This study examines racial disparities in the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States, focusing on factors influencing infection and mortality rates at the county level. We find compelling evidence of disproportionate effects on ethnic minority groups, particularly Blacks, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans. Additionally, socioeconomic variables including income inequality, residential segregation and lack of health insurance coverage are identified as significant contributors to these disparities. Notably, our analysis reveals a diminishing trend in disparities over time, suggesting possible effectiveness of policy responses and/or differential preventive behaviors across racial groups. Finally, the paper identifies several mediating channels through which socioeconomic variables contribute to overall disparities.
{"title":"The color of coronavirus","authors":"Cong S. Pham, Devashish Mitra","doi":"10.1002/soej.12721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12721","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines racial disparities in the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States, focusing on factors influencing infection and mortality rates at the county level. We find compelling evidence of disproportionate effects on ethnic minority groups, particularly Blacks, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans. Additionally, socioeconomic variables including income inequality, residential segregation and lack of health insurance coverage are identified as significant contributors to these disparities. Notably, our analysis reveals a diminishing trend in disparities over time, suggesting possible effectiveness of policy responses and/or differential preventive behaviors across racial groups. Finally, the paper identifies several mediating channels through which socioeconomic variables contribute to overall disparities.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"1240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When user error calls for a product redesign: Poverty in the United States","authors":"Gary A. Hoover","doi":"10.1002/soej.12726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Stratmann, Markus Bjoerkheim, Christopher Koopman
In many states, Certificate‐of‐Need (CON) laws prevent ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) from entering the market or expanding their services. This paper estimates the causal effects of state ASC‐CON law repeal on the accessibility of medical services statewide, as well as for rural areas. Our findings show that CON law repeals increase ASCs per capita by 44%–47% statewide and 92%–112% in rural areas. Repealing ASC‐CON laws causes a continuous increase in ASCs per capita, an effect which levels off 10 years after repeal. Contrary to the “cream‐skimming” hypothesis, we find no evidence that CON repeal is associated with hospital closures in rural areas. Rather, some regression models show that repeal is associated with fewer medical service reductions.
{"title":"The causal effect of repealing Certificate‐of‐Need laws for ambulatory surgical centers: Does access to medical services increase?","authors":"Thomas Stratmann, Markus Bjoerkheim, Christopher Koopman","doi":"10.1002/soej.12710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12710","url":null,"abstract":"In many states, Certificate‐of‐Need (CON) laws prevent ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) from entering the market or expanding their services. This paper estimates the causal effects of state ASC‐CON law repeal on the accessibility of medical services statewide, as well as for rural areas. Our findings show that CON law repeals increase ASCs per capita by 44%–47% statewide and 92%–112% in rural areas. Repealing ASC‐CON laws causes a continuous increase in ASCs per capita, an effect which levels off 10 years after repeal. Contrary to the “cream‐skimming” hypothesis, we find no evidence that CON repeal is associated with hospital closures in rural areas. Rather, some regression models show that repeal is associated with fewer medical service reductions.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonios M. Koumpias, Charles Courtemanche, Jordan W. Jones, Daniela Zapata
This paper examines the impact of Medicaid expansions to parents and childless adults on adult mortality. Specifically, we evaluate the long‐run effects of eight state Medicaid expansions from 1994 through 2005 on all‐cause, healthcare‐amenable, non‐healthcare‐amenable, and HIV‐related mortality rates using state‐level data. We utilize the synthetic control method to estimate effects for each treated state separately and the generalized synthetic control method to estimate average effects across all treated states. Using a 5% significance level, we find no evidence that Medicaid expansions affect any of the outcomes in any of the treated states or all of them combined. Moreover, there is no clear pattern in the signs of the estimated treatment effects. These findings imply that evidence that pre‐ACA Medicaid expansions to adults saved lives is not as clear as previously suggested.
