{"title":"How the potato changed the world's history.","authors":"W H McNeill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40163388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511624643.014
H. Frankfurt
/. 1. let me begin with a preliminary caution, and with a statement of intent. I propose to deal here with issues that pertain to the alleged moral value of equality. So far as I am aware, nothing that I shall say concerning these issues implies anything of substance as to the kinds of social or political policies that it may be desirable to pursue or to avoid. My discussion is motivated exclusively by conceptual or analytic concerns. It is not inspired or shaped by any social ideology or political interest. 2. I categorically reject the presumption that egalitarianism, of whatever variety, is an ideal of any intrinsic moral importance. This emphatically does not mean that I am inclined generally to endorse or to be indifferent to prevailing inequalities, or that I oppose efforts to eliminate them. In fact, I support many such efforts. What leads me to support them, however, is not a conviction that equality of some kind is morally desirable for its own sake and that certain egalitarian goals are therefore inherently worthy. Rather, it is a more contingent and pragmatically grounded belief that in many circumstances greater equality of one sort or another would facilitate the pursuit of other socially desirable aims. So far as equality as such is concerned, I am convinced that it has no inherent or underived moral value at all.1
{"title":"Equality and Respect","authors":"H. Frankfurt","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511624643.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511624643.014","url":null,"abstract":"/. 1. let me begin with a preliminary caution, and with a statement of intent. I propose to deal here with issues that pertain to the alleged moral value of equality. So far as I am aware, nothing that I shall say concerning these issues implies anything of substance as to the kinds of social or political policies that it may be desirable to pursue or to avoid. My discussion is motivated exclusively by conceptual or analytic concerns. It is not inspired or shaped by any social ideology or political interest. 2. I categorically reject the presumption that egalitarianism, of whatever variety, is an ideal of any intrinsic moral importance. This emphatically does not mean that I am inclined generally to endorse or to be indifferent to prevailing inequalities, or that I oppose efforts to eliminate them. In fact, I support many such efforts. What leads me to support them, however, is not a conviction that equality of some kind is morally desirable for its own sake and that certain egalitarian goals are therefore inherently worthy. Rather, it is a more contingent and pragmatically grounded belief that in many circumstances greater equality of one sort or another would facilitate the pursuit of other socially desirable aims. So far as equality as such is concerned, I am convinced that it has no inherent or underived moral value at all.1","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57083326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.2979/JSS.1998.4.2.157
S. Gilman
L'A. decrit de quelle maniere les juifs dans l'Europe du 19 e siecle et de la premiere moitie du 20 e siecle etaient associes a certaines formes de deviance comme a la folie. Il souligne que l'endogamie au sein de la communaute juive a encourage l'idee selon laquelle l'inceste entre freres et soeurs etaient une pratique courante dans cette communaute. Il met en exergue le fait que les juifs etait ordinairement suspectes d'hyper-sexualite. Il presente et examine les representations des juifs dans l'oeuvre de Richard Wagner et dans le roman de Thomas Mann «Mort a Venise»
{"title":"Sibling incest, madness, and the Jews","authors":"S. Gilman","doi":"10.2979/JSS.1998.4.2.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/JSS.1998.4.2.157","url":null,"abstract":"L'A. decrit de quelle maniere les juifs dans l'Europe du 19 e siecle et de la premiere moitie du 20 e siecle etaient associes a certaines formes de deviance comme a la folie. Il souligne que l'endogamie au sein de la communaute juive a encourage l'idee selon laquelle l'inceste entre freres et soeurs etaient une pratique courante dans cette communaute. Il met en exergue le fait que les juifs etait ordinairement suspectes d'hyper-sexualite. Il presente et examine les representations des juifs dans l'oeuvre de Richard Wagner et dans le roman de Thomas Mann «Mort a Venise»","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69770131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0020
Roald Hoffman, P. Laszlo
Les AA. portent leur attention sur le langage scientifique. Ils mettent en exergue la dimension anthropomorphique de tout langage qui s'efforce de rendre compte des phenomenes naturels. Ils affirment que toute tentative pour mieux comprendre la nature conduit a la personnification de cette derniere. Ils mettent en parallele l'activite scientifique et l'ecriture poetique. Ils estiment que toutes deux doivent etre concues comme des conversations avec la nature. Ils evoquent le role du symbolisme et des images dans le langage propre a la chimie. Ils comparent les vues de Priestley et celles de Lavoisier concernant la nature des corps chimiques. Ils tentent d'identifier ce qui n'est pas admis dans le cadre d'une conversation scientifique.
