Economies and societies are constantly changing and developing, so national metrological systems also need changes and adaptation to modern conditions. National Metrological Institutes (NMI), as one of the main elements of the national metrological infrastructure, are responsible for the development and maintenance of national standards, conducting scientific research in the field of metrology. There are significant risks due to the lack of an effective metrology infrastructure at the national level. The article analyzes the main modern components of NMI activities and offers options for models of NMI functioning depending on the existing metrological infrastructure, taking into account various risks of the operation of such infrastructure.
{"title":"Modern components of activities and models of national metrological institutes","authors":"Yrii Kuzmenko, O. Velychko","doi":"10.33955/v7(2024)-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v7(2024)-047","url":null,"abstract":"Economies and societies are constantly changing and developing, so national metrological systems also need changes and adaptation to modern conditions. National Metrological Institutes (NMI), as one of the main elements of the national metrological infrastructure, are responsible for the development and maintenance of national standards, conducting scientific research in the field of metrology. There are significant risks due to the lack of an effective metrology infrastructure at the national level. The article analyzes the main modern components of NMI activities and offers options for models of NMI functioning depending on the existing metrological infrastructure, taking into account various risks of the operation of such infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"39 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Визначено та проаналізовано відмінності призначення та ведення Державного реєстру засобів вимірювальної техніки та Реєстру затверджених типів засобів вимірювальної техніки, а також можливості використання та впливовості інформації з цих реєстрів.
{"title":"Порівняльний аналіз реєстрів засобів вимірювальної техніки","authors":"В. В. Дуля, О. В. Польчин","doi":"10.33955/v7(2024)-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v7(2024)-052","url":null,"abstract":"Визначено та проаналізовано відмінності призначення та ведення Державного реєстру засобів вимірювальної техніки та Реєстру затверджених типів засобів вимірювальної техніки, а також можливості використання та впливовості інформації з цих реєстрів.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measurement of thermal imager characteristics is important for the reliable and efficient operation of the device in various fields, including science, medicine, and industry. Incorrect measurements can lead to errors, which can be critical, especially for military-grade thermal imagers. This article is dedicated to developing a method for monitoring the output parameters of polarimetric thermal imagers based on calibration. During calibration, the following operations are proposed: visual inspection, functionality check, measurement of polarimetric thermal imager parameters, and evaluation of measurement uncertainties. In this article, the controlled parameters of the polarimetric thermal imager are the measured for device temperature and NETD, Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference. For these parameters, a measurement model, a measurement function, and an uncertainty budget have been developed. The uncertainty budget includes only the main and most influential uncertainty components. This methodology can only be used for one type of polarimetric thermal imager, where the determination of the radiation polarization state is achieved by rotating a phase plate.
{"title":"Development of a polarimetric thermal imager calibration method","authors":"Valentin Kolobrodov, B. Sokol","doi":"10.33955/v7(2024)-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v7(2024)-038","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of thermal imager characteristics is important for the reliable and efficient operation of the device in various fields, including science, medicine, and industry. Incorrect measurements can lead to errors, which can be critical, especially for military-grade thermal imagers. \u0000This article is dedicated to developing a method for monitoring the output parameters of polarimetric thermal imagers based on calibration. During calibration, the following operations are proposed: visual inspection, functionality check, measurement of polarimetric thermal imager parameters, and evaluation of measurement uncertainties. In this article, the controlled parameters of the polarimetric thermal imager are the measured for device temperature and NETD, Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference. For these parameters, a measurement model, a measurement function, and an uncertainty budget have been developed. The uncertainty budget includes only the main and most influential uncertainty components. This methodology can only be used for one type of polarimetric thermal imager, where the determination of the radiation polarization state is achieved by rotating a phase plate.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"107 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rozhnov, Dmytro Melnyk, O. Levbarg, Serhiy Kavalerov
Described is the PVTt primary measurement standard used to calibrate primary standard critical flow nozzles with throat diameters from 2 mm to 8 mm over a flow rate range of 100 m3/h up to 1800 m3/h. Means and methods of the working standard critical flow nozzles calibration are considered. The metrological traceability chain for the gas flow measurements is presented. In the metrological traceability chain, the primary standards are the primary standard critical flow nozzles, the metrological characteristics of which are established through calibration using the primary measuring system and the primary measurement procedure. The secondary standards are working standard critical flow nozzles, the metrological characteristics of which are established by comparing them with primary standard nozzles. The metrological traceability chain has a branched structure, as the measurement model includes various physical quantities: pressure, temperature, volume, time, and gas properties.
