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New Wave of Thinking About Revolutions 新一轮革命思考
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231225085
Egor D. Fain, Alisa R. Shishkina
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引用次数: 0
From Labour Process Theory to Organisational Political Economy: A Response to Benassi, Ikeler and Wood 从劳动过程理论到组织政治经济学:对贝纳西、伊克勒和伍德的回应
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231219209
Matt Vidal
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引用次数: 0
Platform Organizations and Fields: Exploring the Influence of Field Conditions on Platformization Processes 平台组织与田野:探索实地条件对平台化进程的影响
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231221444
David Seibt
This article contributes to the debate on the platformization of society by presenting a theoretical framework that describes the influence of strategic action fields (SAFs) on the emergence of platform architectures. It shifts the focus from already successful platforms to contested processes of platformization, understood as the gradual reorganization of fields around the architectures of digital platforms. To assess the influence of fields on platformization processes, the article combines the architectural view of platforms and the theory of SAFs. The resulting framework emphasizes that platform organizations may occupy powerful positions in fields, but they also depend on the contributions of users and complementors to establish these positions in the first place. Therefore, the forms and outcomes of platformization are influenced by the conditions in SAFs, particularly the stage in the field’s temporal trajectory and the field position of platform organizations. By re-examining a growing body of empirical research, the article distinguishes platformization processes in emerging, stable, and transforming fields, and presents scenarios for each case. By theorizing a wide range of platformization processes and outcomes beyond disruption, the article offers a nuanced understanding of the proliferation of digital platforms and the influence of platform organizations in contemporary societies.
本文提出了一个理论框架,描述了战略行动领域(SAFs)对平台架构出现的影响,为有关社会平台化的讨论做出了贡献。它将重点从已经成功的平台转移到有争议的平台化过程,将其理解为围绕数字平台架构的领域逐步重组。为了评估领域对平台化进程的影响,文章结合了平台架构观点和战略框架理论。由此形成的框架强调,平台组织可能在领域中占据强大的地位,但它们也首先依赖于用户和补充者的贡献来确立这些地位。因此,平台化的形式和结果受到 SAF 条件的影响,尤其是领域的时间轨迹阶段和平台组织的领域地位。通过重新审视越来越多的实证研究,文章区分了新兴领域、稳定领域和转型领域的平台化进程,并针对每种情况提出了设想。通过对破坏之外的一系列平台化过程和结果进行理论分析,文章对数字平台的扩散和平台组织在当代社会中的影响提供了细致入微的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Disguised Workers: The Transformation of Labour and the Myth of Entrepreneurship in ‘Post-Socialist’ Polish Capitalism 伪装的工人:后社会主义 "波兰资本主义中的劳动力转型和企业家神话
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231218987
Elisabetta Magnani, Gavin Rae
In this article, we analyse the role that entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship have played in the construction and consolidation of capitalism in Poland. We question the line conventionally drawn between entrepreneurs and the working class, arguing that the vast majority of so-called entrepreneurs in Poland are disguised workers who were rejected from the labour market during the transition to capitalism or forced into self-employment as Poland’s precariat labour market crystallised. We outline a critical historical analysis of the origin of these disguised workers to provide space for a discussion of the specific ‘labour problem’ that Poland has faced during its transition to capitalism. A central argument of our study is that the top-down creation of entrepreneurship is a partial and often contradictory response to this ‘labour problem’. We then illustrate these contradictions, showing how those commonly defined as entrepreneurs have performed relatively poorly in their designated roles of creating employment and innovation, while their living standards and wellbeing have deteriorated. We historically frame how this group of disguised workers in Poland embody the tension between the normative and actual aspects of capitalist development in Poland since 1989.
在本文中,我们分析了企业家和创业精神在波兰资本主义的构建和巩固过程中所扮演的角色。我们质疑传统上企业家与工人阶级之间的界限,认为波兰绝大多数所谓的企业家都是伪装的工人,他们在向资本主义过渡的过程中被劳动力市场拒之门外,或随着波兰前沿劳动力市场的具体化而被迫从事自营职业。我们概述了对这些变相工人来源的批判性历史分析,以便为讨论波兰在向资本主义过渡期间所面临的具体 "劳动力问题 "提供空间。我们研究的一个核心论点是,自上而下地创造企业家精神是对这一 "劳动力问题 "的部分且往往是矛盾的回应。然后,我们阐述了这些矛盾,说明那些通常被定义为企业家的人如何在其创造就业和创新的指定角色中表现相对较差,而他们的生活水平和福利却每况愈下。我们将从历史的角度阐述波兰这群伪装的工人如何体现 1989 年以来波兰资本主义发展的规范与实际之间的矛盾。
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引用次数: 0
Contesting Power From the Periphery: The Latin American Sociological Imagination and the Media 来自边缘的权力争夺:拉丁美洲社会学想象与媒体
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231221233
J. Lugo-Ocando, Monica Marchesi
Although today media and communication studies across Latin America are closely linked to critical sociology, this was not always the case. In this article, we explore how the interaction between social communication (which includes communication and media studies) and critical sociology, in the Latin American context, evolved over time. In so doing, we examine how, and in which directions, media theory has developed and how it relates profoundly with critical sociology. This piece is an attempt to summarize this process and look at current contributions that propose more inclusive and participatory media. The key argument that it took a long time for Latin America’s media studies to link itself with critical sociology but once that happened, it produced a distinctive school of thought that is counter-hegemonic and directs itself towards the contestation of power and oppression by linking itself with the popular.
