Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2292528
Stacy H. Haynes, Eric G. Lambert, David C. May, Linda D. Keena, Matthew C. Leone
Correctional staff are a valuable resource for prisons. Nevertheless, they work in a unique environment characterized by numerous stressors that may affect them at work and at home. The literature ...
{"title":"Spillover of domains: testing the influence of work-family conflict on staff at a Southern U.S. prison","authors":"Stacy H. Haynes, Eric G. Lambert, David C. May, Linda D. Keena, Matthew C. Leone","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2292528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2292528","url":null,"abstract":"Correctional staff are a valuable resource for prisons. Nevertheless, they work in a unique environment characterized by numerous stressors that may affect them at work and at home. The literature ...","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2292505
Porche’ A.W. Okafor
Decades of sentencing research have demonstrated that there are disparities in sentencing outcomes based on race and ethnicity, sex, age, and racial/ethnic contexts, net of legally relevant factors...
{"title":"Punitive consequences of being a minority male: an analysis exploring intersectionality, racial/ethnic threat, and sentencing outcomes","authors":"Porche’ A.W. Okafor","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2292505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2292505","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of sentencing research have demonstrated that there are disparities in sentencing outcomes based on race and ethnicity, sex, age, and racial/ethnic contexts, net of legally relevant factors...","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a globalised world, investigators often interact with witnesses from diverse cultural backgrounds. To date, there is a wealth of research on the use of evidence-based practices to facilitate rec...
{"title":"Exploring cultural differences in eyewitness accounts using a self-administered reporting technique","authors":"Lorraine Hope, Feni Kontogianni, Joanne Rechdan, Lucy Tavitian-Emladjian, Noura Anwar Soubra, Dayana Mazen Abu Marak Brome, Violet Gibson, Nkansah Anakwah","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279330","url":null,"abstract":"In a globalised world, investigators often interact with witnesses from diverse cultural backgrounds. To date, there is a wealth of research on the use of evidence-based practices to facilitate rec...","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279327
Patrick Risan, Trond Myklebust, Ole Thomas Bjerknes, Gavin Oxburgh
The purpose of the study was to qualitatively explore how police investigators in Norway experience interviewing suspects. Specifically, we sought to investigate the relationship between theory (th...
{"title":"Police interviewers’ experiences of the Tactical Interview Model (TIM): an exploratory study of suspect interviewing in Norway","authors":"Patrick Risan, Trond Myklebust, Ole Thomas Bjerknes, Gavin Oxburgh","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279327","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to qualitatively explore how police investigators in Norway experience interviewing suspects. Specifically, we sought to investigate the relationship between theory (th...","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279335
Kimberley A. McClure, Dawn M. Sweet, Dominick J. Atkinson
The extent to which the American ‘Black criminal’ stereotype and nonverbal cues of aggression influences community perceptions of citizen-officer interactions was examined. In three experiments, us...
{"title":"Before and after George Floyd and Breonna Taylor: citizen perceptions of a ‘Reasonable Officer’","authors":"Kimberley A. McClure, Dawn M. Sweet, Dominick J. Atkinson","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279335","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which the American ‘Black criminal’ stereotype and nonverbal cues of aggression influences community perceptions of citizen-officer interactions was examined. In three experiments, us...","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279328
Gabi de Bruïne, Annelies Vredeveldt, Peter J. van Koppen
Asylum seekers typically have a different cultural background from the immigration officials interviewing and assessing their statements. Yet the role of culture in eliciting and evaluating asylum seekers’ statements has remained largely unexplored. This article addresses the intersection of memory and culture in the context of the asylum determination process. To that end, we draw on the literature on eyewitness memory, which has so far largely been studied separately from credibility assessments in asylum procedures. We integrate the academic literature on the two subjects by discussing memory aspects prone to cultural variations through the lens of credibility assessments in the asylum determination procedure. We highlight the need for further research, given that most studies on memory have involved participants from Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) societies, ignoring 88 per cent of the world population. More insight into cultural differences within memory and reporting will allow for the creation of culturally nuanced credibility assessment tools that better accommodate the majority of the world population.
