Anna B. Orlowska, Magdalena Rychlowska, P. Szarota, Eva G. Krumhuber
Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that people use various sources of information, including sensorimotor simulation and social context, while judging emotional displays. However, the evidence on how those factors can interplay is limited. The present research tested whether social context information has a greater impact on perceivers’ smile judgments when mimicry is experimentally restricted. In Study 1, participants watched images of affiliative smiles presented with verbal descriptions of situations associated with happiness or politeness. Half the participants could freely move their faces while rating the extent to which the smiles communicated affiliation, whereas for the other half mimicry was restricted via a pen-in-mouth procedure. As predicted, smiles were perceived as more affiliative when the social context was polite than when it was happy. Importantly, the effect of context information was significantly larger among participants who could not freely mimic the facial expressions. Study 2 replicated these findings, thereby controlling for empathy and mood, and showed that social context also influences smile discrimination. Together, the findings extend the evidence on the role of verbal information in the interpretation of facial expressions and suggest that mimicry importantly modulates the impact of social context information on smile perception.
{"title":"Facial Mimicry and Social Context Affect Smile Interpretation","authors":"Anna B. Orlowska, Magdalena Rychlowska, P. Szarota, Eva G. Krumhuber","doi":"10.31234/OSF.IO/34E5K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/34E5K","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that people use various sources of information, including sensorimotor simulation and social context, while judging emotional displays. However, the evidence on how those factors can interplay is limited. The present research tested whether social context information has a greater impact on perceivers’ smile judgments when mimicry is experimentally restricted. In Study 1, participants watched images of affiliative smiles presented with verbal descriptions of situations associated with happiness or politeness. Half the participants could freely move their faces while rating the extent to which the smiles communicated affiliation, whereas for the other half mimicry was restricted via a pen-in-mouth procedure. As predicted, smiles were perceived as more affiliative when the social context was polite than when it was happy. Importantly, the effect of context information was significantly larger among participants who could not freely mimic the facial expressions. Study 2 replicated these findings, thereby controlling for empathy and mood, and showed that social context also influences smile discrimination. Together, the findings extend the evidence on the role of verbal information in the interpretation of facial expressions and suggest that mimicry importantly modulates the impact of social context information on smile perception.","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43894293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-29DOI: 10.1007/s10919-021-00368-0
Zachary Witkower, J. Tracy, Anthea Pun, A. Baron
{"title":"Can Children Recognize Bodily Expressions of Emotion?","authors":"Zachary Witkower, J. Tracy, Anthea Pun, A. Baron","doi":"10.1007/s10919-021-00368-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-021-00368-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"45 1","pages":"505 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10919-021-00368-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Student Evaluations Fast and Slow: It's Time to Integrate Teachers' Nonverbal Behavior in Evaluations of Teaching Effectiveness","authors":"Elisha Y. Babad, Limor Sahar-Inbar, Ronen Hammer, Keren Turgeman-Lupo, Sharon Nessis","doi":"10.1007/s10919-021-00364-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-021-00364-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"45 1","pages":"321 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10919-021-00364-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41738851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-15DOI: 10.1007/s10919-021-00363-5
Cali Tyler, Sam Light, Anika Notthoff, Laura Cacciamani
{"title":"Eye Gaze During Controversial Conversations Depends on Agreement and Conversational Role","authors":"Cali Tyler, Sam Light, Anika Notthoff, Laura Cacciamani","doi":"10.1007/s10919-021-00363-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-021-00363-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"45 1","pages":"351 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10919-021-00363-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42041213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-08DOI: 10.1007/s10919-021-00361-7
Fuka Ichimura, Miho Moriwaki, Atsunori Ariga
{"title":"Romantic Bias in Judging the Attractiveness of Faces from the Back","authors":"Fuka Ichimura, Miho Moriwaki, Atsunori Ariga","doi":"10.1007/s10919-021-00361-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-021-00361-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"45 1","pages":"339 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10919-021-00361-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48649364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.1007/s10919-021-00360-8
M. Shirai, T. Soshi
{"title":"The Role of Bodily Expression in Memory Representations of Sadness","authors":"M. Shirai, T. Soshi","doi":"10.1007/s10919-021-00360-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-021-00360-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"45 1","pages":"367 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10919-021-00360-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43854873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-28DOI: 10.1007/s10919-020-00353-z
Tara Van Bommel, Sally K. Merritt, E. Shaffer, J. B. Ruscher
{"title":"Behavioral Mimicry and Interaction Expectations Influence Affect in Interracial Interactions","authors":"Tara Van Bommel, Sally K. Merritt, E. Shaffer, J. B. Ruscher","doi":"10.1007/s10919-020-00353-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-020-00353-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"74 15","pages":"207 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10919-020-00353-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41243859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s10919-020-00356-w
Ebru Pinar, Sumeyra Ozturk, F. N. Ketrez, Ş. Özçalışkan
{"title":"Parental Speech and Gesture Input to Girls Versus Boys in Singletons and Twins","authors":"Ebru Pinar, Sumeyra Ozturk, F. N. Ketrez, Ş. Özçalışkan","doi":"10.1007/s10919-020-00356-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-020-00356-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"45 1","pages":"297 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10919-020-00356-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44235493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-02DOI: 10.1007/s10919-020-00354-y
Valentina Cartei, Jane Oakhill, Alan Garnham, Robin Banerjee, David Reby
The adult voice is a strong bio-social marker for masculinity and femininity. In this study we investigated whether children make gender stereotypical judgments about adults’ occupational competence on the basis of their voice. Forty-eight 8- to 10- year olds were asked to rate the competence of adult voices that varied in vocal masculinity (by artificially manipulating voice pitch) and were randomly paired with 9 occupations (3 stereotypically male, 3 female, 3 gender-neutral). In line with gender stereotypes, children rated men as more competent for the male occupations and women as more competent for the female occupations. Moreover, children rated speakers of both sexes with feminine (high-pitched) voices as more competent for the female occupations. Finally, children rated men (but not women) with masculine (low-pitched) voices as more competent for stereotypically male occupations. Our results thus indicate that stereotypical voice-based judgments of occupational competence previously identified in adults are already present in children, and likely to affect how they consider adults and interact with them in their social environment.
{"title":"Voice Cues Influence Children’s Assessment of Adults’ Occupational Competence","authors":"Valentina Cartei, Jane Oakhill, Alan Garnham, Robin Banerjee, David Reby","doi":"10.1007/s10919-020-00354-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-020-00354-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The adult voice is a strong bio-social marker for masculinity and femininity. In this study we investigated whether children make gender stereotypical judgments about adults’ occupational competence on the basis of their voice. Forty-eight 8- to 10- year olds were asked to rate the competence of adult voices that varied in vocal masculinity (by artificially manipulating voice pitch) and were randomly paired with 9 occupations (3 stereotypically male, 3 female, 3 gender-neutral). In line with gender stereotypes, children rated men as more competent for the male occupations and women as more competent for the female occupations. Moreover, children rated speakers of both sexes with feminine (high-pitched) voices as more competent for the female occupations. Finally, children rated men (but not women) with masculine (low-pitched) voices as more competent for stereotypically male occupations. Our results thus indicate that stereotypical voice-based judgments of occupational competence previously identified in adults are already present in children, and likely to affect how they consider adults and interact with them in their social environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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