Background:: Diabetes is one of the most escalating endocrine disorders around the global countries. Researchers are paying more attention towards herbal drugs for treating these chronic ailments. As per the statistics, the incidence of diabetes is increasing not only in adults but also in neonates. Herbal plants like Okra and Neem have been used in India since the ages to treat various kinds of ailments. Methods:: The methodology includes the preparation of granules from the okra gum and neem extract, which is compressed into tablets. The nanoparticle dispersion of Pioglitazone is prepared by using the 2% w/v polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), which are then sprayed on the drug-free tablet substrate. This process enhances the area of the Pioglitazone particles and thereby increases the bioavailability of the drug. The spraying of the nanoparticles on the surface of the substrate reduces the aggregation of the particles, which is a drawback of nanoparticles. Results:: The results show that the release rate is increased 2.14 times compared with the pure drug by depositing Pioglitazone nanoparticles on a tablet substrate composed of the okra mucilage and alcoholic extract of Neem. It also shows that there is a remarkable reduction in the glucose levels in vivo when compared with the product formulated by employing the traditional wet granulation technique. Conclusion:: This study concluded that the addition of herbal antidiabetic molecules as excipients can improve the therapeutic effect significantly. Better antidiabetic activity may be obtained with the deposition of hydrophobic antidiabetic drugs on herbal antidiabetic components.
{"title":"Pioglitazone Nanoparticle Deposited Biologically Active Substrate to Potentiate Antidiabetic Activity","authors":"Talasila Eswara Gopalakrishna Murthy, Sarihaddula Indira, sudheer chowdary Bodepudi","doi":"10.2174/012210299x233215230920151713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012210299x233215230920151713","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Diabetes is one of the most escalating endocrine disorders around the global countries. Researchers are paying more attention towards herbal drugs for treating these chronic ailments. As per the statistics, the incidence of diabetes is increasing not only in adults but also in neonates. Herbal plants like Okra and Neem have been used in India since the ages to treat various kinds of ailments. Methods:: The methodology includes the preparation of granules from the okra gum and neem extract, which is compressed into tablets. The nanoparticle dispersion of Pioglitazone is prepared by using the 2% w/v polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), which are then sprayed on the drug-free tablet substrate. This process enhances the area of the Pioglitazone particles and thereby increases the bioavailability of the drug. The spraying of the nanoparticles on the surface of the substrate reduces the aggregation of the particles, which is a drawback of nanoparticles. Results:: The results show that the release rate is increased 2.14 times compared with the pure drug by depositing Pioglitazone nanoparticles on a tablet substrate composed of the okra mucilage and alcoholic extract of Neem. It also shows that there is a remarkable reduction in the glucose levels in vivo when compared with the product formulated by employing the traditional wet granulation technique. Conclusion:: This study concluded that the addition of herbal antidiabetic molecules as excipients can improve the therapeutic effect significantly. Better antidiabetic activity may be obtained with the deposition of hydrophobic antidiabetic drugs on herbal antidiabetic components.","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"43 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.2174/012210299x255078231011111629
Prince P George, Ranjeet Kumar, Manvi Sharma, Rojin G Raj
Abstract: Despite the evident success of antiretroviral therapy in recent years, many patients undergoing intense treatment still struggle to find a cure for their disease due to drug resistance or treatment failure. To solve this problem, new antiretroviral drug alternatives are required. The HIV-1 antiretroviral drug fostemsavir (GSK3684394, previously BMS-663068) is a first-in-class HIV-1 attachment inhibitor with a novel mechanism. After oral administration, fostemsavir gets converted into temsavir in the gastrointestinal lumen, which then attaches to the glycoprotein 120 surface subunit on HIV-1 and produces a conformational change that prevents it from adhering to CD4+ T cells of the host immune system, thereby preventing the virus from infecting other cells. Fostemsavir is indicated in heavily treated (HTE) patients with an ideal antiretroviral (ARV) regimen. The drug has shown significant tolerability, and no hepatic or renal dose adjustments were required. Fostemsavir can be used as an effective alternative in salvage therapy because of its favourable adverse effect profile and few drug interactions.
