Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-18DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25090
Magesh Parthiban, Anusha Cherian, Pankaj Kundra, P S Priyamvada, Zachariah Bobby, Muthupillai Senthilnathan
Background and aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 15-50% of trauma patients and worsens outcomes. Early identification of high-risk individuals may enable reno-protective strategies. Urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) have shown promise in predicting AKI in various settings, but their utility in critically ill trauma patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the combined urinary biomarker product (TIMP-2) × (IGFBP7) for early AKI prediction in this group.
Patients and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in India. Critically ill trauma patients aged 18-65 years admitted to the critical care unit were enrolled and followed for AKI development (KDIGO criteria). Injury Severity Score (ISS) and APACHE II scores were recorded at admission. Urine samples collected at admission and 24 hours post-admission were analyzed for TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 using ELISA-based kits. Associations between biomarker levels, AKI occurrence, and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) were assessed, along with clinical and hemodynamic parameters.
Results: Seventy-nine patients were included; 14 (17.7%) developed AKI. Median APACHE II scores were 11 (7-18) vs 9 (7-11), and ISS scores 34 (25-34) vs 25 (25-34) in AKI and non-AKI groups, respectively. The ROC-AUC for (TIMP-2) × (IGFBP7) was 0.49 at admission and 0.57 at 24 hours. A 24-hour cut-off of 0.008 (ng/mL)²/1,000 yielded 85.7% sensitivity, 27.7% specificity, NPV 90%, and PPV 20.3%.
Conclusion: Urinary (TIMP-2) × (IGFBP7) measured at admission did not show any significant discriminating power. However Urinary (TIMP-2) × (IGFBP7) measured 24 hours after admission may help identify critically ill trauma patients at risk of AKI.
How to cite this article: Parthiban M, Cherian A, Kundra P, Priyamvada PS, Bobby Z, Senthilnathan M. Role of Urinary Biomarkers TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 in Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(11):936-941.
背景和目的：急性肾损伤（AKI）发生在15-50%的创伤患者中，并使预后恶化。早期识别高风险个体可能有助于采取肾保护策略。尿组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-2 （TIMP-2）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7 （IGFBP7）在各种情况下预测AKI有希望，但它们在危重创伤患者中的应用仍不清楚。本研究旨在评估联合尿生物标志物产物（TIMP-2） × （IGFBP7）在该组早期AKI预测中的作用。患者和方法：这项前瞻性观察研究是在印度三级保健中心进行的。年龄在18-65岁的重症外伤患者被纳入重症监护病房，并随访AKI的发展（KDIGO标准）。入院时记录损伤严重程度评分（ISS）和APACHE II评分。入院时和入院后24小时收集尿液样本，使用elisa试剂盒分析TIMP-2和IGFBP7。评估生物标志物水平、AKI发生率和肾替代治疗（RRT）需求之间的关系，以及临床和血流动力学参数。结果：纳入79例患者；14例（17.7%）发生AKI。AKI组和非AKI组中位APACHE II评分分别为11（7-18）和9 (7-11)，ISS评分分别为34（25-34）和25（25-34）。入院时（TIMP-2） × （IGFBP7）的ROC-AUC为0.49,24小时时为0.57。24小时临界值为0.008 （ng/mL）²/ 1000，敏感性为85.7%，特异性为27.7%，NPV为90%，PPV为20.3%。结论：入院时测尿（TIMP-2） × （IGFBP7）无显著鉴别力。然而，入院后24小时测量尿（TIMP-2） × （IGFBP7）可能有助于识别有AKI风险的危重创伤患者。Parthiban M, Cherian A, Kundra P, Priyamvada PS, Bobby Z, Senthilnathan M.尿液生物标志物TIMP-2和IGFBP7在重症创伤患者急性肾损伤中的作用：前瞻性观察研究。中华检验医学杂志；2015;29(11):936-941。
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Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25061
Ashraf S Al Tayar, Hosni A Salem, Eslam E Abdelshafey, Mohamed A Rashwan, Mohmed F Khalil, Hebah A Alwafi, Walid S Alhabashy, Shamekh H Altayar, Nazeh E Elfakhrany, Dina H Zidan, Prashant Nasa
Background and aims: Chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are established imaging modalities for patients in respiratory distress, and lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as an efficient point-of-care alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of LUS and CXR in critically ill patients, utilizing CT thorax as the reference standard.