{"title":"Culture and credibility: the assessment of asylum seekers’ statements","authors":"Gabi de Bruïne, Annelies Vredeveldt, Peter J. van Koppen","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279328","url":null,"abstract":"Asylum seekers typically have a different cultural background from the immigration officials interviewing and assessing their statements. Yet the role of culture in eliciting and evaluating asylum seekers’ statements has remained largely unexplored. This article addresses the intersection of memory and culture in the context of the asylum determination process. To that end, we draw on the literature on eyewitness memory, which has so far largely been studied separately from credibility assessments in asylum procedures. We integrate the academic literature on the two subjects by discussing memory aspects prone to cultural variations through the lens of credibility assessments in the asylum determination procedure. We highlight the need for further research, given that most studies on memory have involved participants from Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) societies, ignoring 88 per cent of the world population. More insight into cultural differences within memory and reporting will allow for the creation of culturally nuanced credibility assessment tools that better accommodate the majority of the world population.","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"74 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279337
Yueran Yang, Stephanie Madon, Jean J. Cabell, Sarah A. Kruger, Max Guyll
ABSTRACTPolice conduct pre-interrogation interviews with suspects whom they presume might be guilty. This research tested whether a presumption of guilt causes police to misclassify innocent suspects as guilty during pre-interrogation interviews by virtue of biasing their interpretation of suspects’ emotional states. In two experiments, college students (n = 33) and police officers (n = 33) each watched eight videos in which an experimenter interviewed a student who was either factually guilty or factually innocent of having cheated on a problem-solving task. After watching each video, participants reported their judgments of the interviewed student’s emotional state and guilt-status. The results indicated that both college students and police officers reported higher guilt judgments when they presumed the interviewed students to be guilty versus innocent. Additionally, participants’ perceptions of the interviewed students’ emotional states mediated this effect. Factual guilt-status did not influence judgments rendered by either college students or police officers. The results suggest that police may be susceptible to misclassifying innocent suspects as guilty when they hold a presumption of guilt at the outset of a pre-interrogation interview.KEYWORDS: pre-interrogation interviewconfirmation biasguilt judgmentpolice interrogation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author noteWe appreciate the support of the Scholarly and Creative Activities Grant from the University of Nevada, Reno for this research project. Portions of the findings were presented at annual meetings of the American Psychology-Law Society in Portland, Oregon in March 2019 and in New Orleans, Louisiana in March 2020. All data, materials, and analysis codes that support the research findings are openly available in the Center for Open Science at https://osf.io/3wuv4/. We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
{"title":"The effect of a presumption of guilt on police guilt judgments","authors":"Yueran Yang, Stephanie Madon, Jean J. Cabell, Sarah A. Kruger, Max Guyll","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2279337","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPolice conduct pre-interrogation interviews with suspects whom they presume might be guilty. This research tested whether a presumption of guilt causes police to misclassify innocent suspects as guilty during pre-interrogation interviews by virtue of biasing their interpretation of suspects’ emotional states. In two experiments, college students (n = 33) and police officers (n = 33) each watched eight videos in which an experimenter interviewed a student who was either factually guilty or factually innocent of having cheated on a problem-solving task. After watching each video, participants reported their judgments of the interviewed student’s emotional state and guilt-status. The results indicated that both college students and police officers reported higher guilt judgments when they presumed the interviewed students to be guilty versus innocent. Additionally, participants’ perceptions of the interviewed students’ emotional states mediated this effect. Factual guilt-status did not influence judgments rendered by either college students or police officers. The results suggest that police may be susceptible to misclassifying innocent suspects as guilty when they hold a presumption of guilt at the outset of a pre-interrogation interview.KEYWORDS: pre-interrogation interviewconfirmation biasguilt judgmentpolice interrogation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author noteWe appreciate the support of the Scholarly and Creative Activities Grant from the University of Nevada, Reno for this research project. Portions of the findings were presented at annual meetings of the American Psychology-Law Society in Portland, Oregon in March 2019 and in New Orleans, Louisiana in March 2020. All data, materials, and analysis codes that support the research findings are openly available in the Center for Open Science at https://osf.io/3wuv4/. We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"63 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2265527
