Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.59-65
Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy, Shankar Das, R. Dwivedi, Mohini Gautam, Sanskriti Tripathy
Population growth is related to high fertility rates, thus grading multiparous women in the risk zone of cervical cancer.Cervical cancer is a chronic phenomenon of cervical erosion. Following that the body goes through is the Human Papilloma Virusinfection, which becomes the main reason for cervical cancer. The review article deals with the status of cervical cancer at theglobal level, followed by the situation in India. Further, the article discusses the role and status of HPV vaccines globally andnationally. The role of homeopathy of the Ministry of AYUSH of India in cervical cancer is discussed in the later section of thearticle. Here, it is proposed that a multi-stage treatment protocol based on therapeutics in homoeopathic materia medica will bean effective tool. The article's focus on homeopathy as the therapeutic system which can cover masses through its properties likecost effectiveness, therapeutic effectiveness, and less side effects.
{"title":"Homoeopathy in Cervical Cancer","authors":"Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy, Shankar Das, R. Dwivedi, Mohini Gautam, Sanskriti Tripathy","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.59-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.59-65","url":null,"abstract":"Population growth is related to high fertility rates, thus grading multiparous women in the risk zone of cervical cancer.Cervical cancer is a chronic phenomenon of cervical erosion. Following that the body goes through is the Human Papilloma Virusinfection, which becomes the main reason for cervical cancer. The review article deals with the status of cervical cancer at theglobal level, followed by the situation in India. Further, the article discusses the role and status of HPV vaccines globally andnationally. The role of homeopathy of the Ministry of AYUSH of India in cervical cancer is discussed in the later section of thearticle. Here, it is proposed that a multi-stage treatment protocol based on therapeutics in homoeopathic materia medica will bean effective tool. The article's focus on homeopathy as the therapeutic system which can cover masses through its properties likecost effectiveness, therapeutic effectiveness, and less side effects.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"56 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.27-36
Dr. Anand Mohan Jha, Dr. Abikesh Prasada Kumar Mahapatra, Dr. John Abraham, Dr. Somenath Ghosh
Breast Cancer (BC) is a major universal health problem. Early detection and precise diagnosis are vital for enlightening outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies can potentially revolutionize the field of BC by providing quantitative representations of medical images to assist in segmentation, diagnosis, and prognosis. AI can improve image quality, detect and segment breast lesions, classify cancer and predict its behavior, and integrate data from multiple sources to predict clinical outcomes. It can lead to more personalized and effective treatment for BC patients. Challenges faced by AI in real-life solicitations include data curation, model interpretability, and run-through guidelines. However, the clinical implementation of AI is expected to deliver vital guidance for patient-tailored management. BC is a major global health problem; early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Imaging detection is a key screening, diagnosis, and treatment effectiveness assessment tool. However, the irresistible number of images creates a heavy capacity for radiologists and delays reporting. AI has the potential to revolutionize BC imaging by improving efficiency and accuracy. AI can recognize, segment, and diagnose tumor lesions automatically and analyze tumor images on a molecular level. It could lead to more personalized treatment strategies. However, AI-assisted imaging diagnosis is still in its early stages of development, and more research is needed to validate its clinical effectiveness. Therefore, AI is a promising new technology that has the potential to progress the diagnosis and treatment of BC, and AI-assisted imaging diagnosis is a promising new technology for improving the early detection and diagnosis of BC. More research is needed to bring this technology to clinical practice.