Patient and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU) involving mechanically ventilated adult patients requiring CT thorax. Before the CT, patients underwent portable CXR and LUS. Diagnostic performance metrics were calculated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and AUC-ROC for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, consolidation, collapse, and pulmonary edema for CXR and LUS compared to CT. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using Cohen's κ.
Results: A total of 110 patients were included in this study. Overall, the performance of LUS was significantly superior to CXR for diagnosing various pathologies. Lung ultrasound exhibited 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity, outperforming CXR (66.7% sensitivity) for the detection of pneumothorax. For pleural effusion, LUS achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity, reflecting perfect concordance with CT, especially for moderate and severe pleural effusions, while CXR had an accuracy of only 68.18%. Lung consolidation and collapse were identified with 100% sensitivity and PPV by LUS. Furthermore, the accuracy of LUS in diagnosing pulmonary edema was 96.4%, with a specificity of 95.3% and an NPV of 100%.
Conclusion: Across five pathologies that were evaluated in this study, LUS consistently outperformed CXR in diagnostic accuracy and concordance with CT thorax.
How to cite this article: Al Tayar AS, Salem HA, Abdelshafey EE, Rashwan MA, Khalil MF, Alwafi HA, et al. Comparative Analysis of Lung Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, and X-ray in the Diagnosis of Common Pathologies among Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients-A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):807-814.
背景和目的：胸部x线（CXR）和计算机断层扫描（CT）是呼吸窘迫患者的既定成像方式，肺超声（LUS）已成为一种有效的护理点替代方案。本研究旨在评价LUS和CXR在危重患者中的诊断价值，以CT胸为参考标准。患者和方法：在三级重症监护病房（ICU）进行了一项前瞻性观察研究，涉及需要进行机械通气的成年患者CT胸。CT前，患者行便携式CXR和LUS检查。采用敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）和AUC-ROC对气胸、胸腔积液、实变、塌陷和肺水肿进行诊断，并与CT进行比较。采用Cohen’s κ评价评分者间一致性。结果：本研究共纳入110例患者。总体而言，LUS在诊断各种病理方面的表现明显优于CXR。肺超声检测气胸的灵敏度为100%，特异度为97%，优于CXR（66.7%）。对于胸腔积液，LUS的敏感性和特异性均达到100%，与CT具有较好的一致性，尤其对于中重度胸腔积液，而CXR的准确率仅为68.18%。LUS检测肺实变和萎陷的灵敏度和PPV均为100%。LUS诊断肺水肿的准确率为96.4%，特异性为95.3%，NPV为100%。结论：在本研究评估的五种病理中，LUS在诊断准确性和与CT胸的一致性方面始终优于CXR。如何引用本文：Al Tayar AS， Salem HA, Abdelshafey EE, Rashwan MA, Khalil MF, Alwafi HA，等。肺超声、ct和x线对危重机械通气患者常见病理诊断的比较分析——一项前瞻性观察研究。中华检验医学杂志；2015;29(10):807-814。
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Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25063
Lilian Eb Delazari, Ligia Sr Ratti, Adria C da Silva, Melissa Sibinelli, Aline M Heidemann, Higor Lm Montedioca, Emanuella F Santos, Antonio LE Falcão
How to cite this article: Delazari LEB, Ratti LSR, da Silva AC, Sibinelli M, Heidemann AM, Montedioca HLM, et al. Author Response: Due to Limitations in the Feasibility of the Perme Score it should not be Used to Classify Muscle Weakness in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):884-886.
如何引用本文：Delazari LEB， Ratti LSR, da Silva AC, Sibinelli M, Heidemann AM， Montedioca HLM等。作者回应：由于Perme评分的可行性存在局限性，不应将其用于重症监护病房患者的肌无力分类。中华检验医学杂志；2015;29(10):884-886。
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{"title":"Epinephrine vs Norepinephrine as the Initial Vasoactive Agent in Pediatric Septic Shock: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial for Recruitment Rates and Protocol Adherence, the Epinephrine vs Norepinephrine in Pediatric Septic Shock (EPINESS) Trial.","authors":"Rajeshwari Nataraj, Parth Dalal, Bharath Kt Vijayaraghavan, Priyavarthini Venkatachalam, Vasanth Kumar, Lakshmanan Chidambaram, Luregn J Schlapbach, Niranjan Kissoon, Suchitra Ranjit","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25068","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47664,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"29 10","pages":"894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12592990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25069
Balaji Vaithialingam
How to cite this article: Vaithialingam B. Google's AI Search Engine Misinterprets the Glucose Conversion Factor for Lactate. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):892-893.
