Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.01
Jin Young Hong, Young Hee Kim, JI Hee Park
This study emphasizes the importance of verifying the vitality of test fungi through the results of untreated specimens in the evaluation of the efficacy of wood preservatives. However, in many cases, the weight loss of the untreated specimens does not meet the criteria in the Korean standard(KS) test method, so we devised an efficient and simplified test method by cross-applying the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) standard method. The study found that the feeder strip inoculation method specified in the soil block test(AWPA) was more effective than the KS standard, resulting in a higher weight loss (%) of the wood blocks. Among the strains used, Trametes versicolor KACC54448(white rot fungus) showed weight loss rate of 34.1% and Tyromyces palustris and Fomitopsis pinicola KACC53387(brown rot fungi) showed weight loss rates of 63.9%, 58.0%, respectively. Furthermore, we found that maintaining a relative humidity of around 50% by placing distilled water in a low-temperature incubator was sufficient to create an environment in which the test fungi could decay the wood blocks without using expensive equipment such as a constant temperature and humidity chamber. As a result, it was confirmed that the activity of the test fungi can be increased even under conditions of around 50% relative humidity without the shaking cultivation process of the test fungi.
{"title":"Study on Improving in the Evaluation of Untreated Specimens in the Decay Resistance Effect of Wood Preservatives","authors":"Jin Young Hong, Young Hee Kim, JI Hee Park","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study emphasizes the importance of verifying the vitality of test fungi through the results of untreated specimens in the evaluation of the efficacy of wood preservatives. However, in many cases, the weight loss of the untreated specimens does not meet the criteria in the Korean standard(KS) test method, so we devised an efficient and simplified test method by cross-applying the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) standard method. The study found that the feeder strip inoculation method specified in the soil block test(AWPA) was more effective than the KS standard, resulting in a higher weight loss (%) of the wood blocks. Among the strains used, <i>Trametes versicolor</i> KACC54448(white rot fungus) showed weight loss rate of 34.1% and <i>Tyromyces palustris</i> and <i>Fomitopsis pinicola</i> KACC53387(brown rot fungi) showed weight loss rates of 63.9%, 58.0%, respectively. Furthermore, we found that maintaining a relative humidity of around 50% by placing distilled water in a low-temperature incubator was sufficient to create an environment in which the test fungi could decay the wood blocks without using expensive equipment such as a constant temperature and humidity chamber. As a result, it was confirmed that the activity of the test fungi can be increased even under conditions of around 50% relative humidity without the shaking cultivation process of the test fungi.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.05
Eung Ho Kim, Ik-Gyun Im, Hyo Jin Cho, Jin-Ho Na, Soowon Cho, Gyu-Seong Han
In this study, we aimed to identify the patterns of perforation damage on shipwreck members excavated from the Korean coast and to estimate the organisms responsible. Two types of marine borers were collected from driftwood collected from Chupo Beach, Shinchang-ri Beach, and Biin Beach, and test piles installed at Shinjindo Beach, and species identification was conducted through visual observation and DNA analysis. The damage patterns of marine borers on the driftwood and test piles were identified and compared with the damage patterns of the shipwreck members. The marine borers found in the driftwood and test piles were identified as Teredo navalis and Limnoria lignorum through DNA analysis and visual observation. T. navalis bored 3-5 mm diameter tunnels in the cross-section of the wood towards the fiber direction, and the damage was severe enough to completely penetrate a 7 cm long piece of wood. The tunnels were lined with calcareous material extruded by T. navalis. In some driftwood, fiber-oriented as well as random-directional tunnels were observed in T. navalis damage scars. In shipwreck members, T. navalis damage was primarily seen in the upper members, which were exposed to seawater and not buried in mud on the shore at the time of excavation, where L. lignorum drilled and gnawed small holes of less than 1 mm diameter in the surface of the wood. Very little evidence of damage by L. lignorum was rarely observed on the topsides of shipwrecks or on the surfaces of members, presumably because the fragile damage was worn away by the movement of currents at sea.
