Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00879-z
Ana M. Sánchez-Sánchez, David Ruiz-Muñoz, Francisca J. Sánchez-Sánchez
Abstract Introduction One of the consequences of the increase in the number of social network users has been the inappropriate use of social networks by some of these users. Hate speeches are frequently identified on social media, and these promote certain homophobic and transphobic attitudes, causing psychological consequences on users belonging to minority gender groups. With this work, it is intended to know the current state of the problem raised, to facilitate the activity of new researchers in an emerging field. Methodology Bibliographic analysis of 203 papers from the Scopus databases for the period between 1997 and 2022 using the VOSViewer software. The search for publications was carried out in February 2023. Results There is a positive trend in the number of relevant publications since 2017, mainly in 2021 and 2022. The research on homophobia and transphobia on social media in USA is prominent, with a high number of published articles, productive organizations, and influential authors. Twitter is shown to be the social network most widely used to spread homotransphobic hate speech. Environments conducive to the development of homotransphobic attitudes are identified as collective sports, mainly football and its supporters, as well as peer groups. Conclusions It is a growing problem that requires intervention at the societal level, requiring the development of legislation that moves away from heteronormativity, the development of mechanisms for automatic detection of homotransphobic discourse on social networks, and a multidisciplinary analysis and approach to control the problem as well as provide adequate social support to affected groups.
{"title":"Mapping Homophobia and Transphobia on Social Media","authors":"Ana M. Sánchez-Sánchez, David Ruiz-Muñoz, Francisca J. Sánchez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00879-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00879-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction One of the consequences of the increase in the number of social network users has been the inappropriate use of social networks by some of these users. Hate speeches are frequently identified on social media, and these promote certain homophobic and transphobic attitudes, causing psychological consequences on users belonging to minority gender groups. With this work, it is intended to know the current state of the problem raised, to facilitate the activity of new researchers in an emerging field. Methodology Bibliographic analysis of 203 papers from the Scopus databases for the period between 1997 and 2022 using the VOSViewer software. The search for publications was carried out in February 2023. Results There is a positive trend in the number of relevant publications since 2017, mainly in 2021 and 2022. The research on homophobia and transphobia on social media in USA is prominent, with a high number of published articles, productive organizations, and influential authors. Twitter is shown to be the social network most widely used to spread homotransphobic hate speech. Environments conducive to the development of homotransphobic attitudes are identified as collective sports, mainly football and its supporters, as well as peer groups. Conclusions It is a growing problem that requires intervention at the societal level, requiring the development of legislation that moves away from heteronormativity, the development of mechanisms for automatic detection of homotransphobic discourse on social networks, and a multidisciplinary analysis and approach to control the problem as well as provide adequate social support to affected groups.","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00880-6
Leonor de Oliveira, Eunice Carmo, Daniel Cardoso, Nélio Brazão, Mária Viegas, Rita Vespasiano, Joana Carvalho
Abstract Introduction Sexual violence (SV) perpetrated by women against men is socially dismissed and underrepresented in research. The aim of the current study was to explore the perspectives of university students (women and men) on women-perpetrated SV against men. Methods A total of 19 undergraduate students were presented with a vignette describing a hypothetical situation of SV and interviewed. Results A thematic analysis was performed, identifying four main themes: characters’ Features , sexual initiation Strategies , Consequences , and Motivations and Contexts . Participants endorsed gender stereotypes and victim-blaming narratives, but also challenged gender stereotypes and rape myths. Participants could identify violent sexual initiation strategies, could anticipate potential consequences of the abuse, and were able to imagine potential motivational and contextual factors that facilitated the abuse. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of providing adequate information regarding women-perpetrated SV and can inform preventative approaches targeting social norms that perpetuate the invisibility of this phenomenon. Recommendations for future research are discussed. Policy Implications Public policies that facilitate the training of professionals who contact with victims may help overcome the influence of rape myths that hinder appropriate intervention. Similarly, policies that support the prevention of SV in university contexts may contribute to translate the results from research into practice.