乳腺癌（BC）是一个重大的普遍健康问题。早期发现和精确诊断对改善治疗效果至关重要。人工智能（AI）技术可提供医学图像的定量表示，以协助分割、诊断和预后，从而为乳腺癌领域带来潜在的变革。人工智能可以提高图像质量、检测和分割乳腺病变、对癌症进行分类并预测其行为，还能整合多种来源的数据以预测临床结果。它可以为乳腺癌患者提供更加个性化和有效的治疗。人工智能在实际应用中面临的挑战包括数据整理、模型可解释性和运行指南。然而，人工智能的临床应用有望为针对患者的管理提供重要指导。乳腺癌是一个重大的全球性健康问题；早期检测和治疗对改善预后至关重要。成像检测是一种重要的筛查、诊断和治疗效果评估工具。然而，无法抗拒的图像数量给放射科医生带来了沉重的负担，并延误了报告时间。通过提高效率和准确性，人工智能有望彻底改变 BC 成像。人工智能可以自动识别、分割和诊断肿瘤病变，并在分子水平上分析肿瘤图像。它可以带来更加个性化的治疗策略。然而，人工智能辅助影像诊断仍处于早期发展阶段，还需要更多的研究来验证其临床效果。因此，人工智能是一项前景广阔的新技术，有可能推动 BC 的诊断和治疗，而人工智能辅助影像诊断则是一项有望改善 BC 早期检测和诊断的新技术。要将这项技术应用于临床实践，还需要更多的研究。
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence - A Primer for Diagnosis and Interpretation of Breast Cancer","authors":"Dr. Anand Mohan Jha, Dr. Abikesh Prasada Kumar Mahapatra, Dr. John Abraham, Dr. Somenath Ghosh","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.27-36","url":null,"abstract":"Breast Cancer (BC) is a major universal health problem. Early detection and precise diagnosis are vital for enlightening outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies can potentially revolutionize the field of BC by providing quantitative representations of medical images to assist in segmentation, diagnosis, and prognosis. AI can improve image quality, detect and segment breast lesions, classify cancer and predict its behavior, and integrate data from multiple sources to predict clinical outcomes. It can lead to more personalized and effective treatment for BC patients. Challenges faced by AI in real-life solicitations include data curation, model interpretability, and run-through guidelines. However, the clinical implementation of AI is expected to deliver vital guidance for patient-tailored management. BC is a major global health problem; early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Imaging detection is a key screening, diagnosis, and treatment effectiveness assessment tool. However, the irresistible number of images creates a heavy capacity for radiologists and delays reporting. AI has the potential to revolutionize BC imaging by improving efficiency and accuracy. AI can recognize, segment, and diagnose tumor lesions automatically and analyze tumor images on a molecular level. It could lead to more personalized treatment strategies. However, AI-assisted imaging diagnosis is still in its early stages of development, and more research is needed to validate its clinical effectiveness. Therefore, AI is a promising new technology that has the potential to progress the diagnosis and treatment of BC, and AI-assisted imaging diagnosis is a promising new technology for improving the early detection and diagnosis of BC. More research is needed to bring this technology to clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2023.2.1.1-9
Dr Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood, Sudhakar Srinivasan, Challaraj Emmanuel E. S
In this review cancer treatment, despite notable progress, challenges persist globally. Traditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, while effective, often compromise patients' overall quality of life due to side effects. Immunotherapeutic strategies, especially Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells, show promise by leveraging the immune system to target tumors independently of certain immune escape mechanisms. However, CAR-T cells' specificity to surface antigens limits their applicability. Precise cancer management demands ongoing research to refine and broaden these therapies. Employing CAR or T-cell receptor therapies, genetic engineering enhances T-cell antigenic specificity, optimizing cancer immunotherapy precision. CARs, synthetic receptors engineered for tumor antigen recognition, represent a groundbreaking approach, intertwining immunotherapy, gene therapy, and cancer therapy. The human immune system's ability to discern self from non-self-entities forms the basis of immunotherapy, fostering innovative modalities that selectively target cancer cells. CAR-T therapy, with FDA approval for leukemia and lymphoma, holds transformative potential but faces safety and efficacy challenges. Advances, including mitigating cytotoxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy, show promise. Utilizing genetic alteration, CARs have shown efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly CD19 CARs in B cell blood cancers. Current study is investigating the potential uses of CAR-T cell treatment in patients with lymphoma and myeloma.
