Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.1-12
Dr Somenath Ghosh, Durga Prasad TS, Ranjeet Kumar Chourasia, Dr Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are unique cells within tumors that resist standard treatments and initiate tumor formation. Their presence and that of their progenitors contribute to tumor complexity, posing challenges to effective cancer therapies. Nevertheless, research on CSC biology holds promise for targeted therapies and reducing disease recurrence. This review provides a concise overview of CSCs and recent studies to enhance understanding their role in tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment, thereby advancing cancer research. CSCs exist in various cancers and can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types within tumors. These properties make them primary drivers of tumor growth and progression. Importantly, CSCs exhibit inherent resistance to conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation, making them formidable obstacles to successful outcomes. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate biology of CSCs, uncovering vulnerabilities and potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches; by specifically targeting CSCs, treatment resistance may be overcome, eliminating cells responsible for tumor initiation and recurrence. The tumor microenvironment, comprising cellular and non-cellular components, is critical in supporting CSCs and promoting tumor growth. CSCs interact with stromal cells, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix, forming a complex network that fosters tumor progression and therapy resistance. Investigating these dynamic interactions is essential for identifying therapeutic targets and interventions that disrupt the supportive environment surrounding CSCs.In conclusion, CSCs present challenges due to treatment resistance and their role in tumor growth. However, ongoing CSC-focused research offers hope for targeted therapies and strategies to prevent disease recurrence. Understanding tumor heterogeneity and the interactions between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment is crucial for advancing cancer research and improving patient outcomes. Unraveling the complexities of CSC biology paves the way for innovative approaches to combat cancer at its core.
{"title":"CANCER STEM CELLS","authors":"Dr Somenath Ghosh, Durga Prasad TS, Ranjeet Kumar Chourasia, Dr Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.1-12","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are unique cells within tumors that resist standard treatments and initiate tumor formation. Their presence and that of their progenitors contribute to tumor complexity, posing challenges to effective cancer therapies. Nevertheless, research on CSC biology holds promise for targeted therapies and reducing disease recurrence. This review provides a concise overview of CSCs and recent studies to enhance understanding their role in tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment, thereby advancing cancer research. CSCs exist in various cancers and can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types within tumors. These properties make them primary drivers of tumor growth and progression. Importantly, CSCs exhibit inherent resistance to conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation, making them formidable obstacles to successful outcomes. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate biology of CSCs, uncovering vulnerabilities and potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches; by specifically targeting CSCs, treatment resistance may be overcome, eliminating cells responsible for tumor initiation and recurrence. The tumor microenvironment, comprising cellular and non-cellular components, is critical in supporting CSCs and promoting tumor growth. CSCs interact with stromal cells, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix, forming a complex network that fosters tumor progression and therapy resistance. Investigating these dynamic interactions is essential for identifying therapeutic targets and interventions that disrupt the supportive environment surrounding CSCs.In conclusion, CSCs present challenges due to treatment resistance and their role in tumor growth. However, ongoing CSC-focused research offers hope for targeted therapies and strategies to prevent disease recurrence. Understanding tumor heterogeneity and the interactions between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment is crucial for advancing cancer research and improving patient outcomes. Unraveling the complexities of CSC biology paves the way for innovative approaches to combat cancer at its core.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.38-51
Dr Somenath Ghosh, Kiruthika Balasubramanian, J Andrews Milton, Dr Vinayak B Angadi, Hadi Kuriri, Dr Umesh Ghate, Dr Radhika Ketkar
It is a key priority in public health to treat illnesses due to the rising frequency of obesity-related malignancies. Around 11.9% of male and 13.1% of female cancer cases worldwide have an obesity-related malignancy as their primary cause. In addition to colorectal, postmenopausal ovarian, breast, gallbladder, thyroid, and multiple myeloma cancers, endometrial, esophageal, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, renal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and thyroid cancer, the relationship between obesity and cancer is clear in many anatomical sites. This article provides a thorough overview of the most recent epidemiological data on obesity and its connection to cancer in light of this urgent issue. The contradiction of weight increase and cancer risk and death. Furthermore, examining BMI differences in obesity-related malignancies offers a comprehensive grasp of the disease's complexities. These mechanisms include adipokine pathophysiology, cellular and micro environmental changes, ectopic fat accumulation, disruptions in dietary nutrients, circadian cycles, and potential factors like alteration of the intestinal flora and mechanical influences on weight. The conclusion's discussion of potential future approaches to prevention, detection, and treatment highlights the pressing need for more study and action on this important public health problem. The main objective is to increase knowledge of the complexity of obesity-related malignancies and increase awareness of it to create efficient methods for prevention and treatment. This review offers insight into how potential processes and risk factors combine on target tissues, ultimately causing them to take on a feature of cancer by addressing these important aspects. This review focuses on the Epidemiology of obesity influencing cancer, links between obesity and cancer, the influence of cancer by weight growth, somatometry, biological links, ectopic fat deposition, insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, obesity influencing widely occurring cancers, and FTO protein.