{"title":"A Qualitative Study on University Students’ Perceptions Regarding Sexual Violence Perpetrated by Women Against Men","authors":"Leonor de Oliveira, Eunice Carmo, Daniel Cardoso, Nélio Brazão, Mária Viegas, Rita Vespasiano, Joana Carvalho","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00880-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00880-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Sexual violence (SV) perpetrated by women against men is socially dismissed and underrepresented in research. The aim of the current study was to explore the perspectives of university students (women and men) on women-perpetrated SV against men. Methods A total of 19 undergraduate students were presented with a vignette describing a hypothetical situation of SV and interviewed. Results A thematic analysis was performed, identifying four main themes: characters’ Features , sexual initiation Strategies , Consequences , and Motivations and Contexts . Participants endorsed gender stereotypes and victim-blaming narratives, but also challenged gender stereotypes and rape myths. Participants could identify violent sexual initiation strategies, could anticipate potential consequences of the abuse, and were able to imagine potential motivational and contextual factors that facilitated the abuse. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of providing adequate information regarding women-perpetrated SV and can inform preventative approaches targeting social norms that perpetuate the invisibility of this phenomenon. Recommendations for future research are discussed. Policy Implications Public policies that facilitate the training of professionals who contact with victims may help overcome the influence of rape myths that hinder appropriate intervention. Similarly, policies that support the prevention of SV in university contexts may contribute to translate the results from research into practice.","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00870-8
Mika Hagerlid, Aleksandar Štulhofer, Anita Redert, Irma Jakić, Wiebke Schoon, Melina Westermann, Cynthia Deverchin, Hanneke de Graaf, Erick Janssen, Charlotta Löfgren
Abstract Introduction Experiences of sexual harassment are common among university students. At the same time, research shows that victims and bystanders find it difficult to determine when an incident meets the criteria for sexual harassment. The aim of this study therefore was to obtain a richer and deeper understanding of the obstacles that university students encounter in identifying sexual harassment in the academic environment. Methods Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 85 students at the bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral level in five European countries (Belgium, Croatia, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) between 2020 and 2022. Thematic analysis was used to identify obstacles in identifying sexual harassment. Results The obstacles described by participants were found to fall into three main categories: (1) preconceived notions about what constitutes sexual harassment that did not necessarily concur with lived experiences, (2) navigating an often blurred or ambiguous line between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour and (3) the existence of competing interpretations of what had happened. Conclusions The results point to a gap between the participants’ lived experiences and their interpretations of them, which include difficulties positioning their experiences within their theoretical understanding of sexual harassment. Policy Implications Measures to counteract the obstacles faced by victims and bystanders in identifying sexual harassment in academia should target this cognitive gap, for instance by addressing the stereotypes that characterize preconceived notions about sexual harassment.
{"title":"Obstacles in Identifying Sexual Harassment in Academia: Insights from Five European Countries","authors":"Mika Hagerlid, Aleksandar Štulhofer, Anita Redert, Irma Jakić, Wiebke Schoon, Melina Westermann, Cynthia Deverchin, Hanneke de Graaf, Erick Janssen, Charlotta Löfgren","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00870-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00870-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Experiences of sexual harassment are common among university students. At the same time, research shows that victims and bystanders find it difficult to determine when an incident meets the criteria for sexual harassment. The aim of this study therefore was to obtain a richer and deeper understanding of the obstacles that university students encounter in identifying sexual harassment in the academic environment. Methods Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 85 students at the bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral level in five European countries (Belgium, Croatia, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) between 2020 and 2022. Thematic analysis was used to identify obstacles in identifying sexual harassment. Results The obstacles described by participants were found to fall into three main categories: (1) preconceived notions about what constitutes sexual harassment that did not necessarily concur with lived experiences, (2) navigating an often blurred or ambiguous line between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour and (3) the existence of competing interpretations of what had happened. Conclusions The results point to a gap between the participants’ lived experiences and their interpretations of them, which include difficulties positioning their experiences within their theoretical understanding of sexual harassment. Policy Implications Measures to counteract the obstacles faced by victims and bystanders in identifying sexual harassment in academia should target this cognitive gap, for instance by addressing the stereotypes that characterize preconceived notions about sexual harassment.","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00877-1
Fangsong Liu, Zhengjia Ren, Harold Chui, Yabing Wang
{"title":"Coming Out Among Chinese LGB Adults: A Latent Profile Analysis","authors":"Fangsong Liu, Zhengjia Ren, Harold Chui, Yabing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00877-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00877-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136310089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00871-7
João Tavares, Tatiana Casado, Pedro Sá-Couto, Sara Guerra, Liliana Sousa
Abstract Introduction Older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT+) adults have been mainly studied in relation to stigma and mental and physical disorders. Understanding their satisfaction with life, along with their generative expression, is crucial in building healthy aging. This study examined the satisfaction with life of Spanish older LGBT+ adults, considering the role of generativity. Methods Data were gathered online; 141 Spanish LGBT+ people completed the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS), Generative Behaviour Checklist (GBC), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Data were analysed through descriptive, nonparametric tests, and correlational statistics. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the SWLS and the other scales, including social and demographic variables as covariates. Results Satisfaction with life and generativity are positively associated to (i) disclosure in all areas of life, (ii) perceived support in the disclosure process, (iii) (daily) participation in social activities, and (iv) higher in women, (v) in those who have a partner, and (vi) who have children. The multivariable regression model explained 32.6% of the variance in SWLS. The SWLS increased with generativity confidence and behaviours of collaboration and care. Conclusions Satisfaction with life and generativity are promoted by disclosure in all areas of life, and perceived support in the disclosure process. Policy Implications Social policies and programs should (i) encourage LGBT+ individuals’ disclosure and support them in this process, probably by creating safe and supportive environments; (ii) promote LGBT+ older adults’ social participation, namely in terms of volunteering and mentoring.