{"title":"Ensuring metrological traceability of the gas flow measurements at high pressure in Ukraine","authors":"M. Rozhnov, Dmytro Melnyk, O. Levbarg, Serhiy Kavalerov","doi":"10.33955/v7(2024)-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v7(2024)-041","url":null,"abstract":"Described is the PVTt primary measurement standard used to calibrate primary standard critical flow nozzles with throat diameters from 2 mm to 8 mm over a flow rate range of 100 m3/h up to 1800 m3/h. Means and methods of the working standard critical flow nozzles calibration are considered. The metrological traceability chain for the gas flow measurements is presented. In the metrological traceability chain, the primary standards are the primary standard critical flow nozzles, the metrological characteristics of which are established through calibration using the primary measuring system and the primary measurement procedure. The secondary standards are working standard critical flow nozzles, the metrological characteristics of which are established by comparing them with primary standard nozzles. The metrological traceability chain has a branched structure, as the measurement model includes various physical quantities: pressure, temperature, volume, time, and gas properties.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The original design of the synchronously tunable combined four-channel ferrite filter is given. It is a functional unit consisting of four microwave systems of ferrite filters with coupling loops (one such microwave system in each channel) and a common magnetic system for these filters, which ensures their synchronous tuning in the frequency range of 2-4 GHz. The structural solution of the microwave system in the form of a module allows one to obtain both a bandpass ferrite filter and a band-reject ferrite filter. The results of experimental research are provided. They showed that such a four-channel controllable ferrite filter has not only improved design and technological indicators but also a high decoupling between channels. It can be successfully used not only in measuring equipment but also in modern multichannel microwave communication equipment and radar.
{"title":"Synchronously tunable combined four-channel ferrite filter","authors":"Anatolii Starunskyi, Ihor Kozharin","doi":"10.33955/v7(2024)-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v7(2024)-040","url":null,"abstract":"The original design of the synchronously tunable combined four-channel ferrite filter is given. It is a functional unit consisting of four microwave systems of ferrite filters with coupling loops (one such microwave system in each channel) and a common magnetic system for these filters, which ensures their synchronous tuning in the frequency range of 2-4 GHz. The structural solution of the microwave system in the form of a module allows one to obtain both a bandpass ferrite filter and a band-reject ferrite filter. The results of experimental research are provided. They showed that such a four-channel controllable ferrite filter has not only improved design and technological indicators but also a high decoupling between channels. It can be successfully used not only in measuring equipment but also in modern multichannel microwave communication equipment and radar.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of digital operating automatic devices models of the systems with the property of high functional controllability of hardware and software tools for the performance of computational functions (operations) on a real scale becomes a priority task in the context of ensuring high efficiency and reliability of monitoring the functioning of digital metrological telemetric measurement and control systems of critical infrastructure problem growing relevance. In the article, based on a critical analysis of known methods for digital systems functional control, a method of ensuring the operational controllability of digital automatic devices is proposed based on the concept implementation of predicting (forecasting) control signatures of tuples and their state. Relevant concepts are introduced, and a structural-functional model of functional control for digital automatic device with «hard» logic based on the method of signature prediction is proposed. In the context of the practical implementation of the proposed method of predicting signatures on each operating cycle of the digital automatic device, a system of control signature equations formulas (signature functional control rules) is given for the basic types of digital automatic device register operations with «hard» logic. This makes it possible to implement a new functional control principle (signature functional control by the method of signature prediction) of digital automatic devices by introducing a unified hardware redundancy (synthesized hardware node of a signature functional control) from functionally complete elementary combinational structures from a finite set (standard set). In this regard, the relevance of functional control by the method of predicting signatures for generators of pseudorandom sequences of the maximum length in the digital automatic device of cryptographic encryption by jamming measurement information during its transmission in telecommunication channels of management systems of critical infrastructure objects in the conditions of possible cyberattacks is reasonably grounded. The scientific novelty of the obtained theoretical results is the authors' proof of the need to develop further the methodology of functional control of a general-purpose digital automatic device and, in particular, of telemetric measurement and control systems of critical infrastructure based on the use of the author's mathematical apparatus of synthesis «signature Boolean-polynomial algebra».