{"title":"Species Identification and Attack Patterns Analysis of Marine Borers in Shipwreck Members and Driftwood from the Korean Coast","authors":"Eung Ho Kim, Ik-Gyun Im, Hyo Jin Cho, Jin-Ho Na, Soowon Cho, Gyu-Seong Han","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we aimed to identify the patterns of perforation damage on shipwreck members excavated from the Korean coast and to estimate the organisms responsible. Two types of marine borers were collected from driftwood collected from Chupo Beach, Shinchang-ri Beach, and Biin Beach, and test piles installed at Shinjindo Beach, and species identification was conducted through visual observation and DNA analysis. The damage patterns of marine borers on the driftwood and test piles were identified and compared with the damage patterns of the shipwreck members. The marine borers found in the driftwood and test piles were identified as <i>Teredo navalis</i> and <i>Limnoria lignorum</i> through DNA analysis and visual observation. <i>T. navalis</i> bored 3-5 mm diameter tunnels in the cross-section of the wood towards the fiber direction, and the damage was severe enough to completely penetrate a 7 cm long piece of wood. The tunnels were lined with calcareous material extruded by <i>T. navalis</i>. In some driftwood, fiber-oriented as well as random-directional tunnels were observed in <i>T. navalis</i> damage scars. In shipwreck members, <i>T. navalis</i> damage was primarily seen in the upper members, which were exposed to seawater and not buried in mud on the shore at the time of excavation, where <i>L. lignorum</i> drilled and gnawed small holes of less than 1 mm diameter in the surface of the wood. Very little evidence of damage by <i>L. lignorum</i> was rarely observed on the topsides of shipwrecks or on the surfaces of members, presumably because the fragile damage was worn away by the movement of currents at sea.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.06
Young Mok Kim, Hee Hong Kwon
In the conservation treatment of modern and contemporary art, the color matching process is sometimes carried out by reflecting the artist information. In particular, in the case of artworks in which the artist survives, originality and authenticity are secured by referring to the artist information and intended appearance in consideration of the rights of integrity when processing irreversible work such as repainting. ‘Flowers of tomorrow’ by artist Jeong Hwa Choi is a sculpture with paint on the surface, and some of the structures were eliminated and cracked to reveal the inner base layer, so conservation treatment was carried out. Through the artist interview, it was confirmed that the paint used in the artwork was metallic corrosion paint, and the color change and chromaticity were measured according to the application time of the rust activator to quantify the appropriate color matching method for the artwork. Based on the results, conservation treatment was carried out stably and the appearance of the artwork was restored. This process will be recorded as a manual and used for color matching in conservation treatment of related artworks in the future.
{"title":"Conservation Treatment of Metallic Painted Plastic Sculpture: Color Matching Profiling","authors":"Young Mok Kim, Hee Hong Kwon","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"In the conservation treatment of modern and contemporary art, the color matching process is sometimes carried out by reflecting the artist information. In particular, in the case of artworks in which the artist survives, originality and authenticity are secured by referring to the artist information and intended appearance in consideration of the rights of integrity when processing irreversible work such as repainting. ‘Flowers of tomorrow’ by artist Jeong Hwa Choi is a sculpture with paint on the surface, and some of the structures were eliminated and cracked to reveal the inner base layer, so conservation treatment was carried out. Through the artist interview, it was confirmed that the paint used in the artwork was metallic corrosion paint, and the color change and chromaticity were measured according to the application time of the rust activator to quantify the appropriate color matching method for the artwork. Based on the results, conservation treatment was carried out stably and the appearance of the artwork was restored. This process will be recorded as a manual and used for color matching in conservation treatment of related artworks in the future.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.09
Dong Hee Jeong, Chan Hee Lee
The Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Painting of Myeongbujeon Hall in Namwon Seonwonsa temple was painted in 1917 by seven monk painters including Geumeo Manchong, Sango and Haengeun. In the painting, Korean National Flag (Taegeukgi), a trace of anti-Japanese movement that had been hidden under suppression during the invaded by the Japanese period, was found on the surface of official wooden hat in Sixth King (Byeonseongdaewang). Elements of Pb, S and Si were commonly detected by the P-XRF of the painting pigments to be analyzed, which was estimated the characteristics of the Sinamchae made by mixing colored metal oxides and glass powder, and data were secured. As the optial microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis show that black is chinese ink and lampblack ink, white is lead hydroxide and chalk, gold is gold foil, yellow is iron oxide yellow, massicot and gamboge, red is cinnaba, iron hydroxide and minium, green is emerald green, blue is ultramarine, respectively. As the infrared photography, various coloring techniques and traces of several overlapping for completeness were found. A comprehensive considerations of these shows that various coloring techniques with back, bottom and middle colorations were used. The Taegeuk pattern is interpreted as making a circle shape with a minium and painting with emerald green over it.
