Health Care Management Review最新文献

Background: Community orientation, developed and fostered through partnerships between hospitals and community organizations, is a key approach for health care organizations to build deeper community ties. Such efforts are instrumental in building trust within the community, and one way for hospitals to do so is to develop a strong organizational equity orientation as a strategic priority.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the association between hospitals' organizational equity and community orientation using Moulton's publicness theory framework, which focuses on cultural-cognitive, regulative, and normative public value.

Methodology/approach: Using data from 2021 to 2022 American Hospital Association annual surveys and the 2018 Social Capital Project, a Poisson model with random effects was conducted to assess the association between hospitals' internal equity orientation and community orientation.

Results: Hospitals with higher organizational equity orientation were associated with an increased degree of community orientation (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.04, p < .001). Not-for-profit and public hospital ownership (IRR = 1.66 and 1.53, p < .001, respectively), teaching status ( IRR = 1.08, p < .001), The Joint Commission accreditation ( IRR = 1.07, p < .001), and higher social capital (IRR = 1.10, p < .05) were also associated with higher degree of community orientation.

Conclusions: As hospitals explore opportunities to reduce disparities and improve equity, they should focus on measuring and assessing organizational equity orientation at various levels, which can, in turn, offer an advantage in deepening community relationships.

Practice implications: With increasing emphasis from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services on health equity and community partnerships, hospitals prioritizing organizational equity in multiple ways may stand to benefit. By demonstrating a commitment to equity within the organizations, hospitals will be more likely to gain trust from community partners.

Background: Chief executive officer (CEO) turnover is especially frequent in hospitals and represents a critical organizational event, yet its predictors and effects remain poorly understood.

Purpose: We conducted a systematic review of the empirical literature on the predictors and effects of hospital CEO turnover worldwide to synthesize and assess the multiple findings scattered across studies.

Methodology: In this systematic review, 30 empirical studies published between 1987 and 2024 were identified from three databases: Business Source Complete, MEDLINE, and APA PsycInfo. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results: We found that the methodological quality of the studies was highly variable. Furthermore, we identified 46 unique predictors of hospital CEO turnover, including organizational, environmental, and personal characteristics, as well as characteristics related to prior performance. The findings regarding the effects of CEO turnover suggest that it can result in a temporary decline in financial performance and an elevated risk of organizational failure for hospitals.

Practice implications: Our results underscore that, in hospitals with a higher likelihood of CEO turnover, early and systematic succession planning is crucial to increase leadership stability, reduce recruitment costs, and ensure organizational resilience.

Background: Sharing health care assets promises to enhance asset utilization, increase efficiency, and reduce costs, but this tactic also might risk adverse patient outcomes. Identifying potential mitigation strategies thus represents a pressing research need.

Purposes: This study investigates the effects of sharing a health care asset on patients' perceptions, as well as how providing explanatory information might mitigate the negative effects of such sharing on patient outcomes.

Methodology/approach: Building on signaling theory and data gathered from a scenario-based experiment (n = 303 German participants), the authors perform regression analyses, in which trust in the physician and perceived risk represent mediators of the relationship between sharing a health care asset and patients' intentions to return. They also explore if physicians' explanatory information provision functions as a moderator.

Findings: Trust in the physician and perceived risk serially mediate the effect of sharing a health care asset on patients' intentions to return. Explanatory information provision can mitigate the negative effects of asset sharing on patients' trust in the physician.

Practice implications: Explanatory information provision is crucial for implementing shared asset use strategies in the health care sector, because it offers the potential to mitigate the negative effects of such uses on patient outcomes. Health care providers pursuing shared asset strategies should provide patients with clear information about the shared asset, to prevent adverse effects.

Background: Exploring the "wicked" problem of improving care for patients with complex care needs could benefit a large swath of health system stakeholders given the breadth and depth of this issue. Patients with complex health and social needs often require customized care that deviates from expected care trajectories. At Canadian Stroke Distinction sites, clinicians provide care for a high proportion of patients with complex needs while adhering to best practice recommendations.

Methods: We conducted an interpretive description study, which explored the perspectives of 16 stroke rehabilitation clinicians, four organizational key informants, and two health system key informants. We collected data via 45- to 60-minute virtual interviews and engaged in a hybrid inductive-deductive approach to analysis.