{"title":"Signature functional control of digital automatic device register operations","authors":"Viltalii Tupkalo, S. Cherepkov","doi":"10.33955/v7(2024)-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v7(2024)-043","url":null,"abstract":"The development of digital operating automatic devices models of the systems with the property of high functional controllability of hardware and software tools for the performance of computational functions (operations) on a real scale becomes a priority task in the context of ensuring high efficiency and reliability of monitoring the functioning of digital metrological telemetric measurement and control systems of critical infrastructure problem growing relevance. In the article, based on a critical analysis of known methods for digital systems functional control, a method of ensuring the operational controllability of digital automatic devices is proposed based on the concept implementation of predicting (forecasting) control signatures of tuples and their state. Relevant concepts are introduced, and a structural-functional model of functional control for digital automatic device with «hard» logic based on the method of signature prediction is proposed. In the context of the practical implementation of the proposed method of predicting signatures on each operating cycle of the digital automatic device, a system of control signature equations formulas (signature functional control rules) is given for the basic types of digital automatic device register operations with «hard» logic. This makes it possible to implement a new functional control principle (signature functional control by the method of signature prediction) of digital automatic devices by introducing a unified hardware redundancy (synthesized hardware node of a signature functional control) from functionally complete elementary combinational structures from a finite set (standard set). In this regard, the relevance of functional control by the method of predicting signatures for generators of pseudorandom sequences of the maximum length in the digital automatic device of cryptographic encryption by jamming measurement information during its transmission in telecommunication channels of management systems of critical infrastructure objects in the conditions of possible cyberattacks is reasonably grounded. The scientific novelty of the obtained theoretical results is the authors' proof of the need to develop further the methodology of functional control of a general-purpose digital automatic device and, in particular, of telemetric measurement and control systems of critical infrastructure based on the use of the author's mathematical apparatus of synthesis «signature Boolean-polynomial algebra».","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the structure, composition, operation principle, and metrological characteristics of the national primary measurement standard of liquid density unit. This measurement standard realizes the liquid density unit by reference procedure and is the basis for comparison and metrological traceability for other measurement standards of liquid density unit, that made it possible to give it the national primary standard status. Based on accuracy characteristics analysis of primary measurement standards from other countries (CMC-lines from the KCDB of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures based on key and supplementary comparisons), it is possible to prove its high metrological status and initiate international comparisons for establishing its metrological equivalence to the analogical measurement standards from other countries. Measurement standard operation algorithms (in weighting and comparing mode) and uncertainty sources contributing to the uncertainty budget of liquid density measurement, which make it possible to submit measurement results according to established international requirements, are analyzed in the publication.
{"title":"National measurement standard of liquid density unit: structure, metrological characteristics, and operation principles","authors":"Yrii Kuzmenko, Liudmyla Ovchar, Volodymyr Gavrylkin, Oleksandr Melnykov, Yunona Kyrychenko, Nataliia Butkovska, Viktoriia Shvedova, Yehor Sedliarov, Kostiantyn Firsov","doi":"10.33955/v6(2023)-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v6(2023)-034","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the structure, composition, operation principle, and metrological characteristics of the national primary measurement standard of liquid density unit. This measurement standard realizes the liquid density unit by reference procedure and is the basis for comparison and metrological traceability for other measurement standards of liquid density unit, that made it possible to give it the national primary standard status. Based on accuracy characteristics analysis of primary measurement standards from other countries (CMC-lines from the KCDB of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures based on key and supplementary comparisons), it is possible to prove its high metrological status and initiate international comparisons for establishing its metrological equivalence to the analogical measurement standards from other countries. Measurement standard operation algorithms (in weighting and comparing mode) and uncertainty sources contributing to the uncertainty budget of liquid density measurement, which make it possible to submit measurement results according to established international requirements, are analyzed in the publication.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Розглянуто проблему введення в експлуатацію та подальшого застосування засобів вимірювальної техніки, що надходять до України у вигляді гуманітарної допомоги без документів щодо оцінки відповідності та визначено можливий шлях її вирішення.