Lynn Weiher, Steven James Watson, Paul J. Taylor, Kirk Luther
Information obtained from investigative interviews is crucial for police to develop leads, advance investigations and make effective decisions. One well-endorsed approach for eliciting detailed and accurate information is building rapport between the interviewer and interviewee. While familiarity and communicative tone are predicted determinants of rapport, the effects of repeated exposure to an interviewer, as well as interview framing, on rapport has rarely been tested. In two simulated suspect interview experiments, we tested whether established rapport is maintained during a second interview with the same interviewer (Experiment 1) and how accusatory and humanitarian interview framings impact the development of rapport (Experiment 2). We also tested, across both experiments, whether nonverbal mimicry can be a proxy for measuring rapport. We found evidence suggesting that rapport, once established, is carried over to subsequent meetings, and that it is possible to build rapport even when it was poorly established in the initial interview. We also found that an accusatory interview framing was associated with lower rapport than a humanitarian interview framing, and that interview framing affected nonverbal mimicry between interviewer and interviewee. Contrary to our expectations, mimicry did not correlate with an existing measure of rapport.
{"title":"How multiple interviews and interview framing influence the development and maintenance of rapport","authors":"Lynn Weiher, Steven James Watson, Paul J. Taylor, Kirk Luther","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2265527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2265527","url":null,"abstract":"Information obtained from investigative interviews is crucial for police to develop leads, advance investigations and make effective decisions. One well-endorsed approach for eliciting detailed and accurate information is building rapport between the interviewer and interviewee. While familiarity and communicative tone are predicted determinants of rapport, the effects of repeated exposure to an interviewer, as well as interview framing, on rapport has rarely been tested. In two simulated suspect interview experiments, we tested whether established rapport is maintained during a second interview with the same interviewer (Experiment 1) and how accusatory and humanitarian interview framings impact the development of rapport (Experiment 2). We also tested, across both experiments, whether nonverbal mimicry can be a proxy for measuring rapport. We found evidence suggesting that rapport, once established, is carried over to subsequent meetings, and that it is possible to build rapport even when it was poorly established in the initial interview. We also found that an accusatory interview framing was associated with lower rapport than a humanitarian interview framing, and that interview framing affected nonverbal mimicry between interviewer and interviewee. Contrary to our expectations, mimicry did not correlate with an existing measure of rapport.","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2219812
Jordan Tomkins, Lisa Tompson, Devon L. L. Polaschek
In relationships characterised by current or previous intimate partner violence (IPV), partner stalking is a commonly occurring phenomenon. In this study, we examined police-recorded partner stalking in IPV episode reports across 1150 cases to (a) consider the overlap between IPV and partner stalking, and the relevance of the aggressor and victim’s relationship phase to defining partner stalking; and (b) contribute empirical evidence about partner stalking prevalence rates and identification rates by police and victims. A secondary aim involved exploring possible differences between IPV cases with and without partner stalking. Although few police or victims explicitly used the label ‘stalking', we identified evidence of partner stalking within one in every seven IPV cases reported to New Zealand Police. Further, this study contributed novel analysis about relationship dynamics by adding an on–off relationship phase to the typically dichotomised categories of intact and separated relationships. In turn, we identified partner stalking relatively rarely within intact relationships; and significantly more frequently, and at similar rates, across both the separated and on–off relationship phases. Finally, we discuss implications for defining the overlap between IPV and partner stalking, police practice, and future research.