回顾癌症治疗，尽管取得了显著进展，但全球范围内的挑战依然存在。手术、化疗和放疗等传统方法虽然有效，但往往因副作用而影响患者的整体生活质量。免疫治疗策略，尤其是嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞，通过利用免疫系统，在不受某些免疫逃逸机制影响的情况下靶向肿瘤，显示了其前景。然而，CAR-T 细胞对表面抗原的特异性限制了其适用性。要精确治疗癌症，就需要不断进行研究，以完善和拓宽这些疗法。利用 CAR 或 T 细胞受体疗法，基因工程增强了 T 细胞的抗原特异性，从而优化了癌症免疫疗法的精确性。CAR 是为识别肿瘤抗原而设计的合成受体，是一种突破性方法，将免疫疗法、基因疗法和癌症疗法结合在一起。人类免疫系统辨别自我与非自我实体的能力是免疫疗法的基础，它促进了选择性靶向癌细胞的创新模式。CAR-T 疗法已获得美国食品及药物管理局批准用于治疗白血病和淋巴瘤，具有变革潜力，但在安全性和有效性方面面临挑战。包括减轻细胞毒性和提高疗效在内的各种进展表明，CAR-T疗法大有可为。利用基因改变，CAR 在治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤方面显示出疗效，尤其是 CD19 CAR 在 B 细胞血癌方面的疗效。目前的研究正在调查 CAR-T 细胞治疗淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤患者的潜在用途。
{"title":"Precision Targeting and Genetically Modified T Cells for Targeting Cancer Cells","authors":"Dr Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood, Sudhakar Srinivasan, Challaraj Emmanuel E. S","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2023.2.1.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2023.2.1.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this review cancer treatment, despite notable progress, challenges persist globally. Traditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, while effective, often compromise patients' overall quality of life due to side effects. Immunotherapeutic strategies, especially Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells, show promise by leveraging the immune system to target tumors independently of certain immune escape mechanisms. However, CAR-T cells' specificity to surface antigens limits their applicability. Precise cancer management demands ongoing research to refine and broaden these therapies. Employing CAR or T-cell receptor therapies, genetic engineering enhances T-cell antigenic specificity, optimizing cancer immunotherapy precision. CARs, synthetic receptors engineered for tumor antigen recognition, represent a groundbreaking approach, intertwining immunotherapy, gene therapy, and cancer therapy. The human immune system's ability to discern self from non-self-entities forms the basis of immunotherapy, fostering innovative modalities that selectively target cancer cells. CAR-T therapy, with FDA approval for leukemia and lymphoma, holds transformative potential but faces safety and efficacy challenges. Advances, including mitigating cytotoxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy, show promise. Utilizing genetic alteration, CARs have shown efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly CD19 CARs in B cell blood cancers. Current study is investigating the potential uses of CAR-T cell treatment in patients with lymphoma and myeloma.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"8 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2023.2.1.10-18
Dr Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood, Dr. Anand Mohan Jha, Kavitha Manivannan
Over the past two decades, advancements in cancer research have influenced the molecular landscape, revealing the intricate heterogeneity inherent in various tumors and diseases. It has challenged the viability of universal treatment approaches, leading to the rise of precision oncology, a strategy focused on administering personalized treatments to the right patient at the right time. Leveraging molecular biomarker profiling, precision oncology aims for optimal clinical efficacy, minimal safety concerns, and reduced financial burden. Predictive biomarker assays have become pivotal in therapy selection, evaluating specific biological characteristics like protein expression or gene mutations associated with positive treatment responses. Profiling DNA emerges as a pivotal aspect, unraveling the genetic intricacies guiding personalized treatment plans. Treatment decision-making in precision medicine, coupled with the transformative impact of immunotherapy, underscores the paradigm shift in patient care. Nanomaterials exhibit promise in precision therapy, revolutionizing drug delivery. Biomarkers play a crucial role in tailoring interventions, while radiotheranostics further enhance precision in cancer treatment. The integration of artificial intelligence amplifies diagnostic and therapeutic precision, fostering a dynamic landscape in personalized medicine. Tackling these challenges is crucial, particularly in the face of tumor heterogeneity and high mutation rates in certain cancers that resist standardized approaches. Precision medicine acknowledges diverse variables influencing outcomes but focuses on genetic and molecular elements grounded in an enhanced understanding of cancer biology. The primary goal of precision medicine is to selectively intervene to benefit responsive patients while avoiding unnecessary and potentially harmful treatments. This review comprehensively explores key facets of precision medicine, focusing on DNA profiling, and seeks to elucidate the role of genetic information in personalized treatment decisions. Additionally, it delves into the intersection of precision medicine with immunotherapy, showcasing advancements in tailoring therapies to individual immune responses. The article also discusses the innovative use of nanomaterials for precise therapeutic interventions, emphasizes the significance of biomarkers in guiding targeted treatments, explores radio theranostics, and evaluates the transformative impact of artificial intelligence in precision medicine.