{"title":"Fostemsavir: A Novel CD4 Attachment Inhibitor for Heavily Treated HIV-1 Patient","authors":"Prince P George, Ranjeet Kumar, Manvi Sharma, Rojin G Raj","doi":"10.2174/012210299x255078231011111629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012210299x255078231011111629","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Despite the evident success of antiretroviral therapy in recent years, many patients undergoing intense treatment still struggle to find a cure for their disease due to drug resistance or treatment failure. To solve this problem, new antiretroviral drug alternatives are required. The HIV-1 antiretroviral drug fostemsavir (GSK3684394, previously BMS-663068) is a first-in-class HIV-1 attachment inhibitor with a novel mechanism. After oral administration, fostemsavir gets converted into temsavir in the gastrointestinal lumen, which then attaches to the glycoprotein 120 surface subunit on HIV-1 and produces a conformational change that prevents it from adhering to CD4+ T cells of the host immune system, thereby preventing the virus from infecting other cells. Fostemsavir is indicated in heavily treated (HTE) patients with an ideal antiretroviral (ARV) regimen. The drug has shown significant tolerability, and no hepatic or renal dose adjustments were required. Fostemsavir can be used as an effective alternative in salvage therapy because of its favourable adverse effect profile and few drug interactions.","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.2174/012210299x262244231010050553
Indra Bhusan Basumatary, Santosh Kumar
Introduction:: Nanoencapsulation has gained popularity in recent decades due to its numerous benefits, such as improved stability, oxidation resistance, retention of volatile ingredients, controlled release, delivery of multiple active ingredients in a row, improvement in organoleptic properties, reduction of toxic side effects, and water solubility. Methods:: The present study was aimed to prepare eugenol nanoemulsions (EuNEs) using non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) by ultrasound-assisted techniques and to evaluate the effects of surfactant concentration on their droplets size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, storage stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared nanoemulsions was tested against Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria using well diffusion method. Results:: The results showed that the droplet size decreased after a threshold Tween 80 concentration (10%), while PDI value increased with the increase in surfactant concentration (Tween 80). method: The droplets size, poly dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, storage stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the prepared nanoemusions were characterized. Conclusion:: The prepared EuNEs exhibited good antibacterial activity against all the four bacterial strains: E. coli, A. faecalis, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. conclusion: No phase separation, creaming, layering or deposition of large oil droplet were observed in the prepared nanoemulsions (EuNE-5, EuNE-7.5, and EuNE-10) except in case of 15%, v/v Tween 80 (EuNE-15) during 30 days of storage
{"title":"Effect of Surfactant Concentration on Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Eugenol Nanoemulsions","authors":"Indra Bhusan Basumatary, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.2174/012210299x262244231010050553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012210299x262244231010050553","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:: Nanoencapsulation has gained popularity in recent decades due to its numerous benefits, such as improved stability, oxidation resistance, retention of volatile ingredients, controlled release, delivery of multiple active ingredients in a row, improvement in organoleptic properties, reduction of toxic side effects, and water solubility. Methods:: The present study was aimed to prepare eugenol nanoemulsions (EuNEs) using non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) by ultrasound-assisted techniques and to evaluate the effects of surfactant concentration on their droplets size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, storage stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared nanoemulsions was tested against Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria using well diffusion method. Results:: The results showed that the droplet size decreased after a threshold Tween 80 concentration (10%), while PDI value increased with the increase in surfactant concentration (Tween 80). method: The droplets size, poly dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, storage stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the prepared nanoemusions were characterized. Conclusion:: The prepared EuNEs exhibited good antibacterial activity against all the four bacterial strains: E. coli, A. faecalis, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. conclusion: No phase separation, creaming, layering or deposition of large oil droplet were observed in the prepared nanoemulsions (EuNE-5, EuNE-7.5, and EuNE-10) except in case of 15%, v/v Tween 80 (EuNE-15) during 30 days of storage","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"89 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.2174/012210299x250021230925041855
Amit Kumar Pandey, Udai Vir Singh Sara, Harinath Dwivedi
After lung cancer and breast cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and has the second-highest fatality rate. Curcumin is one such naturally occurring dietary compound that demonstrated promise to treat colon cancer. For that, the goal of the current study was to coat curcumin with Eudragit S100 to treat colorectal cancer in the distal intestine release. The multiparticulate dosage form can increase the solubility of curcumin in the colon environment, sustain the drug release, and protect the drug from abrupt degradation in the colon environment. All of these alterations can enhance the colon tissue levels, especially in the colon cancer cells in the patients, and thereby can enhance the utility of the therapy. By using the ionotropic gelation technique, the formulations were made. Moreover, Design Expert 13 used a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) in this work to optimize the formulation for colon-targeted drug delivery. The concentration of potassium alginate, the concentration of calcium chloride, and the curing duration were considered independent variables, and prepared microbeads were refined to study their impacts on entrapment effectiveness and particle size. Eudragit S100 was enteric coated on Calcium alginate beads with an improved core. Regarding particle size and entrapment effectiveness, respectively, the polymer concentration and curing duration had a substantial impact. The ideal concentrations of calcium chloride and potassium alginate were 15% w/v and 6% w/v, respectively, with a 20-minute curing time. With a drug entrapment efficiency of 88.4%, the improved formulation had particles with a size of 708 μm. After 12 hours, 79.23±0.32% of the drug was released following an enteric coating of Eudragit S100 of optimized calcium alginate microbeads (10% weight gain). The present study conclusively demonstrates the usefulness of a Box-Behnken design in the optimization of colon-targeted formulations. To effectively treat colorectal cancer, enteric-coated calcium alginate microbeads can be administered orally to deliver curcumin precisely to the colon.