{"title":"Obesity and Cancer","authors":"Dr Somenath Ghosh, Kiruthika Balasubramanian, J Andrews Milton, Dr Vinayak B Angadi, Hadi Kuriri, Dr Umesh Ghate, Dr Radhika Ketkar","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.38-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.38-51","url":null,"abstract":"It is a key priority in public health to treat illnesses due to the rising frequency of obesity-related malignancies. Around 11.9% of male and 13.1% of female cancer cases worldwide have an obesity-related malignancy as their primary cause. In addition to colorectal, postmenopausal ovarian, breast, gallbladder, thyroid, and multiple myeloma cancers, endometrial, esophageal, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, renal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and thyroid cancer, the relationship between obesity and cancer is clear in many anatomical sites. This article provides a thorough overview of the most recent epidemiological data on obesity and its connection to cancer in light of this urgent issue. The contradiction of weight increase and cancer risk and death. Furthermore, examining BMI differences in obesity-related malignancies offers a comprehensive grasp of the disease's complexities. These mechanisms include adipokine pathophysiology, cellular and micro environmental changes, ectopic fat accumulation, disruptions in dietary nutrients, circadian cycles, and potential factors like alteration of the intestinal flora and mechanical influences on weight. The conclusion's discussion of potential future approaches to prevention, detection, and treatment highlights the pressing need for more study and action on this important public health problem. The main objective is to increase knowledge of the complexity of obesity-related malignancies and increase awareness of it to create efficient methods for prevention and treatment. This review offers insight into how potential processes and risk factors combine on target tissues, ultimately causing them to take on a feature of cancer by addressing these important aspects. This review focuses on the Epidemiology of obesity influencing cancer, links between obesity and cancer, the influence of cancer by weight growth, somatometry, biological links, ectopic fat deposition, insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, obesity influencing widely occurring cancers, and FTO protein.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.13-22
Anand Mohan Jha, Dr Vinayak B Angadi, Hadi Kuriri, Dr Manam Mani Srikanth, Dr Asmita Rohan Sakore
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCLCA) is a fatal hepatobiliary tumor becoming more common. For a long time, it was largely ignored as an uncommon cancer and commonly misdiagnosed as carcinoma of unidentified origin; nonetheless, significant clinical and research attention has been dedicated to it lately. First-line (gemcitabine and cisplatin), second-line (FOLFOX), and adjuvant (capecitabine) systemic chemotherapy is the accepted standard of treatment. iCLCA is genetically unique from hepatocellular carcinoma, with multiple targetable genetic abnormalities reported to be far. Indeed, FGFR2, NTRK fusions, IDH1, and BRAF targetable mutations have been thoroughly studied, and clinical evidence on pharmacologically targeting these oncogenic drivers is emerging. In addition, the role of immunotherapy has been investigated and is a hot topic. There is a need for therapeutic interventions for these ailments. Our review focuses on Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, Extrahepaticcholangiocarcinoma, Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor, IDH inhibitors, and Liver Cancer.
{"title":"Advances in The Treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma-ICLCA","authors":"Anand Mohan Jha, Dr Vinayak B Angadi, Hadi Kuriri, Dr Manam Mani Srikanth, Dr Asmita Rohan Sakore","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.13-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.13-22","url":null,"abstract":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCLCA) is a fatal hepatobiliary tumor becoming more common. For a long time, it was largely ignored as an uncommon cancer and commonly misdiagnosed as carcinoma of unidentified origin; nonetheless, significant clinical and research attention has been dedicated to it lately. First-line (gemcitabine and cisplatin), second-line (FOLFOX), and adjuvant (capecitabine) systemic chemotherapy is the accepted standard of treatment. iCLCA is genetically unique from hepatocellular carcinoma, with multiple targetable genetic abnormalities reported to be far. Indeed, FGFR2, NTRK fusions, IDH1, and BRAF targetable mutations have been thoroughly studied, and clinical evidence on pharmacologically targeting these oncogenic drivers is emerging. In addition, the role of immunotherapy has been investigated and is a hot topic. There is a need for therapeutic interventions for these ailments. Our review focuses on Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, Extrahepaticcholangiocarcinoma, Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor, IDH inhibitors, and Liver Cancer.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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