Results: We constructed three main themes: (a) recognizing complexity is routine work for clinicians, (b) clinicians use workarounds to manage complexity, and (c) clinicians perceived and worked to bridge a difference between organizational processes and the realities of patient care. When comparing clinician and key informant perspectives, we noted differences regarding their perceptions of the prevalence and nature of patient complexity. We developed the concept of "work-as-expected" as an intermediary to bridge the gap between the "work-as-imagined" and "work-as-done" framework.

Conclusion: We describe the strategies used by expert clinicians to continually manage care for a high proportion of patients with complex care needs. Although expert clinicians have developed effective workarounds, they experience significant moral distress when these strategies are unable to compensate for health system limitations.

Practice implications: A better understanding of how clinicians manage the needs of patients with complex care needs could support policymakers and organizational leaders to consider macro- and meso-level strategies to support the adaptive practices of clinicians.

Background: Evidence on effective interventions to reduce missed care is limited. While various strategies exist, proactive huddle intervention remains underexplored.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate proactive huddles as an effective process to reduce missed care in nursing wards. A secondary objective was to investigate the moderating effect of personal nurse accountability on the relationship between proactive huddles and missed care.

Methodology: A randomized controlled study was conducted in a medium-sized hospital, involving 180 nurses across six internal and four surgical wards.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to a 3-month intervention ( n = 85) and control ( n = 95) groups between March 2022 and May 2023. The intervention consisted of daily huddles, incorporating four key elements: status of tasks, potential delays, tasks that might not be completed, and assistance needed. The MISSCARE Survey (measured on three different occasions) and the 3D Accountability Questionnaire were assessed at baseline and immediately after the 3-month intervention.

Results: A total of 602 huddles, each lasting about 5 minutes, were included. Gaps were identified in 69% of huddles, with 57% resolved. The intervention group showed reduced missed nursing care compared to the control, with effectiveness moderated by personal accountability-benefiting nurses with lower accountability more.

Conclusions: Huddles require minimal resource investment to reduce missed nursing care, especially for nurses with lower personal accountability. Making huddles a standard practice can improve nursing care quality.

Practice implications: Nursing managers are encouraged to support consistently implementing huddles in hospital settings.

Background: Health care crises underscore the critical need to maintain a robust safety climate to prevent medical errors and improve patient outcomes. Leadership behaviors, particularly initiating structure and consideration, are vital in shaping safety climate. However, inconsistent findings have raised questions regarding the effectiveness of these behaviors in crisis contexts.

Purpose: This study examines how the initiating structure and consideration behaviors of clinical leaders influence safety climate during crises and explores the moderating role of leaders' affectivity in these relationships.

Methodology/approach: Empirical data were collected from 108 dyads of clinical leaders and their direct reports across 21 public hospitals in Thailand at three intervals over one year. The study employed growth modeling using random coefficient models to analyze the impact of leadership behaviors on safety climate, accounting for the nonindependence of observations over time and variations in leader affectivity.

Findings: The results show that the positive impact of consideration behaviors on safety climate diminishes during crises, whereas initiating structure plays a crucial role in enhancing safety climate by providing clarity and stability. Additionally, leaders' positive affectivity enhances the impact of consideration behaviors on safety climate, although this effect weakens as the crisis intensifies.

Practice implications: These findings highlight the need for clinical leaders to balance initiating structure with consideration to enhance safety climate during crises, while leveraging positive affectivity to integrate new information to stabilize safety practices and develop effective contingency responses to immediate needs.

Background: The Pennsylvania Rural Health Model (PARHM) was launched in 2019 to increase access to high-quality care, improve hospitals' financial stability, and better serve their communities by transitioning to value-based care.

Purpose: We examine the impact of participating in PARHM on hospitals' financial performance using agency theory as the theoretical foundation.

Methods: We analyzed retrospective data from 65 eligible acute care hospitals in rural Pennsylvania, spanning 2015-2022. Complete data sets were available for 61 hospitals from 2015 to 2020 and 57 hospitals from 2021 to 2022, totaling 480 hospital-year observations. We employed both traditional two-way fixed effects difference-in-differences and Callaway and Sant'Anna's difference-in-differences approach with multiple intervention periods for our analysis.