{"title":"Interpretation of the Pigments Analysis and Coloration Techniques for Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Painting within the Myengbujeon Hall in Namwon Seonwonsa Temple, Korea","authors":"Dong Hee Jeong, Chan Hee Lee","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"The Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva Painting of Myeongbujeon Hall in Namwon Seonwonsa temple was painted in 1917 by seven monk painters including Geumeo Manchong, Sango and Haengeun. In the painting, Korean National Flag (Taegeukgi), a trace of anti-Japanese movement that had been hidden under suppression during the invaded by the Japanese period, was found on the surface of official wooden hat in Sixth King (Byeonseongdaewang). Elements of Pb, S and Si were commonly detected by the P-XRF of the painting pigments to be analyzed, which was estimated the characteristics of the Sinamchae made by mixing colored metal oxides and glass powder, and data were secured. As the optial microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis show that black is chinese ink and lampblack ink, white is lead hydroxide and chalk, gold is gold foil, yellow is iron oxide yellow, massicot and gamboge, red is cinnaba, iron hydroxide and minium, green is emerald green, blue is ultramarine, respectively. As the infrared photography, various coloring techniques and traces of several overlapping for completeness were found. A comprehensive considerations of these shows that various coloring techniques with back, bottom and middle colorations were used. The Taegeuk pattern is interpreted as making a circle shape with a minium and painting with emerald green over it.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.02
Young Hee Kim, Jeung Min Lee, Seo Young Won, Won Sook Seo, Myoung Nam Kim, Ji Hee Park
Although no regulations specify safety and performance evaluations for biological pest control agents used on wooden cultural artifacts, the revised 2019 Cultural Heritage Repair Standards state that the agents used on cultural artifacts must be approved by the National Institute of Environmental Sciences. In addition, the performance evaluations of these agents should comply with the performance standards specified in the Korean Forestry Promotion Institute Standard Test Method, as stated in the standards. This study performed performance evaluations on one type of agent currently used for biological pest control on wooden cultural artifacts and two types of imported wood preservative products on the domestic market. For performance evaluation, we conducted tests for decay resistance, termite resistance, mold resistance, corrosion resistance, and moisture absorption, and analyzed residue levels of active ingredients through outdoor exposure tests to confirm the persistence of the biocide during natural weathering processes. The results of this study aim to summarize the testing procedures and methods for performance evaluation, identify areas for improvement, and utilize the test results as a basis for establishing standards for the evaluation of biocidal agents.
{"title":"A Study on the Evaluation of Pesticides for the Conservation of Wooden Cultural Heritages","authors":"Young Hee Kim, Jeung Min Lee, Seo Young Won, Won Sook Seo, Myoung Nam Kim, Ji Hee Park","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"Although no regulations specify safety and performance evaluations for biological pest control agents used on wooden cultural artifacts, the revised 2019 Cultural Heritage Repair Standards state that the agents used on cultural artifacts must be approved by the National Institute of Environmental Sciences. In addition, the performance evaluations of these agents should comply with the performance standards specified in the Korean Forestry Promotion Institute Standard Test Method, as stated in the standards. This study performed performance evaluations on one type of agent currently used for biological pest control on wooden cultural artifacts and two types of imported wood preservative products on the domestic market. For performance evaluation, we conducted tests for decay resistance, termite resistance, mold resistance, corrosion resistance, and moisture absorption, and analyzed residue levels of active ingredients through outdoor exposure tests to confirm the persistence of the biocide during natural weathering processes. The results of this study aim to summarize the testing procedures and methods for performance evaluation, identify areas for improvement, and utilize the test results as a basis for establishing standards for the evaluation of biocidal agents.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.04
Da Sol Kim, Han Seul Kim, Jung Il Song, Ji Hyeon Park, Ji Aae Song
Before conservation treatment, the Byeongsan Mask ‘Eul’ was damaged, and the face was separated on both sides and attached with stiffeners. For conservation treatment, it was necessary to remove the existing stiffeners and adhese the faces together. At this time, a support was needed to fix both faces that were separated during conservation process and to structurally stabilize the adhesion area where pressure could be concentrated even after adhesion. In order to manufacture new support, the shape analysis was first performed using the X-ray computed tomography data, and then the re-adhesion position was set. Next, modeling was conducted considering the function of the support and aesthetic conditions using the digital haptic modeling system. The completed model was printed by 3D printing using transparent material. The support produced in this study is significant in that it played a major role in the conservation process, such as being used not only to hold and store the masks but also to fix them during the conservation process. In addition, by producing support using digital methods and data, support optimized for the shape of artifact could be produced with minimal contact with artifact. This study presented a method for conserving and displaying artifacts using digital technology, and is expected to be expanded and applied to various cultural heritages.