{"title":"Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation of Curcumin-loaded Calcium Alginate Microbeads using Box-Behnken Design for Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Amit Kumar Pandey, Udai Vir Singh Sara, Harinath Dwivedi","doi":"10.2174/012210299x250021230925041855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012210299x250021230925041855","url":null,"abstract":"After lung cancer and breast cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and has the second-highest fatality rate.\u0000Curcumin is one such naturally occurring dietary compound that demonstrated promise to treat colon cancer. For that, the goal of the current study\u0000was to coat curcumin with Eudragit S100 to treat colorectal cancer in the distal intestine release. The multiparticulate dosage form can increase the\u0000solubility of curcumin in the colon environment, sustain the drug release, and protect the drug from abrupt degradation in the colon environment.\u0000All of these alterations can enhance the colon tissue levels, especially in the colon cancer cells in the patients, and thereby can enhance the utility\u0000of the therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By using the ionotropic gelation technique, the formulations were made. Moreover, Design Expert 13 used a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken\u0000design (BBD) in this work to optimize the formulation for colon-targeted drug delivery. The concentration of potassium alginate, the concentration\u0000of calcium chloride, and the curing duration were considered independent variables, and prepared microbeads were refined to study their impacts\u0000on entrapment effectiveness and particle size. Eudragit S100 was enteric coated on Calcium alginate beads with an improved core.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Regarding particle size and entrapment effectiveness, respectively, the polymer concentration and curing duration had a substantial impact. The\u0000ideal concentrations of calcium chloride and potassium alginate were 15% w/v and 6% w/v, respectively, with a 20-minute curing time. With a\u0000drug entrapment efficiency of 88.4%, the improved formulation had particles with a size of 708 μm. After 12 hours, 79.23±0.32% of the drug was\u0000released following an enteric coating of Eudragit S100 of optimized calcium alginate microbeads (10% weight gain).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study conclusively demonstrates the usefulness of a Box-Behnken design in the optimization of colon-targeted formulations. To\u0000effectively treat colorectal cancer, enteric-coated calcium alginate microbeads can be administered orally to deliver curcumin precisely to the\u0000colon.","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.2174/012210299x250401231010114247
Rahul Khiste, Nilesh Kulkarni, Saylee Ganorkar
Background:: Diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure all considerably raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. When all three of these characteristics occur at once, a metabolic problem is postulated. A combination of antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and anti-diabetic medications is frequently utilised to treat cardiovascular diseases. While statins (fluvastatin, simvastatin, etc.) are used to lower cholesterol levels, calcium channel blockers (e.g. amlodipine, efonidipine, and azelnidipine, etc.) are used to target the smooth muscles of the heart. Diuretics (e.g. chlortalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, etc.) and angiotensin II receptor antagonist (blockers) are also used to manage high blood pressure. Objective:: The study aimed to review liquid chromatography and related high-performance (HPLC) techniques that have been developed and used for evaluating the above drugs, together with an overview of the research work published in various scientific and drugs-linked journals. Results:: A basic critical investigation of the detailed published information has been completed and the current status of HPLC and related techniques as a percent measure of calcium channel blockers has been examined. Conclusion:: This survey has explored several matrices, including pharmacological products and organic samples, as well as methods for examining direct calcium blockers in them. It also discusses the current state of calcium channel blocker stability investigations. Additionally, it offers scientific approaches for the concurrent estimate of angiotensin II receptor antagonism, diuretics, statins, and beta-blockers with calcium channel blockers.
