Pub Date : 2006-07-01DOI: 10.1108/00220410610673936
Jutta Haider
Review of 'Media, technology and everyday life in Europe. From information to communication.' edited by Roger Silverstone
欧洲的媒体、科技和日常生活回顾。从信息到沟通。罗杰·西尔弗斯通编辑
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Pub Date : 2005-08-01DOI: 10.1108/00220410510607507
C. Galvez, F. M. Anegón, V. H. Solana
Purpose – To propose a categorization of the different conflation procedures at the two basic approaches, non‐linguistic and linguistic techniques, and to justify the application of normalization methods within the framework of linguistic techniques.Design/methodology/approach – Presents a range of term conflation methods, that can be used in information retrieval. The uniterm and multiterm variants can be considered equivalent units for the purposes of automatic indexing. Stemming algorithms, segmentation rules, association measures and clustering techniques are well evaluated non‐linguistic methods, and experiments with these techniques show a wide variety of results. Alternatively, the lemmatisation and the use of syntactic pattern‐matching, through equivalence relations represented in finite‐state transducers (FST), are emerging methods for the recognition and standardization of terms.Findings – The survey attempts to point out the positive and negative effects of the linguistic approach and its poten...
{"title":"Term conflation methods in information retrieval: Non-linguistic and linguistic approaches","authors":"C. Galvez, F. M. Anegón, V. H. Solana","doi":"10.1108/00220410510607507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410510607507","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – To propose a categorization of the different conflation procedures at the two basic approaches, non‐linguistic and linguistic techniques, and to justify the application of normalization methods within the framework of linguistic techniques.Design/methodology/approach – Presents a range of term conflation methods, that can be used in information retrieval. The uniterm and multiterm variants can be considered equivalent units for the purposes of automatic indexing. Stemming algorithms, segmentation rules, association measures and clustering techniques are well evaluated non‐linguistic methods, and experiments with these techniques show a wide variety of results. Alternatively, the lemmatisation and the use of syntactic pattern‐matching, through equivalence relations represented in finite‐state transducers (FST), are emerging methods for the recognition and standardization of terms.Findings – The survey attempts to point out the positive and negative effects of the linguistic approach and its poten...","PeriodicalId":47969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Documentation","volume":"61 1","pages":"520-547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/00220410510607507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62052773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-08-01DOI: 10.1108/00220410310485857
Trudy Levy
{"title":"Moving Theory into Practice: Digital Imaging for Libraries and Archives","authors":"Trudy Levy","doi":"10.1108/00220410310485857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410310485857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Documentation","volume":"59 1","pages":"497-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62052712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Virtual Reality","authors":"W. Sherman, Alan B. Craig","doi":"10.1016/c2013-0-18583-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/c2013-0-18583-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54151575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1108/JD.2002.58.3.350.15
Marianne Lykke Nielsen
{"title":"Thesaurus Construction and Use: a Practical Manual, 4th ed.","authors":"Marianne Lykke Nielsen","doi":"10.1108/JD.2002.58.3.350.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JD.2002.58.3.350.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Documentation","volume":"58 1","pages":"350-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62075258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1108/EUM0000000007100
Marianne Lykke Nielsen
Design and construction of indexing languages require thorough knowledge and understanding of the information environment. This empirical study investigated a mixed set of methods (group interviews, recollection of information needs and word association tests to collect data; content analysis and discourse analysis to analyse data) to evaluate whether these methods collected the data needed for work domain oriented thesaurus design. The findings showed that the study methods together provided the domain knowledge needed to define the role of the thesaurus and design its content and structure. The study was carried out from a person‐insituation perspective. The findings reflected the information environment and made it possible to develop a thesaurus according to the characteristics of the work domain. It seemed more difficult to capture the needs of the individual user and adapt the thesaurus to individual characteristics.
{"title":"A framework for work task based thesaurus design","authors":"Marianne Lykke Nielsen","doi":"10.1108/EUM0000000007100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000007100","url":null,"abstract":"Design and construction of indexing languages require thorough knowledge and understanding of the information environment. This empirical study investigated a mixed set of methods (group interviews, recollection of information needs and word association tests to collect data; content analysis and discourse analysis to analyse data) to evaluate whether these methods collected the data needed for work domain oriented thesaurus design. The findings showed that the study methods together provided the domain knowledge needed to define the role of the thesaurus and design its content and structure. The study was carried out from a person‐insituation perspective. The findings reflected the information environment and made it possible to develop a thesaurus according to the characteristics of the work domain. It seemed more difficult to capture the needs of the individual user and adapt the thesaurus to individual characteristics.","PeriodicalId":47969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Documentation","volume":"57 1","pages":"774-797"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/EUM0000000007100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62416915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1108/EUM0000000007093
E. Bonnevie
This article presents the semantic information theory, formulated by the philosopher Fred I. Dretske, as a contribution to the discussion of metatheories and their practical implications in the field of library and information science. Dretske’s theory is described in Knowledge and the flow of information. It is founded on mathematical communication theory but developed and elaborated into a cognitive, functionalistic theory, is individually oriented, and deals with the content of information. The topics are: the information process from perception to cognition, and how concept formation takes place in terms of digitisation. Other important issues are the concepts of information and knowledge, truth and meaning. Semantic information theory can be used as a frame of reference in order to explain, clarify and refute concepts currently used in library and information science, and as the basis for critical reviews of elements of the cognitive viewpoint in IR, primarily the notion of “potential information”. T...