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Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25058
Ram Singh, Prakash G Gondode, Sakshi Duggal, Sudhansu S Nayak
Background and aims: Caregivers of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with advanced chronic illness face significant psychological stress and information gaps regarding palliative care. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT and Google Gemini may offer scalable, personalized educational support. This study aimed to compare the quality of academic content generated by these AI chatbots in terms of readability, sentiment, understandability, actionability, and expert-rated accuracy and completeness.
Materials and methods: On December 10, 2024, ChatGPT and Google Gemini (free browser versions) were queried with a standardized prompt on ICU palliative care for caregivers. Outputs were evaluated for readability (eight validated indices), sentiment polarity (online tool), understandability and actionability, patient education materials assessment tool for printable materials (PEMAT-P), and expert panel (n = 7) assessments of accuracy and completeness using a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical comparisons were conducted using paired t-tests.
Results: ChatGPT and Gemini produced content of comparable readability (12.96 vs 13.21). Sentiment scores favored ChatGPT (+7.8 vs -39.1). Both chatbots achieved similar scores in understandability and actionability (91.7 and 80%, respectively). Accuracy scores were similar (p = 0.36), while completeness was significantly higher for ChatGPT (95% CI 0.08-1.07; p = 0.025).
Conclusion: Both AI tools generated content suitable for caregiver education in ICUs. ChatGPT demonstrated more neutral sentiment and greater completeness, supporting a potential role in critical care communication and education of caregivers in the ICU.
How to cite this article: Singh R, Gondode PG, Duggal S, Nayak SS. Comparative Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Delivering Palliative Care Education to Intensive Care Unit Caregivers- A Cross-platform Analysis: A Brief Communication. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):865-867.
背景与目的：重症监护病房（ICU）晚期慢性疾病患者的护理人员在姑息治疗方面面临着显著的心理压力和信息缺口。ChatGPT和谷歌Gemini等生成式人工智能（AI）工具可以提供可扩展的个性化教育支持。本研究旨在比较这些人工智能聊天机器人生成的学术内容的可读性、情感、可理解性、可操作性以及专家评价的准确性和完整性。材料与方法：于2024年12月10日对ChatGPT和谷歌Gemini（免费浏览器版本）进行查询，并对护理人员进行ICU姑息治疗的标准化提示。评估输出的可读性（8个经过验证的指标）、情感极性（在线工具）、可理解性和可操作性、可打印材料的患者教育材料评估工具（PEMAT-P）和专家小组（n = 7）使用5点李克特量表对准确性和完整性进行评估。采用配对t检验进行统计学比较。结果：ChatGPT和Gemini产生的内容可读性相当（12.96 vs 13.21）。情绪得分有利于ChatGPT （+7.8 vs -39.1）。两个聊天机器人在可理解性和可操作性方面的得分相似（分别为91.7和80%）。准确度评分相似（p = 0.36），而ChatGPT的完整性明显更高（95% CI 0.08-1.07; p = 0.025）。结论：两种人工智能工具都能生成适合icu护理人员教育的内容。ChatGPT表现出更中性的情绪和更大的完整性，支持在重症监护沟通和ICU护理人员教育中的潜在作用。本文引用本文：李建军，李建军，李建军。人工智能聊天机器人在重症监护病房护理人员临终关怀教育中的应用研究。中华检验医学杂志；2015;29(10):865-867。
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Delivering Palliative Care Education to Intensive Care Unit Caregivers- A Cross-platform Analysis: A Brief Communication.","authors":"Ram Singh, Prakash G Gondode, Sakshi Duggal, Sudhansu S Nayak","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25058","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Caregivers of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with advanced chronic illness face significant psychological stress and information gaps regarding palliative care. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT and Google Gemini may offer scalable, personalized educational support. This study aimed to compare the quality of academic content generated by these AI chatbots in terms of readability, sentiment, understandability, actionability, and expert-rated accuracy and completeness.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>On December 10, 2024, ChatGPT and Google Gemini (free browser versions) were queried with a standardized prompt on ICU palliative care for caregivers. Outputs were evaluated for readability (eight validated indices), sentiment polarity (online tool), understandability and actionability, patient education materials assessment tool for printable materials (PEMAT-P), and expert panel (<i>n</i> = 7) assessments of accuracy and completeness using a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical comparisons were conducted using paired <i>t</i>-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT and Gemini produced content of comparable readability (12.96 vs 13.21). Sentiment scores favored ChatGPT (+7.8 vs -39.1). Both chatbots achieved similar scores in understandability and actionability (91.7 and 80%, respectively). Accuracy scores were similar (<i>p</i> = 0.36), while completeness was significantly higher for ChatGPT (95% CI 0.08-1.07; <i>p</i> = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both AI tools generated content suitable for caregiver education in ICUs. ChatGPT demonstrated more neutral sentiment and greater completeness, supporting a potential role in critical care communication and education of caregivers in the ICU.