{"title":"Cultural Heritage Image Analysis and Support Modeling Using X-ray Computed Tomography: Focused on the Byeongsan Mask ‘Eul’ of the Hahoe Masks and Byeongsan Masks of Andong","authors":"Da Sol Kim, Han Seul Kim, Jung Il Song, Ji Hyeon Park, Ji Aae Song","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Before conservation treatment, the Byeongsan Mask ‘Eul’ was damaged, and the face was separated on both sides and attached with stiffeners. For conservation treatment, it was necessary to remove the existing stiffeners and adhese the faces together. At this time, a support was needed to fix both faces that were separated during conservation process and to structurally stabilize the adhesion area where pressure could be concentrated even after adhesion. In order to manufacture new support, the shape analysis was first performed using the X-ray computed tomography data, and then the re-adhesion position was set. Next, modeling was conducted considering the function of the support and aesthetic conditions using the digital haptic modeling system. The completed model was printed by 3D printing using transparent material. The support produced in this study is significant in that it played a major role in the conservation process, such as being used not only to hold and store the masks but also to fix them during the conservation process. In addition, by producing support using digital methods and data, support optimized for the shape of artifact could be produced with minimal contact with artifact. This study presented a method for conserving and displaying artifacts using digital technology, and is expected to be expanded and applied to various cultural heritages.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136379061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.07
Jeong Ah Shin, Hye Sun Park, Cham Hee Jung, Hee Hong Kwon
This study described the preservation process of modern and contemporary relief sculpture and emphasized the importance of identification of the used materials through scientific analysis. by Jin-kyu Kwon, was described as a “cement” object by the collection agency at the time of donation. However, in surface observation, it was assumed that various materials other than cement were used. Through scientific analysis and research, was identified as cement work on gypsum plaster base. It was consistent with the production technique of Jin-kyu Kwon, who worked using ‘mixed media’ in the 1960s. Based on this, the material information of the work was corrected as ‘cement on gypsum(plaster)’ . Thus gypsum and cement were selected as conservation materials for the treatment. Considering this, a support frame was devised and applied in the conservation treatment of . This study would present the possibility of selecting and applying suitable conservation treatment methods for modern and contemporary sculptures.
{"title":"A Study on Scientific Conservation Treatment of Modern and Contemporary Relief Sculptures Based on Their Production Technique: A Case Study on 〈Shrimp〉 by Jin-kyu Kwon","authors":"Jeong Ah Shin, Hye Sun Park, Cham Hee Jung, Hee Hong Kwon","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study described the preservation process of modern and contemporary relief sculpture and emphasized the importance of identification of the used materials through scientific analysis. <Shrimp> by Jin-kyu Kwon, was described as a “cement” object by the collection agency at the time of donation. However, in surface observation, it was assumed that various materials other than cement were used. Through scientific analysis and research, <Shrimp> was identified as cement work on gypsum plaster base. It was consistent with the production technique of Jin-kyu Kwon, who worked using ‘mixed media’ in the 1960s. Based on this, the material information of the work was corrected as ‘cement on gypsum(plaster)’ . Thus gypsum and cement were selected as conservation materials for the treatment. Considering this, a support frame was devised and applied in the conservation treatment of <Shrimp>. This study would present the possibility of selecting and applying suitable conservation treatment methods for modern and contemporary sculptures.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.13
Hee Hong Kwon, Sun Min Cha, Jeong Ah Shin, Ye Bin Han, Young Mok Kim
‘Pieta’(1980) by Se Choong Kim required scientific analysis and conservation treatment due to long outdoor exhibitions and paint on surface of bronze sculpture. However, there was a concern that the originality of artwork and ‘moral rights of the artist(the right of integrity)’ could be violated by including conservation treatment methods that were inevitably irreversible, such as removing the old layer and re-patination. Accordingly, the brown color that was mainly used during the artist’s lifetime, was selected as the patination color through collaboration with various stakeholders. As a result of analyzing the making technique of ‘Pieta’, it was found that it was cast in Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb quaternary art bronze. The material, methods, and environment at the time of making artwork were confirmed by comparing the result of scientific analysis of welding, repair, and defects with inerviews with casting engineers. The paint painted on the surface of the bronze sculpture was confirmed as painted twice with metalic paint mixed with polystyrene and copper powder and graphite-based paint. Laser cleaning was applied after a preliminary experiments to stably remove paint, and 95% of the paint layer area was uniformly removed as a result of comparing and analyzing the volume before and after removal through 3D scanning. Brown patina was applied through patination then wax coating to finish.