过去二十年来，癌症研究的进步影响了分子格局，揭示了各种肿瘤和疾病固有的复杂异质性。这对通用治疗方法的可行性提出了挑战，导致了精准肿瘤学的兴起，这是一种专注于在正确的时间为正确的患者提供个性化治疗的策略。利用分子生物标志物分析，精准肿瘤学旨在实现最佳临床疗效、最小的安全性问题和减轻经济负担。预测性生物标志物检测已成为疗法选择的关键，可评估与积极治疗反应相关的蛋白质表达或基因突变等特定生物特征。DNA 图谱分析是一个关键环节，它揭示了指导个性化治疗计划的复杂基因。精准医疗的治疗决策，加上免疫疗法的变革性影响，凸显了患者护理模式的转变。纳米材料在精准治疗中大有可为，将彻底改变药物输送方式。生物标志物在调整干预措施方面发挥着至关重要的作用，而放射治疗则进一步提高了癌症治疗的精准度。人工智能的融入提高了诊断和治疗的精准度，促进了个性化医疗的蓬勃发展。应对这些挑战至关重要，尤其是面对肿瘤的异质性和某些癌症的高突变率，这些都会抵制标准化方法。精准医疗承认影响治疗结果的变量多种多样，但其重点是基于对癌症生物学的深入理解的遗传和分子因素。精准医疗的主要目标是有选择性地进行干预，使反应灵敏的患者受益，同时避免不必要和可能有害的治疗。这篇综述全面探讨了精准医疗的关键方面，重点关注 DNA 图谱，并试图阐明基因信息在个性化治疗决策中的作用。此外，文章还深入探讨了精准医疗与免疫疗法的交叉点，展示了针对个体免疫反应定制疗法的进展。文章还讨论了纳米材料在精准治疗干预中的创新应用，强调了生物标记在指导靶向治疗中的重要意义，探讨了放射治疗学，并评估了人工智能在精准医疗中的变革性影响。
{"title":"Precision Medicine: Personalizing The Fight Against Cancer","authors":"Dr Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood, Dr. Anand Mohan Jha, Kavitha Manivannan","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2023.2.1.10-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2023.2.1.10-18","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, advancements in cancer research have influenced the molecular landscape, revealing the intricate heterogeneity inherent in various tumors and diseases. It has challenged the viability of universal treatment approaches, leading to the rise of precision oncology, a strategy focused on administering personalized treatments to the right patient at the right time. Leveraging molecular biomarker profiling, precision oncology aims for optimal clinical efficacy, minimal safety concerns, and reduced financial burden. Predictive biomarker assays have become pivotal in therapy selection, evaluating specific biological characteristics like protein expression or gene mutations associated with positive treatment responses. Profiling DNA emerges as a pivotal aspect, unraveling the genetic intricacies guiding personalized treatment plans. Treatment decision-making in precision medicine, coupled with the transformative impact of immunotherapy, underscores the paradigm shift in patient care. Nanomaterials exhibit promise in precision therapy, revolutionizing drug delivery. Biomarkers play a crucial role in tailoring interventions, while radiotheranostics further enhance precision in cancer treatment. The integration of artificial intelligence amplifies diagnostic and therapeutic precision, fostering a dynamic landscape in personalized medicine. Tackling these challenges is crucial, particularly in the face of tumor heterogeneity and high mutation rates in certain cancers that resist standardized approaches. Precision medicine acknowledges diverse variables influencing outcomes but focuses on genetic and molecular elements grounded in an enhanced understanding of cancer biology. The primary goal of precision medicine is to selectively intervene to benefit responsive patients while avoiding unnecessary and potentially harmful treatments. This review comprehensively explores key facets of precision medicine, focusing on DNA profiling, and seeks to elucidate the role of genetic information in personalized treatment decisions. Additionally, it delves into the intersection of precision medicine with immunotherapy, showcasing advancements in tailoring therapies to individual immune responses. The article also discusses the innovative use of nanomaterials for precise therapeutic interventions, emphasizes the significance of biomarkers in guiding targeted treatments, explores radio theranostics, and evaluates the transformative impact of artificial intelligence in precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"45 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.46-58
Somenath Ghosh, Devika S Kumar, Ratna Kumari Nitta, Nilima Gajbhiye, M. H. S. Rani
Cancer immunotherapy has proven effective in treating malignant diseases, but only a small percentage of patients experience completeand durable responses to current treatments. This highlights the need for more effective immunotherapies, combination treatments, andpredictive biomarkers. The molecular properties of a tumor, intratumor heterogeneity, and the tumor immune microenvironment are key targetsfor precision cancer medicine. Humanized mice that support the engraftment of patient-derived tumors and recapitulate the human tumorimmune microenvironment of patients represent a promising preclinical model for addressing fundamental questions in precision immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy. The microenvironmental physiology of tumors is unique from normal tissues, characterized by oxygendepletion, glucose and energy