{"title":"Проблема застосування засобів вимірювальної техніки, що надходять в рамках гуманітарної допомоги та можливий шлях її вирішення","authors":"В. В. Дуля, О. В. Польчин","doi":"10.33955/v6(2023)-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v6(2023)-049","url":null,"abstract":"Розглянуто проблему введення в експлуатацію та подальшого застосування засобів вимірювальної техніки, що надходять до України у вигляді гуманітарної допомоги без документів щодо оцінки відповідності та визначено можливий шлях її вирішення.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Подано переклад на українську мову деяких термінів зі сфери перевіряння фаховості лабораторій методом міжлабораторних порівнянь (proficiency testing, proficiency testing scheme, proficiency testing provider тощо). Запропонованими варіантами перекладу можна буде скористатися під час майбутнього впровадження в Україні нового європейського стандарту EN ISO/IEC 17043:2023 Conformity assessment — General requirements for the competence of proficiency testing providers (ISO/IEC 17043:2023). Також коротко розглянуто назви видів звірень, у яких беруть участь метрологічні інститути.
文章提供了通过实验室间比对对实验室进行能力验证领域的一些术语（能力验证、能力验证计划、能力验证提供者等）的乌克兰语译文。提出的翻译方案可用于今后在乌克兰实施新的欧洲标准 EN ISO/IEC 17043:2023 《合格评定--能力验证提供者能力的一般要求》（ISO/IEC 17043:2023）。此外，还简要介绍了计量机构参与的各类对账的名称。
{"title":"Українська термінологія міжлабораторних порівнянь","authors":"О. С. Левбарг","doi":"10.33955/v6(2023)-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v6(2023)-045","url":null,"abstract":"Подано переклад на українську мову деяких термінів зі сфери перевіряння фаховості лабораторій методом міжлабораторних порівнянь (proficiency testing, proficiency testing scheme, proficiency testing provider тощо). Запропонованими варіантами перекладу можна буде скористатися під час майбутнього впровадження в Україні нового європейського стандарту EN ISO/IEC 17043:2023 Conformity assessment — General requirements for the competence of proficiency testing providers (ISO/IEC 17043:2023). Також коротко розглянуто назви видів звірень, у яких беруть участь метрологічні інститути.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In astronautics, stainless steel is widely used for the manufacture of spacecraft. Rocket fuel tanks are now made of stainless steel. In order for steel to be stainless, for example, grades 08X13 and 12X13, it must contain up to 13% chromium. In pure chromium and its alloys, phase transitions occur under temperature fluctuations and mechanical loads, during which the plastic, strength, and magnetic characteristics of steel alloys change. The article describes distinguishes between phase transformations of the 1st and 2nd kind in chromium and the inconsistency in the definition of the type of transition by different authors. The change in the form of the crystal lattice during the transition from an antiferromagnet to a paramagnet at the Neel point TN = 38 85 °C, is described. An analysis of the relationship between the type of phase transition and the type of symmetry is given. An explanation is given for the difficulties in studying phase transitions in chromium due to the imperfection of the model of the electronic configuration in the 3d layer of the chromium atom.
{"title":"Phase transitions in chrome","authors":"Oleksandr Shevcenko","doi":"10.33955/v6(2023)-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/v6(2023)-037","url":null,"abstract":"In astronautics, stainless steel is widely used for the manufacture of spacecraft. Rocket fuel tanks are now made of stainless steel. In order for steel to be stainless, for example, grades 08X13 and 12X13, it must contain up to 13% chromium. In pure chromium and its alloys, phase transitions occur under temperature fluctuations and mechanical loads, during which the plastic, strength, and magnetic characteristics of steel alloys change. The article describes distinguishes between phase transformations of the 1st and 2nd kind in chromium and the inconsistency in the definition of the type of transition by different authors. The change in the form of the crystal lattice during the transition from an antiferromagnet to a paramagnet at the Neel point TN = 38 85 °C, is described. An analysis of the relationship between the type of phase transition and the type of symmetry is given. An explanation is given for the difficulties in studying phase transitions in chromium due to the imperfection of the model of the electronic configuration in the 3d layer of the chromium atom.","PeriodicalId":475722,"journal":{"name":"Measurements infrastructure","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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