Se Choong Kim的《Pieta》(1980年)由于长时间的户外展览和青铜雕塑表面的油漆，需要科学的分析和保护处理。但是，有人担心，如果加入去除旧层、重新修复等不可逆转的保护处理方法，可能会侵犯艺术品的原创性和“艺术家的道德权利(完整权)”。因此，通过与各利益相关方的合作，选择了艺术家一生中主要使用的棕色作为patination的颜色。通过对“Pieta”的制作工艺分析，发现它是用Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb第四纪艺术青铜铸造的。通过对焊接、修复和缺陷的科学分析结果与对铸造工程师的采访，确定了制作艺术品时的材料、方法和环境。铜像表面的油漆被确认为用聚苯乙烯和铜粉混合的金属漆和石墨基油漆涂了两次。初步实验后进行激光清洗，稳定去除油漆，通过3D扫描对比分析去除前后的体积，95%的油漆层面积被均匀去除。褐色铜绿先镀上铜绿，再涂蜡完成。
{"title":"Conservation Processing of Modern and Contemporary Outdoor Bronze Sculptures","authors":"Hee Hong Kwon, Sun Min Cha, Jeong Ah Shin, Ye Bin Han, Young Mok Kim","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"‘Pieta’(1980) by Se Choong Kim required scientific analysis and conservation treatment due to long outdoor exhibitions and paint on surface of bronze sculpture. However, there was a concern that the originality of artwork and ‘moral rights of the artist(the right of integrity)’ could be violated by including conservation treatment methods that were inevitably irreversible, such as removing the old layer and re-patination. Accordingly, the brown color that was mainly used during the artist’s lifetime, was selected as the patination color through collaboration with various stakeholders. As a result of analyzing the making technique of ‘Pieta’, it was found that it was cast in Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb quaternary art bronze. The material, methods, and environment at the time of making artwork were confirmed by comparing the result of scientific analysis of welding, repair, and defects with inerviews with casting engineers. The paint painted on the surface of the bronze sculpture was confirmed as painted twice with metalic paint mixed with polystyrene and copper powder and graphite-based paint. Laser cleaning was applied after a preliminary experiments to stably remove paint, and 95% of the paint layer area was uniformly removed as a result of comparing and analyzing the volume before and after removal through 3D scanning. Brown patina was applied through patination then wax coating to finish.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136379059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.08
Young Hee Kim, Hyungyoug Kim, Ji Hee Park, Soo Ji Kim, Chang Wook Jo, Jeong Min Lee
In this study, a machine learning model was established using termite damage and meteorological data on wooden cultural properties, and the prediction performance was evaluated. The data were divided into termite damage data, the location of wooden cultural properties, and meteorological data. Three observatories were searched based on the location of the wooden cultural properties, and meteorological data for about 8 years from 2010 to 2018 were combined to make a total of 491 data sets. As a result, it was confirmed that the value of small evaporation as a meteorological factor that directly affects termite damage is the time series independent variable that best explains the model, and showed an accuracy of 72.8% when the Linear SVM algorithm model was used. The value of small evaporation is the synoptic meteorological data of the Korea Meteorological Administration, and it is collected only at specific stations, not meteorological factors observed at all stations. Therefore, It is difficult to obtain enough data to make a predictive model. Since machine learning models can improve accuracy when the number of data is sufficient, prediction performance can be improved if more termite damage data and the value of small evaporation are obtained.