本文研究了向父母和无子女成年人扩大《医疗补助计划》对成人死亡率的影响。具体而言，我们使用州级数据评估了 1994 年至 2005 年期间八个州的医疗补助扩展对全因死亡率、可接受医疗保健服务死亡率、不可接受医疗保健服务死亡率和 HIV 相关死亡率的长期影响。我们利用合成控制法分别估算了每个受惠州的影响，并利用广义合成控制法估算了所有受惠州的平均影响。在 5%的显著性水平下，我们没有发现任何证据表明医疗补助计划的扩大影响了任何一个受治疗州或所有受治疗州的任何结果。此外，估计的治疗效果的符号也没有明显的模式。这些研究结果表明，《美国医疗补助法案》实施前扩大成人医疗补助范围挽救了生命的证据并不像之前所说的那样明确。
{"title":"Revisiting the connection between state Medicaid expansions and adult mortality","authors":"Antonios M. Koumpias, Charles Courtemanche, Jordan W. Jones, Daniela Zapata","doi":"10.1002/soej.12719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12719","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of Medicaid expansions to parents and childless adults on adult mortality. Specifically, we evaluate the long‐run effects of eight state Medicaid expansions from 1994 through 2005 on all‐cause, healthcare‐amenable, non‐healthcare‐amenable, and HIV‐related mortality rates using state‐level data. We utilize the synthetic control method to estimate effects for each treated state separately and the generalized synthetic control method to estimate average effects across all treated states. Using a 5% significance level, we find no evidence that Medicaid expansions affect any of the outcomes in any of the treated states or all of them combined. Moreover, there is no clear pattern in the signs of the estimated treatment effects. These findings imply that evidence that pre‐ACA Medicaid expansions to adults saved lives is not as clear as previously suggested.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"354 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most sophisticated monetary and banking policy advice available in the decades after 1776 was found in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. Smith recommended free competition among nationwide banks of issue with minimal legal restrictions and no legal privileges. Yet neither Alexander Hamilton nor Thomas Jefferson accepted Smith's recommendation, despite their familiarity with his arguments, and despite Scotland's positive experience while following it. We spell out Hamilton's and Jefferson's theoretical disagreements, and explain how Smith's advice did not serve either founder's political agenda. For Hamilton, competitive banking without a single privileged national bank would not do enough to strengthen the federal government. For Jefferson, any federal chartering of banks would strengthen the federal government too much at the expense of the states.
{"title":"How Adam Smith's banking views influenced Hamilton, Jefferson, and the debate over the Bank of the United States","authors":"Nicholas A. Curott, Lawrence H. White","doi":"10.1002/soej.12716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12716","url":null,"abstract":"The most sophisticated monetary and banking policy advice available in the decades after 1776 was found in Adam Smith's <jats:italic>Wealth of Nations</jats:italic>. Smith recommended free competition among nationwide banks of issue with minimal legal restrictions and no legal privileges. Yet neither Alexander Hamilton nor Thomas Jefferson accepted Smith's recommendation, despite their familiarity with his arguments, and despite Scotland's positive experience while following it. We spell out Hamilton's and Jefferson's theoretical disagreements, and explain how Smith's advice did not serve either founder's political agenda. For Hamilton, competitive banking without a single privileged national bank would not do enough to strengthen the federal government. For Jefferson, any federal chartering of banks would strengthen the federal government too much at the expense of the states.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the 1970s, economists have regularly documented that women tend to underperform otherwise comparable men in introductory economics courses. Hypotheses as to why this finding is so persistent often target economists' pedagogical practices. In this paper, we leverage the changes forced by the COVID‐19 pandemic to explore several hypotheses. Leveraging a sample of more than 3000 students enrolled in introductory micro‐ and introductory macroeconomics across seven semesters, we examine the interaction between gender and course modality, returns to effort, and the composition of the final grade. We find the size of the gender performance gap, as measured by course grade, fluctuated significantly across pre‐, during, and post‐pandemic semesters. We conclude this variation is not explained by course modality or student effort measures; instead, we argue that assessment strategy may drive much of the gender gap. This suggests the de‐emphasis of multiple‐choice exams in grade composition may go a significant way to closing the gender gap in introductory economics performance.