{"title":"The say of things","authors":"Roald Hoffman, P. Laszlo","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Les AA. portent leur attention sur le langage scientifique. Ils mettent en exergue la dimension anthropomorphique de tout langage qui s'efforce de rendre compte des phenomenes naturels. Ils affirment que toute tentative pour mieux comprendre la nature conduit a la personnification de cette derniere. Ils mettent en parallele l'activite scientifique et l'ecriture poetique. Ils estiment que toutes deux doivent etre concues comme des conversations avec la nature. Ils evoquent le role du symbolisme et des images dans le langage propre a la chimie. Ils comparent les vues de Priestley et celles de Lavoisier concernant la nature des corps chimiques. Ils tentent d'identifier ce qui n'est pas admis dans le cadre d'une conversation scientifique.","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61549129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511581717.010
J. Goldfarb
L'A. retrace l'histoire de la notion de «main invisible» elaboree par A. Smith. Il souligne l'influence de la Philosophie des lumieres ecossaise, en ce domaine, et notamment celle des travaux de D. Hume et d'A. Ferguson. Il evoque les analyses de l'ordre social de B. de Mandeville. Il met en parallele les conceptions de F. A. von Hayek et celles de D. Hume, concernant les limites de la raison humaine. Il compare la vision de l'«ordre moral» chez von Hayek et chez les philosophes ecossais des lumieres. Il s'attache a caracteriser la vision evolutionniste de l'ordre social, politique et economique developpee par von Hayek. Il montre que cette derniere fait intervenir la main invisible
那样。追溯了A.斯密“看不见的手”概念的历史。他强调了苏格兰光哲学在这一领域的影响，特别是休谟和a。弗格森。它唤起了B. de Mandeville对社会秩序的分析。他将f·a·冯·哈耶克关于人类理性极限的观点与d·休谟的观点进行了比较。他比较了冯·哈耶克和苏格兰启蒙哲学家对“道德秩序”的看法。它试图描述哈耶克对社会、政治和经济秩序的进化论观点。这表明后者涉及到看不见的手
{"title":"Civility and Subversion: Why is there no feminism after communism?","authors":"J. Goldfarb","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511581717.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511581717.010","url":null,"abstract":"L'A. retrace l'histoire de la notion de «main invisible» elaboree par A. Smith. Il souligne l'influence de la Philosophie des lumieres ecossaise, en ce domaine, et notamment celle des travaux de D. Hume et d'A. Ferguson. Il evoque les analyses de l'ordre social de B. de Mandeville. Il met en parallele les conceptions de F. A. von Hayek et celles de D. Hume, concernant les limites de la raison humaine. Il compare la vision de l'«ordre moral» chez von Hayek et chez les philosophes ecossais des lumieres. Il s'attache a caracteriser la vision evolutionniste de l'ordre social, politique et economique developpee par von Hayek. Il montre que cette derniere fait intervenir la main invisible","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/CBO9780511581717.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57072966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691148403.003.0025
A. Ryan
L'A. examine de quelle maniere les pragmatistes envisagent les phenomenes identitaires. Il examine de facon critique les analyses de J. Dewey concernant l'identite americaine. Il evoque ensuite celles de H. Croly en ce domaine. Il etudie le rapport entre perspective sociologique et philosophique en ce qui concerne l'approche des processus identitaires. Il s'interesse aux successeurs de Dewey et plus particulierement aux travaux de R. Rorty
{"title":"Pragmatism, social identity, patriotism, and self-criticism","authors":"A. Ryan","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691148403.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691148403.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"L'A. examine de quelle maniere les pragmatistes envisagent les phenomenes identitaires. Il examine de facon critique les analyses de J. Dewey concernant l'identite americaine. Il evoque ensuite celles de H. Croly en ce domaine. Il etudie le rapport entre perspective sociologique et philosophique en ce qui concerne l'approche des processus identitaires. Il s'interesse aux successeurs de Dewey et plus particulierement aux travaux de R. Rorty","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68775342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-01-01DOI: 10.1215/9780822383345-003
T. Asad
Cette reflexion sur la methodologie de la representation ethnographique ne remet pas en cause les methodes qualitatives et quantitatives utilisees pour connaitre la verite sociale, mais pose plutot le probleme de la representation en termes de recherches sur le terrain et aux moyens de comparer ce mode d'enquete avec la representation en statistiques sociales. L'A. s'interesse egalement aux implications politiques de cette nuance et au role joue par les representations statistiques dans la creation du monde du pouvoir moderne dans lequel habitent les anthropologues
{"title":"Ethnographic representation, statistics and modern power","authors":"T. Asad","doi":"10.1215/9780822383345-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822383345-003","url":null,"abstract":"Cette reflexion sur la methodologie de la representation ethnographique ne remet pas en cause les methodes qualitatives et quantitatives utilisees pour connaitre la verite sociale, mais pose plutot le probleme de la representation en termes de recherches sur le terrain et aux moyens de comparer ce mode d'enquete avec la representation en statistiques sociales. L'A. s'interesse egalement aux implications politiques de cette nuance et au role joue par les representations statistiques dans la creation du monde du pouvoir moderne dans lequel habitent les anthropologues","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66038301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X OLiTiCAL science is a very trendy discipline. Few books or articles are cited a decade, let alone a generation, after they are written. When