{"title":"A Method for Predicting Termite Damage in Wooden Cultural Properties Using a Machine Learning Model","authors":"Young Hee Kim, Hyungyoug Kim, Ji Hee Park, Soo Ji Kim, Chang Wook Jo, Jeong Min Lee","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a machine learning model was established using termite damage and meteorological data on wooden cultural properties, and the prediction performance was evaluated. The data were divided into termite damage data, the location of wooden cultural properties, and meteorological data. Three observatories were searched based on the location of the wooden cultural properties, and meteorological data for about 8 years from 2010 to 2018 were combined to make a total of 491 data sets. As a result, it was confirmed that the value of small evaporation as a meteorological factor that directly affects termite damage is the time series independent variable that best explains the model, and showed an accuracy of 72.8% when the Linear SVM algorithm model was used. The value of small evaporation is the synoptic meteorological data of the Korea Meteorological Administration, and it is collected only at specific stations, not meteorological factors observed at all stations. Therefore, It is difficult to obtain enough data to make a predictive model. Since machine learning models can improve accuracy when the number of data is sufficient, prediction performance can be improved if more termite damage data and the value of small evaporation are obtained.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.10
Jae-Ho Lee, Hyun-Min Jeong, Masaki Sano, Jeong-Wook Seo
The main content of dendroarchaeology is to assign the exact calendar year to each tree ring in archaeological wood. Each tree ring can be assigned a year because the pattern of ring-width time series (hereafter, ring-width chronology) is unique for each time period and the same tree species share the pattern. However, the lack of agreement between ring-width chronologies of Pinus thunbergii compared to other tree species makes it difficult to use the chronologies for dating. This study was conducted to verify the dating possibility of archaeological woods using tree-ring δ18O time series (hereafter, tree-ring δ18O chronology) instead of ring-width chronology. For the study, 7 P. thunbergii were selected from coastal dunes, and the ring-width and tree-ring δ18O chronologies were compared. The results showed that the agreement between ring-width chronologies were large statistical deviations (t-value: 0.6~12.5 / G value: 38~70%) as much as difficult for dating. On the other hand, the tree-ring δ18O chronologies showed reliable agreement between them as statistically (t-value: 4.3~6.4 / G value: 77~84%) and visually. Based on the results, it has been verified that the dating possibility of archaeological woods for P. thunbergii, which is a difficult tree species for dating in dendrochronology, can be greatly improved if the tree-ring δ18O chronology is applied.
{"title":"Investigating the Potential of the Tree-ring δ18O Time Series of Pinus thunbergii in the Dendroarchaeological Study","authors":"Jae-Ho Lee, Hyun-Min Jeong, Masaki Sano, Jeong-Wook Seo","doi":"10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2023.39.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The main content of dendroarchaeology is to assign the exact calendar year to each tree ring in archaeological wood. Each tree ring can be assigned a year because the pattern of ring-width time series (hereafter, ring-width chronology) is unique for each time period and the same tree species share the pattern. However, the lack of agreement between ring-width chronologies of <i>Pinus thunbergii</i> compared to other tree species makes it difficult to use the chronologies for dating. This study was conducted to verify the dating possibility of archaeological woods using tree-ring δ<sup>18</sup>O time series (hereafter, tree-ring δ<sup>18</sup>O chronology) instead of ring-width chronology. For the study, 7 <i>P. thunbergii</i> were selected from coastal dunes, and the ring-width and tree-ring δ<sup>18</sup>O chronologies were compared. The results showed that the agreement between ring-width chronologies were large statistical deviations (<i>t</i>-value: 0.6~12.5 / G value: 38~70%) as much as difficult for dating. On the other hand, the tree-ring δ<sup>18</sup>O chronologies showed reliable agreement between them as statistically (<i>t</i>-value: 4.3~6.4 / G value: 77~84%) and visually. Based on the results, it has been verified that the dating possibility of archaeological woods for <i>P. thunbergii</i>, which is a difficult tree species for dating in dendrochronology, can be greatly improved if the tree-ring δ<sup>18</sup>O chronology is applied.","PeriodicalId":479558,"journal":{"name":"Bojon-gwahakoeji","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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