Journal of Housing and the Built Environment最新文献

Classical assimilation theories hold that immigrant groups will slowly integrate economically over time over multiple generations, which implies that the (grand)children of immigrants will improve their housing market position compared to their (grand)parents and transition from rental housing to owner-occupation. This study uses unique data on the children and grandchildren of immigrants and native Dutch (‘third generation’) in 2018 to assess whether and how the descendants of large immigrant groups from the postwar era have attained ownership. The generational perspective is two-fold. First, we are interested in how individuals from various generations compare within and between origin groups (generational comparison). Second, the study also assesses the role of parental wealth and tenure in intergenerational transfers, i.e., ethnic and generational differences in the effects of these parental background variables. Our estimates from logistic regression models show that Surinamese-Dutch and Turkish-Dutch see higher predicted owner-occupation rates over generations, with some Turkish-Dutch groups having higher rates than native-Dutch. The parental background variables partly predict owner-occupation rates and explain group differences, which indicates the importance of generational transfers.

The city is constantly changing. New buildings are built, new infrastructure replaces old infrastructure, and the city grows with the addition of new areas. This study investigates the impact of new construction projects on the socioeconomic background and affordability of residents in Stockholm, Sweden. Using the difference-in-difference methodology, the authors analyse data from several construction projects in the city from 2009 to 2014. The results suggest a limited effect on the proportion of residents with higher education and young people, that is, no gentrification effect, but a positive effect on income and affordability. However, this could lead to gentrification and displacement over time. This research sheds light on the potential outcomes of urban development and highlights the need for effective policies to ensure sustainable and equitable growth in Stockholm.

Across Europe, there is a trend to re-focus social housing on the most economically vulnerable groups (“residualisation”). We investigate whether this trend is also observed in Austria, a conservative welfare state with a social housing system open to a broad range of households and a long tradition of municipal housing. Using data from 1995 to 2018, we estimate residualisation indicators that compare the income of social housing tenants with other housing sectors. Based on tenants’ income, we find that municipal housing has become more residualised. This contrasts with Austria’s social housing allocation policy, where generous income limits remain important cornerstones. For limited-profit housing associations (LPHAs), we observe a smaller residualisation trend (mainly outside the capital Vienna), which has gained momentum since the early 2010s. This remedies the Austrian peculiarity that the LPHA sector was a middle-income tenure rather than a safety net for the poor. For both types of social housing, a growing income gap with owners is noticeable.

Abstract

Despite persistent housing affordability issues, energy policy and housing renovation are usually investigated separately from housing costs other than energy. Researchers have examined the financial viability of renovation attending to building conditions and the socio-economic characteristics of their occupants. However, the distributional impacts of renovation incentives and the potential of fiscal policy to redistribute housing costs remain understudied. Dutch fiscal policy, favouring homeownership, offers a relevant context to evaluate how property taxation can boost renovation rates. The novelty of this paper resides in investigating the impact of two policies, the current direct subsidy and a proposal for a green tax, on both the financial viability of renovation and the subsequent distribution of housing costs. The proposed green tax combines energy efficiency and taxation of property revenue. We employ a model considering marginal costs of housing renovation, obtained from a government dataset, and marginal benefits, drawn from a hedonic regression. We assess the distributional impacts of different policy scenarios by examining changes in user costs across income deciles. Our findings indicate that existing renovation subsidies exacerbate the regressive distributional impacts resulting from the current housing taxation system in the Netherlands. Introducing energy-efficiency-linked property taxation can make homeownership fiscality less regressive while incentivising housing renovation. Ultimately, this study highlights the importance of incorporating housing affordability as a fundamental element in renovation policies to balance environmental and distributional objectives.

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has been influencing people’s lives and the cities. Not only people’s physical and mental health have been threatened, but also the city operation has been profoundly affected from different perspectives (e.g., social and economic) permanently. How cities can efficiently react and response to improve city resilience is an urgent issue to be addressed. The healthcare system as a vital part of the city systems is confronting intense pressure and many challenges under this emergent public health crisis of COVID-19, which might cause huge impacts on the whole city’s operation. Also, human beings as the direct victims of this public health crisis, their behaviour changes impacts on the healthcare system and the city could have been inevitable but have been neglected. In this context, this paper intends to study the citizen healthcare accessing behaviours changes in the post-pandemic era, and to unearth their impacts on the healthcare system and the city operation. For this purpose, first, a framework of influential factors for healthcare accessing was established based on a bidirectional “capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour” (COM-B) model and the comprehensive literature review. In which, 43 factors that would influence citizen healthcare accessing behaviour were identified and classified. Thus, based on the proposed framework, two cases (i.e., UK and China) were analysed in depth and compared based on a questionnaire survey to evaluate the factor importance and relationships under different scenarios. And the most influential factors based on analysis results are classified into 12 aspects (e.g., healthcare capability, policy support, information updating etc.). Further, a novel behaviour-healthcare system-city model based on the COM-B model was developed to rethink and indicate the relationships among citizen behaviour, healthcare system and city operation. The research results can be used by policymakers and researchers to improve the city resilience by enabling immediate responses to city systems and citizens behaviours confronting city emergencies.