{"title":"Pedagogical practices and the gender gap in economics education","authors":"Bryan Engelhardt, Marianne Johnson, Sarinda Siemers","doi":"10.1002/soej.12718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12718","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1970s, economists have regularly documented that women tend to underperform otherwise comparable men in introductory economics courses. Hypotheses as to why this finding is so persistent often target economists' pedagogical practices. In this paper, we leverage the changes forced by the COVID‐19 pandemic to explore several hypotheses. Leveraging a sample of more than 3000 students enrolled in introductory micro‐ and introductory macroeconomics across seven semesters, we examine the interaction between gender and course modality, returns to effort, and the composition of the final grade. We find the size of the gender performance gap, as measured by course grade, fluctuated significantly across pre‐, during, and post‐pandemic semesters. We conclude this variation is not explained by course modality or student effort measures; instead, we argue that assessment strategy may drive much of the gender gap. This suggests the de‐emphasis of multiple‐choice exams in grade composition may go a significant way to closing the gender gap in introductory economics performance.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The U.S. health care system is often criticized for being the most expensive in the world while delivering mediocre health outcomes. While policymakers on both the right and left agree about the need for reform, they disagree strongly about whether that reform should involve a smaller role for government or a larger role. At the same time, the U.S.’ high costs and mediocre health outcomes likely are at least partly attributable to lifestyle choices that occur outside of the health care system, creating another possible avenue for intervention. This introduction to the symposium on “Free Markets and Health Care” discusses how welfare economics provides a useful tool in evaluating the appropriateness of government involvement in markets related to health and health care. The papers in the symposium provide important new evidence to help inform debates about, for instance, regulations on health care providers and insurers, health insurance expansions, and policies designed to influence health behaviors.
{"title":"Free Markets and Health Care: Lessons from Welfare Economics","authors":"Charles Courtemanche","doi":"10.1002/soej.12720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12720","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. health care system is often criticized for being the most expensive in the world while delivering mediocre health outcomes. While policymakers on both the right and left agree about the need for reform, they disagree strongly about whether that reform should involve a smaller role for government or a larger role. At the same time, the U.S.’ high costs and mediocre health outcomes likely are at least partly attributable to lifestyle choices that occur outside of the health care system, creating another possible avenue for intervention. This introduction to the symposium on “Free Markets and Health Care” discusses how welfare economics provides a useful tool in evaluating the appropriateness of government involvement in markets related to health and health care. The papers in the symposium provide important new evidence to help inform debates about, for instance, regulations on health care providers and insurers, health insurance expansions, and policies designed to influence health behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although Milton Friedman's mid‐1970s involvement with Pinochet's Chile has generated much controversy, the claim that James M. Buchanan was similarly eager to provide Pinochet's military dictatorship with early 1980s policy advice is increasingly reported as an established fact in the vast scholarly literature on neoliberalism. This article invokes a wealth of previously ignored primary source material that sheds significant new light on Buchanan's early 1980s involvement with Chile. In particular, we evaluate whether Buchanan's May 1980 visit to Chile was an integral part of the Pinochet junta's late 1970s and early 1980s efforts to draft a new constitution. Similarly, we evaluate whether Buchanan's ideas had any significant influence on the views of Pedro Ibáñez and Carlos Cáceres (the most anti‐democratic members of Pinochet's Council of State and the primary hosts of Buchanan's May 1980 visit to Chile). Finally, we shed important new light on Buchanan's participation in the highly controversial late 1981 Mont Pèlerin Society meeting in Chile.
{"title":"Who is to put the bell on the cat? Democracy, dictatorship, and James M. Buchanan's early 1980s involvement with Pinochet's Chile","authors":"Andrew Farrant, Vlad Tarko","doi":"10.1002/soej.12717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12717","url":null,"abstract":"Although Milton Friedman's mid‐1970s involvement with Pinochet's Chile has generated much controversy, the claim that James M. Buchanan was similarly eager to provide Pinochet's military dictatorship with early 1980s policy advice is increasingly reported as an established fact in the vast scholarly literature on neoliberalism. This article invokes a wealth of previously ignored primary source material that sheds significant new light on Buchanan's early 1980s involvement with Chile. In particular, we evaluate whether Buchanan's May 1980 visit to Chile was an integral part of the Pinochet junta's late 1970s and early 1980s efforts to draft a new constitution. Similarly, we evaluate whether Buchanan's ideas had any significant influence on the views of Pedro Ibáñez and Carlos Cáceres (the most anti‐democratic members of Pinochet's Council of State and the primary hosts of Buchanan's May 1980 visit to Chile). Finally, we shed important new light on Buchanan's participation in the highly controversial late 1981 Mont Pèlerin Society meeting in Chile.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A well‐established literature documents the role of outsourcing and technological change in explaining the growing skills premium in the U.S. economy from the 1970s through the late 1990s. In the 1980s labor's share of income relative to capital also began to decline. These two trends continue through the great recession. Separate literatures identify different reasons for the change in the skills premium and the decline in labor's share. This article considers the explanations for these two phenomena in a unified framework. The analysis is based on U.S. manufacturing data from 2002 through 2017, a period when there were significant shifts in the rate of growth in outsourcing and market concentration.