本文介绍了由哲学家Fred I. Dretske提出的语义信息理论，作为对元理论及其在图书馆和信息科学领域的实际意义的讨论的贡献。德雷茨克的理论在《知识与信息流》一书中有所描述。它建立在数学传播理论的基础上，但发展和阐述为一种认知的、功能主义的理论，以个人为导向，处理信息的内容。主题是:从感知到认知的信息过程，以及概念的形成如何在数字化方面发生。其他重要的问题是信息和知识、真理和意义的概念。语义信息论可以作为一个参考框架，用来解释、澄清和反驳目前在图书馆和信息科学中使用的概念，并作为批判性审查IR中认知观点要素的基础，主要是“潜在信息”的概念。T…
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Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1108/EUM0000000007194
A. Goker
A user who makes repeated use of a retrieval system may be assumed to have a context which is common to successive uses (even if the immediate need differs). An IR system which could make use of this context may be better able to match the specific need. A machine‐learning approach to inferring the user’s context is described, and the results of an evaluation experiment are given. There appears to be scope for IR systems to operate in this way.
{"title":"Context learning in Okapi","authors":"A. Goker","doi":"10.1108/EUM0000000007194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000007194","url":null,"abstract":"A user who makes repeated use of a retrieval system may be assumed to have a context which is common to successive uses (even if the immediate need differs). An IR system which could make use of this context may be better able to match the specific need. A machine‐learning approach to inferring the user’s context is described, and the results of an evaluation experiment are given. There appears to be scope for IR systems to operate in this way.","PeriodicalId":47969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Documentation","volume":"53 1","pages":"80-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/EUM0000000007194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62416559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the early 1970s the communist regime in the German Democratic Republic classified thousands of doctoral dissertations as confidential, thus blocking the dissemination of research in the various disciplines of science. More than 6,800 titles of dissertations have not been listed in the national bibliographies. This article seeks to give a first overview of the different fields of restricted research and the topics which have been treated as state secrets. The study also shows the involvement of universities and colleges in the classification and segregation of theses into special depots and non‐public reading rooms.
{"title":"A state secret – dissertations in the German Democratic Republic","authors":"L. Mertens","doi":"10.1108/EB026921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/EB026921","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 1970s the communist regime in the German Democratic Republic classified thousands of doctoral dissertations as confidential, thus blocking the dissemination of research in the various disciplines of science. More than 6,800 titles of dissertations have not been listed in the national bibliographies. This article seeks to give a first overview of the different fields of restricted research and the topics which have been treated as state secrets. The study also shows the involvement of universities and colleges in the classification and segregation of theses into special depots and non‐public reading rooms.","PeriodicalId":47969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Documentation","volume":"50 1","pages":"348-355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/EB026921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62208442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study was to investigate and describe the way in which people organise documents in their offices. Eight university faculty members were asked to describe their own offices in terms of the organisation of documents. Each respondent was also asked to sort a typical day's mail. Following the data analysis, four of the eight respondents were interviewed again, at which time the researcher used the results of the analysis as a guide and tried to sort and classify each respondent's mail as he or she might have. An inductively created content analysis of the data was performed and the results suggest that the criteria or factors that people take into account when classifying documents consist not only of document factors (such as the document's topic or form) but also, to a very important degree, of situational factors (such as the use to which the document is to be put). In addition, it was shown that people are able to articulate the process by which classification decisions were made, and the data produced by this articulation lend themselves to analysis at a level which can yield genera! rules about the behaviour. One implication of this study is that, in designing systems for organising documents, it might be advantageous to explore ways of modelling typical contexts of document use, since these seem to be very important in classification decisions made within personal information environments.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF FACTORS THAT ARE NOT DOCUMENT ATTRIBUTES IN THE ORGANISATION OF PERSONAL DOCUMENTS","authors":"B. Kwasnik","doi":"10.1108/EB026886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/EB026886","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to investigate and describe the way in which people organise documents in their offices. Eight university faculty members were asked to describe their own offices in terms of the organisation of documents. Each respondent was also asked to sort a typical day's mail. Following the data analysis, four of the eight respondents were interviewed again, at which time the researcher used the results of the analysis as a guide and tried to sort and classify each respondent's mail as he or she might have. An inductively created content analysis of the data was performed and the results suggest that the criteria or factors that people take into account when classifying documents consist not only of document factors (such as the document's topic or form) but also, to a very important degree, of situational factors (such as the use to which the document is to be put). In addition, it was shown that people are able to articulate the process by which classification decisions were made, and the data produced by this articulation lend themselves to analysis at a level which can yield genera! rules about the behaviour. One implication of this study is that, in designing systems for organising documents, it might be advantageous to explore ways of modelling typical contexts of document use, since these seem to be very important in classification decisions made within personal information environments.","PeriodicalId":47969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Documentation","volume":"47 1","pages":"389-398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/EB026886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62208434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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