{"title":"Hiding in plain sight: identifying partner stalking in intimate partner violence episodes reported to New Zealand Police","authors":"Jordan Tomkins, Lisa Tompson, Devon L. L. Polaschek","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2219812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2219812","url":null,"abstract":"In relationships characterised by current or previous intimate partner violence (IPV), partner stalking is a commonly occurring phenomenon. In this study, we examined police-recorded partner stalking in IPV episode reports across 1150 cases to (a) consider the overlap between IPV and partner stalking, and the relevance of the aggressor and victim’s relationship phase to defining partner stalking; and (b) contribute empirical evidence about partner stalking prevalence rates and identification rates by police and victims. A secondary aim involved exploring possible differences between IPV cases with and without partner stalking. Although few police or victims explicitly used the label ‘stalking', we identified evidence of partner stalking within one in every seven IPV cases reported to New Zealand Police. Further, this study contributed novel analysis about relationship dynamics by adding an on–off relationship phase to the typically dichotomised categories of intact and separated relationships. In turn, we identified partner stalking relatively rarely within intact relationships; and significantly more frequently, and at similar rates, across both the separated and on–off relationship phases. Finally, we discuss implications for defining the overlap between IPV and partner stalking, police practice, and future research.","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135363574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2023.2210734
Verena A. Oberlader, Rainer Banse, Susanne Beier, Alexander F. Schmidt
Previous studies suggest that the process of becoming desistant from crime is accompanied by a shift from criminal to law-abiding identity and by the development of self-efficacy for law-abiding behavior. Utilizing self-report measures and an Implicit Association Test we predicted that a) a stronger law-abiding relative to criminal identity and a stronger/weaker self-efficacy for law-abiding/criminal behavior will correlate with lower actuarial recidivism risk at T1 and b) will explain variance in desistance two to three years later at T2. Results from a probation offender sample (N = 325) largely confirmed cross-sectional associations at T1. Univariately, self-reported and latency-based measured identity for law-abiding relative to criminal behavior explained variance in (survival time until) recidivism at T2 as opposed to self-efficacy for law-abiding or criminal behavior. Multivariately, self-reported law-abiding relative to criminal identity explained variance in survival time until recidivism beyond actuarial recidivism risk at T2. Further analyses showed that actuarial recidivism risk increasingly overestimated the risk to reoffend as the strength of law-abiding relative to criminal identity increased. The findings indicate that the strength of law-abiding relative to criminal identity plays a role in persisting in or desisting from criminal behavior. Yet, further research is necessary to identify the causal psychological mechanisms.
{"title":"Law-abiding versus criminal identity and self-efficacy: a quantitative approach to unravel psychological factors supporting desistance from crime","authors":"Verena A. Oberlader, Rainer Banse, Susanne Beier, Alexander F. Schmidt","doi":"10.1080/1068316x.2023.2210734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2023.2210734","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies suggest that the process of becoming desistant from crime is accompanied by a shift from criminal to law-abiding identity and by the development of self-efficacy for law-abiding behavior. Utilizing self-report measures and an Implicit Association Test we predicted that a) a stronger law-abiding relative to criminal identity and a stronger/weaker self-efficacy for law-abiding/criminal behavior will correlate with lower actuarial recidivism risk at T1 and b) will explain variance in desistance two to three years later at T2. Results from a probation offender sample (N = 325) largely confirmed cross-sectional associations at T1. Univariately, self-reported and latency-based measured identity for law-abiding relative to criminal behavior explained variance in (survival time until) recidivism at T2 as opposed to self-efficacy for law-abiding or criminal behavior. Multivariately, self-reported law-abiding relative to criminal identity explained variance in survival time until recidivism beyond actuarial recidivism risk at T2. Further analyses showed that actuarial recidivism risk increasingly overestimated the risk to reoffend as the strength of law-abiding relative to criminal identity increased. The findings indicate that the strength of law-abiding relative to criminal identity plays a role in persisting in or desisting from criminal behavior. Yet, further research is necessary to identify the causal psychological mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":47845,"journal":{"name":"Psychology Crime & Law","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136041300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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