Abstract

The rapid spread of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) around the world since early 2020 has caused significant economic, social, psychological, and public health costs. The COVID-19 pandemic hit almost all economic sectors including the hospitality and tourism industry. This review paper examined the impacts of COVID-19 on short-term housing and the factors influencing these impacts. The existing literature reported generally negative effects of COVID-19 on the operating performance of the short-term accommodation industry. COVID-19 impacted on travellers’ perceptions, host-guest interactions and psychological well-being when choosing short-term accommodation. This review also provides implications for minimising the impacts of COVID-19 or similar future disruptive events on short-term accommodation operations and surviving the crisis in the short-term accommodation sector.

We aimed to create a theoretical framework to understand how neighborhood gentrification may impact urban health and health equity, taking into account perspectives and evidence from multiple disciplines. In addition to reviewing the literature and harnessing our own experience and expertise, we elicited input from researchers, activists and professionals from multiple fields using an eDelphi process, determined the agreements and disagreements between respondents on the causes, consequences, and health impacts of gentrification. Respondents agreed that neighborhood gentrification has important implications for mental health and on many of the causes and consequences of gentrification but reached less agreement on the pathways by which gentrification may affect health and the specific health outcomes that may be affected. Finally, we generated an evidence-informed conceptual framework taking into account the input from the eDelphi process. Here we present this conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between gentrification and health and discuss a future research agenda for this emerging theme in public health research.

Residential large urban developments are the dominant mode of housing development in many cities around the world. They introduce new technologies to the residential setting that reshape the dwelling experience. Using digital ethnography and in-depth interviews with residents of three residential large urban developments at the center of Israel, this paper portrays how the digital dimension is embedded in and reshapes the performance and experience of the housing environment. We argue the centrality of the digital dimension to the emergence of a distinctly different dwelling experience and the transformation of residential power relations in the city.

Two of the most common types of housing in Poland are single-family houses and flats in blocks of flats. Overall, more than 80 per cent of Poles live in either individual houses or blocks of flats, almost in equal proportions across the country. Houses can be found in rural and urban areas, while flats are mainly located in towns. This study aims to explore the differences in the way residents of these two types of dwellings engage with their home spaces and to try to explain these differences in terms of architectural factors. Using the psycho-sociological lenses of preferences and the architectural tools of spatial syntax, we surveyed a sample of Polish people living in single-family houses (n = 209) and flats in blocks of flats (n = 215). Our participants drew their floor plans and indicated their favourite and most frequented places at home, they also expressed their emotional attitude towards home and its surroundings and explained their feelings and choices. Drawing on space syntax theory, the home plans were analysed in terms of the structural depth of (1) the home as a whole, (2) the respondent's favourite place at home, and (3) the respondent's private room at home. We found that emotional engagement with the home was higher among house dwellers than among flat dwellers, and that there were also differences in the patterns of use of specific home spaces, mostly related to the division of the home into shared and private areas and the impact of the overall spatial depth of the home layout. Gender and occupational differences were particularly pronounced among participants living in houses, whereas they largely disappeared among participants living in blocks of flats. The study contributes to a better understanding of the way home space is psychologically constructed in these two types of housing in the Polish context, but also beyond, not least by inviting scholars to mobilise the tools of spatial syntax analysis to understand residents' engagement with their home space.

Abstract

In both Canada and the United States, immigrants often experience different residential outcomes than non-immigrants. Previous research often attributes these differences to differential treatment in either the labour market or the housing market. We adopt a unique approach in this paper, comparing the behavior of racial groups in Canada and the United States, two countries with large non-white immigrant populations, and distinct housing and labour markets. We examine the role that factors such as immigration status, ethnic group, and housing costs play in differentiating the housing careers of White, South Asian, Black, Latin American, Filipino, and Chinese immigrants from their White native-born counterparts. We find that immigrants often converge upon the native-born in both countries, and that the differences between countries are not nearly as stark as the differences between groups.