{"title":"Spanish Older LGBT+ Adults: Satisfaction with Life and Generativity","authors":"João Tavares, Tatiana Casado, Pedro Sá-Couto, Sara Guerra, Liliana Sousa","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00871-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00871-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT+) adults have been mainly studied in relation to stigma and mental and physical disorders. Understanding their satisfaction with life, along with their generative expression, is crucial in building healthy aging. This study examined the satisfaction with life of Spanish older LGBT+ adults, considering the role of generativity. Methods Data were gathered online; 141 Spanish LGBT+ people completed the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS), Generative Behaviour Checklist (GBC), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Data were analysed through descriptive, nonparametric tests, and correlational statistics. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the SWLS and the other scales, including social and demographic variables as covariates. Results Satisfaction with life and generativity are positively associated to (i) disclosure in all areas of life, (ii) perceived support in the disclosure process, (iii) (daily) participation in social activities, and (iv) higher in women, (v) in those who have a partner, and (vi) who have children. The multivariable regression model explained 32.6% of the variance in SWLS. The SWLS increased with generativity confidence and behaviours of collaboration and care. Conclusions Satisfaction with life and generativity are promoted by disclosure in all areas of life, and perceived support in the disclosure process. Policy Implications Social policies and programs should (i) encourage LGBT+ individuals’ disclosure and support them in this process, probably by creating safe and supportive environments; (ii) promote LGBT+ older adults’ social participation, namely in terms of volunteering and mentoring.","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135741075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00872-6
Koji Ueno, Lacey J. Ritter, Melinda D. Kane, Skyler Bastow, Rachael Dominguez, Jason V. D’Amours
{"title":"LGBTQ Young Adults’ Attitudes Toward Workplace Antidiscrimination Policies: A Cross-National Analysis Between the USA and Japan","authors":"Koji Ueno, Lacey J. Ritter, Melinda D. Kane, Skyler Bastow, Rachael Dominguez, Jason V. D’Amours","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00872-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00872-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136191851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00874-4
Jean M. Twenge, Brooke E. Wells, Jennifer Le
{"title":"Increases in LGB Identification Among US Adults, 2014–2021","authors":"Jean M. Twenge, Brooke E. Wells, Jennifer Le","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00874-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00874-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136107944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00863-7
Nerea Jiménez Picón, M. Alonso-Ruíz, Rocío Romero Castillo, María de los Reyes Asensio-Pérez, J. M. Martínez-Montilla, Manuel Pabón-Carrasco
{"title":"Psychometric Properties and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Love Myths Scale in a Comparative Sample by Gender and Across Generational Groups","authors":"Nerea Jiménez Picón, M. Alonso-Ruíz, Rocío Romero Castillo, María de los Reyes Asensio-Pérez, J. M. Martínez-Montilla, Manuel Pabón-Carrasco","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00863-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00863-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77124279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: HIV-Positive, Heterosexually Married Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: HIV Status Disclosure and Sexual Behaviors","authors":"Chang-Youn Song, Hui Xie, Runze Ding, Dusita Phuengsamran","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00875-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00875-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76446976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.1007/s13178-023-00867-3
Carmen Meneses-Falcón, Antonio Rúa-Vieites
{"title":"Possible Consequences of the Criminalization of Sex Work in Spain, Inferred from COVID-19 Lockdown Measures","authors":"Carmen Meneses-Falcón, Antonio Rúa-Vieites","doi":"10.1007/s13178-023-00867-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00867-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47654,"journal":{"name":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90943161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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