deprivation, high lactate levels, and extracellular acidosis. Hypoxia and other hostile microenvironmental parameterscan confer resistance to irradiation, leading to treatment failure. Pretreatment assessment of critical microenvironmental parameters is neededto select patients who could benefit from special treatment approaches, such as hypoxia-targeting therapy. Acquired resistance to varioustherapeutic interventions is a hallmark of cancer, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression, particularlytherapeutic resistance. Targeting the TME as an essential strategy to overcome cancer resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes throughprecise intervention is highly desired. Cell stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Theinflammatory microenvironment is an essential component of the tumor microenvironment, and understanding the key factors that exertimportant actions in the tumor process would be important to improve clinical outcomes.
{"title":"Understanding The Influence of Tumour Microenvironment Variability On Therapeutic Effectiveness","authors":"Somenath Ghosh, Devika S Kumar, Ratna Kumari Nitta, Nilima Gajbhiye, M. H. S. Rani","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.46-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.46-58","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer immunotherapy has proven effective in treating malignant diseases, but only a small percentage of patients experience completeand durable responses to current treatments. This highlights the need for more effective immunotherapies, combination treatments, andpredictive biomarkers. The molecular properties of a tumor, intratumor heterogeneity, and the tumor immune microenvironment are key targetsfor precision cancer medicine. Humanized mice that support the engraftment of patient-derived tumors and recapitulate the human tumorimmune microenvironment of patients represent a promising preclinical model for addressing fundamental questions in precision immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy. The microenvironmental physiology of tumors is unique from normal tissues, characterized by oxygendepletion, glucose and energy deprivation, high lactate levels, and extracellular acidosis. Hypoxia and other hostile microenvironmental parameterscan confer resistance to irradiation, leading to treatment failure. Pretreatment assessment of critical microenvironmental parameters is neededto select patients who could benefit from special treatment approaches, such as hypoxia-targeting therapy. Acquired resistance to varioustherapeutic interventions is a hallmark of cancer, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression, particularlytherapeutic resistance. Targeting the TME as an essential strategy to overcome cancer resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes throughprecise intervention is highly desired. Cell stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Theinflammatory microenvironment is an essential component of the tumor microenvironment, and understanding the key factors that exertimportant actions in the tumor process would be important to improve clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"16 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.19-26
Dr B Sreedevi, Dr N Kishore, Dr. Somenath Ghosh, Gurman Kaur
This review discusses the urgent requirements in modern oncology to address the complexities associated with metastatic cancer, a condition that often lacks comprehensive understanding, particularly concerning receptor expression. The emerging concept of theranostics, which merges precise diagnostics and therapies within the precision medicine framework, underscores the need for further investigation. A central focus of this review is radiotheranostics, a versatile approach offering personalized diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. It examines the intricate components of radiotheranostics, such as radionuclides, metal-complexing agents, and receptor-specific agents designed to target molecular markers linked to cancer selectively. The study explores potential applications of radiotheranostics, especially in scenarios where conventional treatments have limitations. Investigating patient acceptance and determining the optimal administration route are critical aspects that demand thorough examination to facilitate the integration of radiotheranostics into clinical practice. Furthermore, this review aims to reveal the potential of new ligands and isotopes to enhance the effectiveness of