Results: Our findings indicate that PARHM was associated with improved financial outcomes for the participating hospitals, although these improvements were not statistically significant across the board. Statistical significance was observed only when comparing early participants (who joined in 2019) with late participants.

Conclusions: While PARHM has been associated with some financial improvements in the participating hospitals, overall enhancements cannot be conclusively determined due to confounding factors such as pandemic-related aid. Further research is necessary to evaluate the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of PARHM as more data become available.

Practice implications: Advocacy and additional state and federal policymaking are required to address the persistent equity issues in rural health care, increase funding for robust and adaptable health care infrastructure, and expand on current models and policies that have worked well for rural providers.

Background: Public reporting of home health care agencies' performance metrics, including patient satisfaction, care processes, and health outcomes, aims to inform customer decisions and encourage agencies to improve the quality of services. However, there is limited research that examines the heterogeneous performance of home health care agencies.

Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of home health care agencies by identifying distinct subgroups of agencies with similar performance profiles and describing the relationships between agency characteristics and such subgroups.

Methodology/approach: We propose a two-stage analytical approach employing unsupervised machine learning methods. First, clustering analysis is applied to performance measures, allowing the partitioning of agencies into homogeneous subgroups based on similarities in performance. Then, association rule mining is used to uncover the relationships between cluster assignments and agency characteristics.

Results: The two-stage analytical approach identified four clusters with significantly different performance profiles and agency characteristics: cost-efficient agencies with high patient satisfaction (Cluster 1), high-cost agencies with high-quality care (Cluster 2), urban agencies with low patient satisfaction (Cluster 3), and small agencies with low-quality care (Cluster 4).

Conclusion: This study contributes to understanding agency performance in the U.S. home health care industry. By identifying distinct subgroups of agencies and understanding the factors influencing their performance, we can enhance home health care services' overall quality and effectiveness.

Practice implications: Our study uncovered diverse performance profiles and associated characteristics among home health care agencies, highlighting the need for tailored strategies and targeted interventions to improve the quality of care across clusters. Health care administrators and policymakers should consider cluster-specific recommendations.

Background: An important aspect of value-based health care is providing care in an integrated practice unit (IPU). In an IPU, the full cycle of care for a specific medical condition is delivered through collaboration among professionals with diverse functional backgrounds. Although the proposed functioning of an IPU in the literature on value-based health care is based on assumptions about leadership, the role of leadership in the context of IPUs is overlooked in empirical studies.

Purpose: Drawing on previous studies on shared leadership in other organizational contexts, this paper explores the role of formal leadership in the emergence of shared leadership in IPUs.

Methodology/approach: To this end, we carried out a qualitative study in four IPUs in the Netherlands with differing formal leadership structures.

Results/conclusion: We found that, in an IPU, leadership is mainly exhibited by those in formal leadership positions. It also appeared that having one versus multiple formal leaders can influence the opportunities for other IPU members to demonstrate leadership and the extent to which IPU members feel the need to exercise leadership in IPUs.

Practice implications: We encourage staff managers and IPU members to define clear roles for leaders and establish a structured strategy for sharing information and resources, such as communication channels and regular feedback loops.

Background: Quality management has been established in health care organizations as an important management function for internal quality measurement and external quality reporting. Digitalization processes have recently gained momentum with uncertain outcomes for health care organizations, quality, and the role of quality management.

Purpose: We conduct a systematic review to answer the questions of how the introduction of digital technologies affects quality management as a management function, how quality management is affecting digitalization, which quality management topics are addressed, and which competencies are needed during digitalization.

Methods: Four databases were searched from 2000 to January 2022. Both empirical and conceptual articles reporting on digital technologies and quality management as a management function, quality reporting, or risk management were included. The studies included were analyzed based on the PICOS and PRISMA approaches.

Results: A total of 20 out of 662 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results show that both quality management as a management function as well as the digitalization of quality managements' own work processes are barely visible in the existing research. Only parts of the core tasks of quality management are discussed in connection with digitalization. Core competencies relevant for digitalization processes and quality management are identified.

Practice implications: Quality managers require knowledge of digital technologies in order to develop and implement them to support their own work processes and the work processes of health care organizations in general. Currently, research is not guiding this process, which makes it important for quality managers to be able to access local knowledge. In addition, professional associations should develop skill catalogs for quality management education.