{"title":"A Review on Recent Approaches for the Use of Different Analytical Techniques to Analyze some Calcium Channel Blockers and their Combinations with other Antihypertensive Drugs","authors":"Rahul Khiste, Nilesh Kulkarni, Saylee Ganorkar","doi":"10.2174/012210299x250401231010114247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012210299x250401231010114247","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure all considerably raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. When all three of these characteristics occur at once, a metabolic problem is postulated. A combination of antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and anti-diabetic medications is frequently utilised to treat cardiovascular diseases. While statins (fluvastatin, simvastatin, etc.) are used to lower cholesterol levels, calcium channel blockers (e.g. amlodipine, efonidipine, and azelnidipine, etc.) are used to target the smooth muscles of the heart. Diuretics (e.g. chlortalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, etc.) and angiotensin II receptor antagonist (blockers) are also used to manage high blood pressure. Objective:: The study aimed to review liquid chromatography and related high-performance (HPLC) techniques that have been developed and used for evaluating the above drugs, together with an overview of the research work published in various scientific and drugs-linked journals. Results:: A basic critical investigation of the detailed published information has been completed and the current status of HPLC and related techniques as a percent measure of calcium channel blockers has been examined. Conclusion:: This survey has explored several matrices, including pharmacological products and organic samples, as well as methods for examining direct calcium blockers in them. It also discusses the current state of calcium channel blocker stability investigations. Additionally, it offers scientific approaches for the concurrent estimate of angiotensin II receptor antagonism, diuretics, statins, and beta-blockers with calcium channel blockers.","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.2174/012210299x256025231010053232
Manvi -, Sagarika Majhi, RajKumari Kataria
Abstract: Around 2.5% of persons will experience obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which has a significant morbidity. About 70% of individuals might have significant symptom relief with the correct medicine. Pharmacological therapy is based on a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They are frequently given in higher doses and for longer durations compared to depression. Unfortunately, remission is not common. Second-line therapy that combines tricyclic clomipramine with low-dose neuroleptics is successful. For patients who are resistant to effective therapies, several augmentation procedures have been investigated, although they have not yet received strong support from controlled research. Psychotherapy and medication are frequently combined, however, thorough research has not shown that there are any synergistic benefits for adult patients. According to neuropsychological research, the development of OCD and cognitions is influenced by an imbalance in activity between the fronto-striatal circuitry's direct (excitatory) and indirect (inhibitory) pathways. A variety of anxiolytic qualities have been found in substances derived from plants that have been tested for various mental diseases. We did a detailed analysis of the pharmacological and clinical evidence of herbal medications and phytochemicals with anti-obsessive-compulsive properties using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, etc. to find out the status of the relevant research. The review is focused to identify the neurotransmitters involved in OCD along with the diagnostic biomarkers so as to identify the disease at an early stage and provide safe and effective pharmacotherapy. The findings showed that a number of plant remedies, comprising Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum, Echium amoenum, Crocus sativus, and Hypericum perforatum, as well as a number of natural compounds, including crocin, cannabidiol, and curcumin, have tentative low-quality evidence. The most important anti-OCD mechanism, according to existing pre-clinical studies and the need for more research to confirm its efficacy, may include manipulating the monoamine system, notably serotonin reuptake inhibition.