radiotheranostics. Molecular imaging, functioning at the molecular and cellular levels, constitutes a significant element of this study, delivering in-depth anatomical and functional insights. Recognizing the pivotal role of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in precise cancer treatment, the review explores techniques for their identification and characterization within the framework of radiotheranostics. Despite its promise, radiotheranostics faces unique challenges from logistical constraints and regulatory intricacies, setting it apart from conventional chemotherapy. This review seeks to elucidate these challenges and provide potential solutions. In summary, this review responds to the crucial need for advancing our understanding and application of radiotheranostics, holding the potential to offer significant palliative measures, extend patient survival, and even provide cures, particularly for those with metastatic disease and suitable molecular targets.
{"title":"Radiotheranostics in Oncology","authors":"Dr B Sreedevi, Dr N Kishore, Dr. Somenath Ghosh, Gurman Kaur","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.19-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.19-26","url":null,"abstract":"This review discusses the urgent requirements in modern oncology to address the complexities associated with metastatic cancer, a condition that often lacks comprehensive understanding, particularly concerning receptor expression. The emerging concept of theranostics, which merges precise diagnostics and therapies within the precision medicine framework, underscores the need for further investigation. A central focus of this review is radiotheranostics, a versatile approach offering personalized diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. It examines the intricate components of radiotheranostics, such as radionuclides, metal-complexing agents, and receptor-specific agents designed to target molecular markers linked to cancer selectively. The study explores potential applications of radiotheranostics, especially in scenarios where conventional treatments have limitations. Investigating patient acceptance and determining the optimal administration route are critical aspects that demand thorough examination to facilitate the integration of radiotheranostics into clinical practice. Furthermore, this review aims to reveal the potential of new ligands and isotopes to enhance the effectiveness of radiotheranostics. Molecular imaging, functioning at the molecular and cellular levels, constitutes a significant element of this study, delivering in-depth anatomical and functional insights. Recognizing the pivotal role of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in precise cancer treatment, the review explores techniques for their identification and characterization within the framework of radiotheranostics. Despite its promise, radiotheranostics faces unique challenges from logistical constraints and regulatory intricacies, setting it apart from conventional chemotherapy. This review seeks to elucidate these challenges and provide potential solutions. In summary, this review responds to the crucial need for advancing our understanding and application of radiotheranostics, holding the potential to offer significant palliative measures, extend patient survival, and even provide cures, particularly for those with metastatic disease and suitable molecular targets.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"10 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.37-45
Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood, Dr Roopa Murgod, Saswat swarup Badapanda, Dr. John Abraham
Over the last ten years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly contributed to solving several health issues, such as cancer.Deep Learning (DL), a subset of adaptable AI that facilitates automated identification of important characteristics, is rapidly used in manyfundamental and clinical cancer investigation domains. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent instances of AI utilizedin oncology. It highlights how DL techniques have effectively resolved previously deemed unsolvable issues and discusses the challengesthat must be addressed for the wider implementation of such applications. In addition, we emphasize valuable resources and datasets thatmight facilitate the use of AI in cancer research. In the next decade, the development of novel AI methods and their practical use willprovide valuable knowledge in the field of cancer. The advancement of AI technology has proven rapid in recent times and is beingincorporated into every facet of life. The medical profession is also advancing in the deployment of AI-equipped medical equipment. AI isanticipated to have a significant impact on achieving the present worldwide movement towards precision medicine. This article offers acomprehensive summary of the historical development of AI and the current advancements in medical AI, with a specific emphasis oncancer.In addition, while AI has significant promise, several unresolved concerns exist.