尽管今天拉丁美洲的媒体和传播研究与批判社会学密切相关,但情况并非总是如此。在本文中,我们将探讨在拉丁美洲,社会传播(包括传播和媒体研究)与批判社会学之间的互动是如何随着时间的推移而演变的。在此过程中,我们将研究媒体理论是如何发展的,朝哪个方向发展,以及它与批判社会学之间的深刻关系。本文试图对这一过程进行总结,并审视当前提出更具包容性和参与性的媒体的贡献。主要论点是,拉丁美洲的媒体研究花了很长时间才将自身与批判社会学联系起来,但一旦联系起来,就产生了一种独特的思想流派,这种流派反霸权,通过将自身与大众联系起来,致力于对权力和压迫的抗争。
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引用次数: 0
Reflexive Organization and Radicalized Modernity: Revisiting the Organization–Society Nexus 反思性组织与激进的现代性:重新审视组织与社会的联系
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231217963
Arnold Windeler, Robert Jungmann
Organizations and societies have changed. Bureaucracy, as modernity’s form of organization, has transformed into a reflexive organization, coordinating the conditions of system reproduction in time–space with increased reflexivity. Simultaneously, modernity with capitalism, industrialization, and rationalization as its institutional dimensions radicalized; reflexive organizations as one of its driving forces and the reflexive organization as the new organization model. Today, reflexive organizations are the most ubiquitous and powerful agents in our societies, separating and integrating activities, practices, and occurrences in new time–space arrangements and sets of social systems together with others, fueling modernity’s dynamism and global scope and letting our societies resemble an engine without a driver, erratically running in directions we cannot foresee. To identify and understand these changes and their impact on our current world, we develop a research framework informed by Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory that upgrades social systems to the core of structuration theory and adds the reflexive mode of organization and a strategic perspective to Giddens’ theory of modernity.
组织和社会都发生了变化。官僚制作为现代性的组织形式,已转变为一种反思性组织,以更强的反思性协调系统在时空中的再生产条件。与此同时,以资本主义、工业化和合理化为制度维度的现代性激进化;反思性组织成为其驱动力之一,反思性组织成为新的组织模式。今天,反思性组织是我们社会中最无处不在、最强大的力量,它在新的时空安排和社会体系中将活动、实践和事件与其他活动、实践和事件分离并整合在一起,为现代性的活力和全球范围推波助澜,让我们的社会像一台没有驱动力的发动机,朝着我们无法预见的方向无规律地运转。为了识别和理解这些变化及其对当今世界的影响,我们以安东尼-吉登斯的结构化理论为基础,建立了一个研究框架,将社会系统提升为结构化理论的核心,并在吉登斯的现代性理论中加入了反思性组织模式和战略视角。
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引用次数: 0
News Sources in the Sociology of the Media: A Critical Re-Examination 媒体社会学中的新闻来源:批判性再审视
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231217306
Jernej A Prodnik, Igor Vobič
Sourcing practices are among the central research topics within the sociology of the media. Empirical studies have analysed what and who are the major journalistic sources, demonstrating that the selections journalists make not only depend on their subjective choices, but are connected to the norms and routines established in the profession. While invaluable, these studies are primarily media-centric and focused on small-scale investigations, meaning they regularly ignore the social totality in which sourcing is inevitably embedded. Such studies hence also pay too little attention to the external actors that provide ‘information subsidies’ to journalists. By employing the framework of the public sphere, we show that news sources should be viewed as a topic of central social relevance that touches on wider power relations within society. Sociological approaches should thus be complemented with other critical traditions, for instance the political economy of communication. The latter approach’s value is revealed in brief sketches that point to the possibilities of achieving deeper understanding of the topic.