{"title":"A Review on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Neurotransmitters, Biomarkers and Pharmacotherapy","authors":"Manvi -, Sagarika Majhi, RajKumari Kataria","doi":"10.2174/012210299x256025231010053232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012210299x256025231010053232","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Around 2.5% of persons will experience obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which has a significant morbidity. About 70% of individuals might have significant symptom relief with the correct medicine. Pharmacological therapy is based on a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They are frequently given in higher doses and for longer durations compared to depression. Unfortunately, remission is not common. Second-line therapy that combines tricyclic clomipramine with low-dose neuroleptics is successful. For patients who are resistant to effective therapies, several augmentation procedures have been investigated, although they have not yet received strong support from controlled research. Psychotherapy and medication are frequently combined, however, thorough research has not shown that there are any synergistic benefits for adult patients. According to neuropsychological research, the development of OCD and cognitions is influenced by an imbalance in activity between the fronto-striatal circuitry's direct (excitatory) and indirect (inhibitory) pathways. A variety of anxiolytic qualities have been found in substances derived from plants that have been tested for various mental diseases. We did a detailed analysis of the pharmacological and clinical evidence of herbal medications and phytochemicals with anti-obsessive-compulsive properties using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, etc. to find out the status of the relevant research. The review is focused to identify the neurotransmitters involved in OCD along with the diagnostic biomarkers so as to identify the disease at an early stage and provide safe and effective pharmacotherapy. The findings showed that a number of plant remedies, comprising Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum, Echium amoenum, Crocus sativus, and Hypericum perforatum, as well as a number of natural compounds, including crocin, cannabidiol, and curcumin, have tentative low-quality evidence. The most important anti-OCD mechanism, according to existing pre-clinical studies and the need for more research to confirm its efficacy, may include manipulating the monoamine system, notably serotonin reuptake inhibition.","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"3 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.2174/012210299x250158231011042512
Ranjeet Kumar, Abrar Ahmad Zargar, Arvind Kumar, Ruby Gangwar, Amit Sharma
Abstract: This article aims to highlight the most recent information on the “tomato flu” epidemic in India. A new disease has sprung out in several areas of India. The illness had a rash that was predominantly seen in children under the age of five and was highly infectious. It was known as “tomato flu” because the rash was excruciatingly painful, and the blisters were the size of tiny tomatoes. None of the afflicted children experienced problems that would have resulted in death. The focus of the therapy was primarily symptomatic, supportive care along with isolation and sustaining hygiene standards. The RNA virus Coxsackievirus A16, a member of the Picornaviridae family, was shown to be the cause of this disease. A detailed literature review was performed on the epidemiology, aetiology, evolution, transmission, outbreak, preventive measures and management and treatment of tomato flu. The leading prevention is preventing infected children and infants from sharing clothes, food, and toys. Few drugs are used to prevent fever, but no antiviral drugs or vaccines are available to prevent tomato fever. We came to the conclusion that a novel form of Coxsackievirus A16 may be responsible for the current pandemic of this disease in India.
{"title":"An update on Tomato Flu Virus: A Mini-review","authors":"Ranjeet Kumar, Abrar Ahmad Zargar, Arvind Kumar, Ruby Gangwar, Amit Sharma","doi":"10.2174/012210299x250158231011042512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012210299x250158231011042512","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article aims to highlight the most recent information on the “tomato flu” epidemic in India. A new disease has sprung out in several areas of India. The illness had a rash that was predominantly seen in children under the age of five and was highly infectious. It was known as “tomato flu” because the rash was excruciatingly painful, and the blisters were the size of tiny tomatoes. None of the afflicted children experienced problems that would have resulted in death. The focus of the therapy was primarily symptomatic, supportive care along with isolation and sustaining hygiene standards. The RNA virus Coxsackievirus A16, a member of the Picornaviridae family, was shown to be the cause of this disease. A detailed literature review was performed on the epidemiology, aetiology, evolution, transmission, outbreak, preventive measures and management and treatment of tomato flu. The leading prevention is preventing infected children and infants from sharing clothes, food, and toys. Few drugs are used to prevent fever, but no antiviral drugs or vaccines are available to prevent tomato fever. We came to the conclusion that a novel form of Coxsackievirus A16 may be responsible for the current pandemic of this disease in India.","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.2174/012210299x256240231019071837
Monojit Debnath, Moulisha Roy, Debdip Sarkar, Payel Ghosh Chowdhury, Ayan Goswami, Asis Bala, Pallab Kanti Haldar
Background:: Vidangalilouham (VDL) is an Ayurveda classical Indian herbomineral preparation prescribed for its effective antidiabetic activity. Among the official formulations of Ayurveda, five different compositions are available by the same name. The particular composition used in this study is only marketed but has yet to be evaluated. Aim and Objective:: The study aimed to assess and validate the antihyperglycemic activity of VDL in high-fat and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal models. Methods:: High-fat diet-induced animal model of hyperglycemia was generated by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg body weight) into the rats fed with high fat for the previous 30 days. Seven days after STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with VDL orally at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days. The fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) were measured every 7th day during the 28 days of treatment. The glycosylated hemoglobin levels, liver and serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological findings were estimated and compared. Results and Discussion:: VDL-treated animals significantly exhibited reduced FBG levels compared to the diabetic control group. The lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels, such as CAT, GSH, and SOD, in the VDL-treated groups, were restored toward normal levels compared to diabetic control groups, and the values were comparable with the standard group (metformin). The critical diabetic marker, i.e., glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly (*p<0.05) decreased when treated with VDL. Conclusion:: Improvement in the FBG and the restoration of all other biomarkers observed in this study indicate VDL to have excellent antidiabetic activity with meager side effects, and thus, the findings provide a scientific rationale for its use as an antidiabetic agent.