scholars die, their ideas often die with them, although they may be reinvented later and trumpeted as new. Hans Morgenthau is a rare, if partial, exception to this generalization. Students still read his work, especially but not exclusively Politics Among Nations which to a large degree made the field; scholars still cite his work, even if they have not read it recently or carefully and even if their main objective is to attack it; and, perhaps more importantly, there is much to be gained by re-reading his books and thinking about what he has to say. Morgenthau wrote too much for me to even attempt a summary, and, like any subtle and supple thinker, he voiced too many contradictions to permit ready distillations. As both a detached scholar and a passionate observer of world politics, Morgenthau sought to have his general philosophy guide his views on specific issues and yet to remain open enough to allow his observations of the wisdom and folly- usually the latter- around him alter some of his most deeply-held beliefs. In a world in which scholarship and public policy are increasingly separate, in which highest academic prestige goes to those who construct the most abstract and apparently
{"title":"Hans Morgenthau, Realism, and the Scientific Study of International Politics","authors":"Robert Jervis","doi":"10.7916/D8BP01PD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7916/D8BP01PD","url":null,"abstract":"X OLiTiCAL science is a very trendy discipline. Few books or articles are cited a decade, let alone a generation, after they are written. When scholars die, their ideas often die with them, although they may be reinvented later and trumpeted as new. Hans Morgenthau is a rare, if partial, exception to this generalization. Students still read his work, especially but not exclusively Politics Among Nations which to a large degree made the field; scholars still cite his work, even if they have not read it recently or carefully and even if their main objective is to attack it; and, perhaps more importantly, there is much to be gained by re-reading his books and thinking about what he has to say. Morgenthau wrote too much for me to even attempt a summary, and, like any subtle and supple thinker, he voiced too many contradictions to permit ready distillations. As both a detached scholar and a passionate observer of world politics, Morgenthau sought to have his general philosophy guide his views on specific issues and yet to remain open enough to allow his observations of the wisdom and folly- usually the latter- around him alter some of his most deeply-held beliefs. In a world in which scholarship and public policy are increasingly separate, in which highest academic prestige goes to those who construct the most abstract and apparently","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71365323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9780203783573-15
D. King, M. Wertheimer, H. Keller, Kevin Crochetiere
L'A. mesure l'influence de la pensee de M. Wertheimer sur la reception et l'enseignement de la gestalt psychologie a la New School for Social Research. Applique a l'art et a la musique, a l'etude de la personnalite et au domaine de la psychotherapie, le modele gestalt a d'enormes implications pour l'education, pour le developpement de la psychologie sociale, de la neuroscience et de la psychologie cognitive
{"title":"The legacy of Max Wertheimer and Gestalt psychology","authors":"D. King, M. Wertheimer, H. Keller, Kevin Crochetiere","doi":"10.4324/9780203783573-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203783573-15","url":null,"abstract":"L'A. mesure l'influence de la pensee de M. Wertheimer sur la reception et l'enseignement de la gestalt psychologie a la New School for Social Research. Applique a l'art et a la musique, a l'etude de la personnalite et au domaine de la psychotherapie, le modele gestalt a d'enormes implications pour l'education, pour le developpement de la psychologie sociale, de la neuroscience et de la psychologie cognitive","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70593379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the structure of knowledge, abilities and skills. There are some types of knowledge/ability/skill that cannot be transferred simply by passing signals from one brain/computer to another. In these types of knowledge the hardware is important. There are other types of knowledge that can be transferred without worrying about hardware. There are four kinds of knowledge/abilities/skills. These are symbol-type knowledge, embodied knowledge, embrained knowledge and encultured knowledge. The Turing Test is a controlled experiment. Exactly what intelligence means under this approach depends upon how the test is set up. Under the extended protocol, the Turing Test becomes a test of membership...
{"title":"The structure of knowledge","authors":"H. M. Collins","doi":"10.4324/9781315889443-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315889443-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the structure of knowledge, abilities and skills. There are some types of knowledge/ability/skill that cannot be transferred simply by passing signals from one brain/computer to another. In these types of knowledge the hardware is important. There are other types of knowledge that can be transferred without worrying about hardware. There are four kinds of knowledge/abilities/skills. These are symbol-type knowledge, embodied knowledge, embrained knowledge and encultured knowledge. The Turing Test is a controlled experiment. Exactly what intelligence means under this approach depends upon how the test is set up. Under the extended protocol, the Turing Test becomes a test of membership...","PeriodicalId":47854,"journal":{"name":"Social Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70459791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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