新闻来源实践是媒体社会学的核心研究课题之一。实证研究分析了什么是主要的新闻来源,谁是主要的新闻来源,表明记者的选择不仅取决于他们的主观选择,而且与新闻行业的规范和常规有关。这些研究虽然很有价值,但主要是以媒体为中心,侧重于小规模的调查,这意味着它们经常忽略了新闻来源不可避免地嵌入其中的社会整体。因此,这些研究也很少关注为记者提供 "信息补贴 "的外部参与者。通过运用公共领域的框架,我们表明新闻来源应被视为一个具有核心社会意义的话题,它涉及到社会中更广泛的权力关系。因此,社会学方法应与其他批判传统相辅相成,例如传播的政治经济学。后一种方法的价值体现在简短的概述中,指出了深入理解这一主题的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Placing Mexican Ethnic Enclaves: Toward a Recursive Model of Place Attachment 墨西哥民族聚居区的安置:地方依恋的递归模型
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231216429
Jozef Callán Robles, Devon Thacker Thomas
Place attachment, the emotional bond between person and place, facilitates well-being and belonging for Mexicans in the United States. However, place attachment research concentrating on Mexican populations has not explored a key site for placemaking—the ethnic enclave. Thus, we draw on 20 interviews with Mexicans in the United States to examine how individuals form close connections to La Cuatro, an ethnic enclave in California. Despite the overall positive nature of their emotional connections within the enclave, our model uncovers paradoxical and recursive outcomes. While place attachment promotes a sense of belonging within La Cuatro, these emotional bonds are deeply tied to broader experiences of social alienation in areas outside the enclave. This alienation stems from three primary factors: (1) legal status or lack thereof, (2) racialization, and (3) pervasive anti-immigrant socio-political ethos. We propose a recursive model of place attachment that considers social context to explain the placemaking processes of marginalized racial and ethnic groups in public social spaces. This model problematizes the experiences of marginalized communities, such as Mexican immigrants and their descendants, and provides a theoretical framework to examine the interplay between place and broader society.
地方依恋是人与地方之间的情感纽带,它促进了美国墨西哥人的幸福感和归属感。然而,以墨西哥人为研究对象的场所依恋研究并没有探讨场所营造的一个关键场所--民族飞地。因此,我们利用对美国墨西哥人进行的 20 次访谈,研究个人如何与加利福尼亚州的一个民族飞地 La Cuatro 建立密切联系。尽管他们在飞地内的情感联系总体上是积极的,但我们的模型发现了矛盾和递归的结果。虽然对地方的依恋促进了对 La Cuatro 的归属感,但这些情感纽带却与飞地以外地区更广泛的社会疏离体验紧密相连。这种疏离感主要源于三个因素:(1)合法身份或无合法身份,(2)种族化,(3)普遍存在的反移民社会政治风气。我们提出了一个场所依恋的递归模型,该模型考虑了社会背景,以解释边缘化种族和民族群体在公共社会空间的场所营造过程。该模型将墨西哥移民及其后裔等边缘化群体的经历问题化,并为研究场所与更广泛的社会之间的相互作用提供了一个理论框架。
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引用次数: 0
The Fragmented Labor Power Composition of Gig Workers: Entrepreneurial Tendency and the Heterogeneous Production of Difference 吉普赛工人的分散劳动力构成:创业倾向与差异的异质生产
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231216418
Olivia Maury
The literature on digital labor platforms requires a focus beyond techno-utopianism, foregrounding the role of living labor that materially sustains the fantasies of convenience ingrained in platform capitalism. The gig workers embodying living labor exhausted by location-dependent platform work are mainly migrants. Yet, greater understanding of the complexity of difference production and the gigification of work is needed. The article is prompted by the desire to understand the relationship between entrepreneurialized workers and heterogeneously produced differences within the labor power composition of gig workers active on location-based labor platforms. Drawing on ethnographic data produced together with migrant workers engaged in food delivery and cleaning gigs via labor platforms in Helsinki, the article first analyzes the organizing logic of gig work mediated via platforms through the notion of transversal entrepreneurial tendency, and second, the entwined forms of social, legal, and algorithmic difference produced among gig workers. The article argues that differentiation in labor power composition is dynamically related to the interactions required and facilitated by the platforms. The article contributes to discussions on entrepreneurialization in the contemporary world of work and the specific ways in which the social, legal, and algorithmic production of difference shape the constitutive hierarchies of platform labor.
关于数字劳动平台的文献需要超越技术乌托邦主义,强调活劳动的作用,因为它在物质上支撑着平台资本主义根深蒂固的便利幻想。依赖地点的平台工作使活劳动枯竭,而这些活劳动的体现者主要是移民。然而,我们需要更深入地了解差异生产和工作 "演出化 "的复杂性。本文旨在了解创业化工人与活跃在基于地点的劳动平台上的 "演出工人 "的劳动能力构成中异质性差异之间的关系。文章利用与在赫尔辛基通过劳动平台从事送餐和清洁工作的外来务工人员共同编制的人种学数据,首先通过横向创业倾向的概念分析了以平台为媒介的临时工的组织逻辑,其次分析了临时工之间产生的社会、法律和算法差异的纠缠形式。文章认为,劳动力构成的差异与平台所要求和促进的互动动态相关。文章有助于讨论当代工作世界中的创业化问题,以及社会、法律和算法产生的差异塑造平台劳工构成等级的具体方式。
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引用次数: 0
Book Reviews: Social Security in the Balkans – Volume 1. An Overview of Social Policy in Croatia, Albania, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Greece, Romania and Bulgaria by Marzena Żakowska and Dorota Domalewska 书评:巴尔干地区的社会保障--第一卷。克罗地亚、阿尔巴尼亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、希腊、罗马尼亚和保加利亚的社会政策概览》,Marzena Żakowska 和 Dorota Domalewska 著
IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1177/08969205231200950
Simon Grima
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引用次数: 0
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Critical Sociology
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