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Singh R, Gondode PG, Duggal S, Nayak SS. Comparative Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Delivering Palliative Care Education to Intensive Care Unit Caregivers- A Cross-platform Analysis: A Brief Communication. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):865-867.</p>","PeriodicalId":47664,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"29 10","pages":"865-867"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12592944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How to cite this article: Hanumanthappa MK, Sharda SC. Comment on "A Prospective Study to Assess the Profile and Outcome of Acute Paraquat Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal". Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):887.
{"title":"Comment on \"A Prospective Study to Assess the Profile and Outcome of Acute Paraquat Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal\".","authors":"Mohan Kumar Hanumanthappa, Saurabh Chandrabhan Sharda","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25059","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>How to cite this article:</b> Hanumanthappa MK, Sharda SC. Comment on \"A Prospective Study to Assess the Profile and Outcome of Acute Paraquat Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal\". Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):887.</p>","PeriodicalId":47664,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"29 10","pages":"887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12592987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25076
Prateek K Panda, Indar K Sharawat
How to cite this article: Panda PK, Sharawat IK. Author Response: A Neurological Outcome Score for Ventilated PICU Patients Should Only Include Neurological, Objective Outcome Parameters. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):878-879.
{"title":"Author Response: A Neurological Outcome Score for Ventilated PICU Patients Should Only Include Neurological, Objective Outcome Parameters.","authors":"Prateek K Panda, Indar K Sharawat","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25076","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>How to cite this article:</b> Panda PK, Sharawat IK. Author Response: A Neurological Outcome Score for Ventilated PICU Patients Should Only Include Neurological, Objective Outcome Parameters. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):878-879.</p>","PeriodicalId":47664,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"29 10","pages":"878-879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12592952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25062
Kali C Das, Adabala V Babu, Abhay R Yadav, Jameel A Aleem, Abhipsa Ojha
How to cite this article: Das KC, Babu AV, Yadav AR, Aleem JA, Ojha A. Standardizing Bedside Ultrasound: A Structured Multiorgan Point-of-care Ultrasound Checklist in Critical Care. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):889-891.
{"title":"Standardizing Bedside Ultrasound: A Structured Multiorgan Point-of-care Ultrasound Checklist in Critical Care.","authors":"Kali C Das, Adabala V Babu, Abhay R Yadav, Jameel A Aleem, Abhipsa Ojha","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25062","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>How to cite this article:</b> Das KC, Babu AV, Yadav AR, Aleem JA, Ojha A. Standardizing Bedside Ultrasound: A Structured Multiorgan Point-of-care Ultrasound Checklist in Critical Care. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):889-891.</p>","PeriodicalId":47664,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"29 10","pages":"889-891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12602367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25060
Seenivasan Subramani, Poovazhagi Varadarajan
How to cite this article: Subramani S, Varadarajan P. Authors Response: Comments on "Tracheostomy in Children - Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in South India". Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):881.
{"title":"Authors Response: Comments on \"Tracheostomy in Children - Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in South India\".","authors":"Seenivasan Subramani, Poovazhagi Varadarajan","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25060","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-25060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>How to cite this article:</b> Subramani S, Varadarajan P. Authors Response: Comments on \"Tracheostomy in Children - Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in South India\". Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(10):881.</p>","PeriodicalId":47664,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"29 10","pages":"881"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12592988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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