{"title":"Antidiabetic Activity and HPTLC Analysis of a Classical Indian Herbomineral Formulation – Vidangadilouham","authors":"Monojit Debnath, Moulisha Roy, Debdip Sarkar, Payel Ghosh Chowdhury, Ayan Goswami, Asis Bala, Pallab Kanti Haldar","doi":"10.2174/012210299x256240231019071837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012210299x256240231019071837","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Vidangalilouham (VDL) is an Ayurveda classical Indian herbomineral preparation prescribed for its effective antidiabetic activity. Among the official formulations of Ayurveda, five different compositions are available by the same name. The particular composition used in this study is only marketed but has yet to be evaluated. Aim and Objective:: The study aimed to assess and validate the antihyperglycemic activity of VDL in high-fat and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal models. Methods:: High-fat diet-induced animal model of hyperglycemia was generated by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg body weight) into the rats fed with high fat for the previous 30 days. Seven days after STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with VDL orally at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days. The fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) were measured every 7th day during the 28 days of treatment. The glycosylated hemoglobin levels, liver and serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological findings were estimated and compared. Results and Discussion:: VDL-treated animals significantly exhibited reduced FBG levels compared to the diabetic control group. The lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels, such as CAT, GSH, and SOD, in the VDL-treated groups, were restored toward normal levels compared to diabetic control groups, and the values were comparable with the standard group (metformin). The critical diabetic marker, i.e., glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly (*p<0.05) decreased when treated with VDL. Conclusion:: Improvement in the FBG and the restoration of all other biomarkers observed in this study indicate VDL to have excellent antidiabetic activity with meager side effects, and thus, the findings provide a scientific rationale for its use as an antidiabetic agent.","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.2174/2210299x01666230906092321
Aparna Gunjal
{"title":"Medicinal plants and their phytochemicals","authors":"Aparna Gunjal","doi":"10.2174/2210299x01666230906092321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210299x01666230906092321","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135303047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Phyllanthus species plants along with their active constituent phyllanthin, are the most widely used plants to cure various diseases. Present studies indicate their applicability as anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, antiplasmodial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antineoplastic, diuretic, nephroprotective, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective properties. Objective: The objective of the present review is to study the recent literature and patents, including the various methods of extraction and isolation of phyllanthin along with its pharmacokinetics and clinical trials and mainly focussing on their anticancer potential along with a brief on other pharmacological activities. Methods: Recent prose and patents focussing on the anticancer potential of mainly P. amarus and P. niruri have been highlighted with special emphasis on scientific novelty and impact. Results: Both P.amarus and P.niruri displayed good anticancer potential in multiple tumors and synergistic effects when combined with other anticancer drugs. Ne isolation/extraction methods, clinical trials, and pharmacokinetic studies have been discussed. Conclusion: The anticancer potential of P.amarus and P.niruri has opened new avenues for further research. Clinical trials are the need of the hour to validate and confirm the tumor-suppressing properties of both plants.
{"title":"Promising Anticancer Stand-ins of Phyllanthus Species","authors":"None Simran, None Vani, Priyanka Kriplani, Kumar Guarve","doi":"10.2174/2210299x01666230906092220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210299x01666230906092220","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phyllanthus species plants along with their active constituent phyllanthin, are the most widely used plants to cure various diseases. Present studies indicate their applicability as anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, antiplasmodial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antineoplastic, diuretic, nephroprotective, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective properties. Objective: The objective of the present review is to study the recent literature and patents, including the various methods of extraction and isolation of phyllanthin along with its pharmacokinetics and clinical trials and mainly focussing on their anticancer potential along with a brief on other pharmacological activities. Methods: Recent prose and patents focussing on the anticancer potential of mainly P. amarus and P. niruri have been highlighted with special emphasis on scientific novelty and impact. Results: Both P.amarus and P.niruri displayed good anticancer potential in multiple tumors and synergistic effects when combined with other anticancer drugs. Ne isolation/extraction methods, clinical trials, and pharmacokinetic studies have been discussed. Conclusion: The anticancer potential of P.amarus and P.niruri has opened new avenues for further research. Clinical trials are the need of the hour to validate and confirm the tumor-suppressing properties of both plants.","PeriodicalId":479738,"journal":{"name":"Current Indian Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135489182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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