{"title":"The skilled worker premium and labor's share of income: Recent trends in U.S. manufacturing","authors":"Norman Sedgley, Bruce Elmslie","doi":"10.1002/soej.12713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12713","url":null,"abstract":"A well‐established literature documents the role of outsourcing and technological change in explaining the growing skills premium in the U.S. economy from the 1970s through the late 1990s. In the 1980s labor's share of income relative to capital also began to decline. These two trends continue through the great recession. Separate literatures identify different reasons for the change in the skills premium and the decline in labor's share. This article considers the explanations for these two phenomena in a unified framework. The analysis is based on U.S. manufacturing data from 2002 through 2017, a period when there were significant shifts in the rate of growth in outsourcing and market concentration.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applications of two‐stage M‐estimators (2SMEs) abound in empirical economics. Asymptotic theory for 2SMEs (correct formulation of the asymptotic standard errors [ASE]) has been available for decades. Nevertheless, due to the daunting nature of the requisite matrix formulations, when conducting statistical inference based on two‐stage estimates, applied researchers often implement bootstrapping methods or ignore the two‐stage nature of the estimator and report the uncorrected second‐stage outputs from packaged statistical software. In the present paper, we offer teachers of econometrics a pedagogical approach for introducing Ph.D. students to asymptotic inference for 2SMEs, with a view toward easier software implementation and empirical application. We seek to demonstrate to students (and their teachers) that the analytic and coding demands for calculating correct ASEs for the 2SME need not be burdensome (or prohibitive). The main instructional (and practical) innovation that we offer in this regard is our suggested use of numerical derivative (ND) software for calculating the most challenging components of the ASE formulations. An exercise demonstrates to the student that, by implementing ND software, one can overcome the analytic and coding impediments to conducting inference based on 2SMEs, without abandoning rigor.
两阶段 M-估计器（2SME）在实证经济学中的应用比比皆是。两阶段 M-估计器的渐近理论（渐近标准误差 [ASE] 的正确表述）已问世数十年。然而，由于所需的矩阵公式令人望而生畏，在进行基于两阶段估计的统计推断时，应用研究人员通常会采用自举方法，或忽略估计器的两阶段性质，并从打包的统计软件中报告未经修正的第二阶段输出结果。在本文中，我们为计量经济学教师提供了一种教学方法，向博士生介绍 2SME 的渐近推断，以便于软件实施和经验应用。我们试图向学生（及其教师）证明，计算 2SME 正确 ASE 的分析和编码要求不一定是沉重的负担（或令人望而却步的要求）。我们在这方面的主要教学（和实践）创新是建议使用数值导数（ND）软件来计算 ASE 公式中最具挑战性的部分。一个练习向学生证明，通过使用 ND 软件，可以克服基于 2SMEs 进行推理的分析和编码障碍，而不会放弃严谨性。
{"title":"Introducing Ph.D. students to asymptotic inference for two‐stage M‐estimators: Easing analytic and coding demands via the use of numerical derivatives","authors":"Joseph V. Terza","doi":"10.1002/soej.12712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12712","url":null,"abstract":"Applications of two‐stage M‐estimators (2SMEs) abound in empirical economics. Asymptotic theory for 2SMEs (correct formulation of the asymptotic standard errors [ASE]) has been available for decades. Nevertheless, due to the daunting nature of the requisite matrix formulations, when conducting statistical inference based on two‐stage estimates, applied researchers often implement bootstrapping methods or ignore the two‐stage nature of the estimator and report the uncorrected second‐stage outputs from packaged statistical software. In the present paper, we offer teachers of econometrics a pedagogical approach for introducing Ph.D. students to asymptotic inference for 2SMEs, with a view toward easier software implementation and empirical application. We seek to demonstrate to students (and their teachers) that the analytic and coding demands for calculating correct ASEs for the 2SME need not be burdensome (or prohibitive). The main instructional (and practical) innovation that we offer in this regard is our suggested use of numerical derivative (ND) software for calculating the most challenging components of the ASE formulations. An exercise demonstrates to the student that, by implementing ND software, one can overcome the analytic and coding impediments to conducting inference based on 2SMEs, without abandoning rigor.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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