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Oncology: Present Potential, Prospective Prospects, And Ethical Reviews","authors":"Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood, Dr Roopa Murgod, Saswat swarup Badapanda, Dr. John Abraham","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.37-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2024.2.1.37-45","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last ten years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly contributed to solving several health issues, such as cancer.Deep Learning (DL), a subset of adaptable AI that facilitates automated identification of important characteristics, is rapidly used in manyfundamental and clinical cancer investigation domains. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent instances of AI utilizedin oncology. It highlights how DL techniques have effectively resolved previously deemed unsolvable issues and discusses the challengesthat must be addressed for the wider implementation of such applications. In addition, we emphasize valuable resources and datasets thatmight facilitate the use of AI in cancer research. In the next decade, the development of novel AI methods and their practical use willprovide valuable knowledge in the field of cancer. The advancement of AI technology has proven rapid in recent times and is beingincorporated into every facet of life. The medical profession is also advancing in the deployment of AI-equipped medical equipment. AI isanticipated to have a significant impact on achieving the present worldwide movement towards precision medicine. This article offers acomprehensive summary of the historical development of AI and the current advancements in medical AI, with a specific emphasis oncancer.In addition, while AI has significant promise, several unresolved concerns exist.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"33 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.23-31
Dr Somenath Ghosh, Dr Sanjeev Kumar Jha, Mohamed Osman Elamin Bushara, Dr Asit Kumar, Varsha Umesh Ghate
With estimates ranging from 30% to 40%, addressing noncommunicable disease risk factors, such as cancer, industrialized countries has the potential to considerably lower premature mortality. The need to battle climate change has also become more urgent, with recent accords calling for a 45% decrease in CO2 emissions by 2030 and the achievement of net-zero emissions by 2050. The current article shows how cancer prevention and mitigating climate change may work well together. The power of this approach's capacity to produce both short-term climate improvements and long-term health benefits through well-coordinated intersectoral policies. A growing body of evidence indicates that several variables, including environmental factors, affect cancer. Extreme weather conditions and rising global temperatures have increased exposure to environmental carcinogens and lowered air and water quality. Higher cancer risks can result from discharging pollutants and harmful materials into the environment. In addition, skin cancer occurrences have been related to varying weather patterns and continuous exposure to UV light. In addition to producing dietary imbalances and reducing the availability of nutrient-dense food, climate change has also disturbed ecosystems, which may be another factor in cancer development. In addition to the effects of climate change, alcohol, and cigarette use continue to be major contributors to the rise in cancer cases in recent years. Smoking tobacco is a significant risk factor for lung cancer and has been related to many other cancers, such as the mouth, throat, oesophagus, and bladder. Similarly, drinking too much alcohol raises your chance of getting many cancers, including those of the liver, breast, colon, and oesophagus. Alcohol and cigarette usage together can increase the chance of developing cancer. This review focuses on environmental carcinogens, the processing of food, an epidemic of skin cancer, photocarcinogenesis, global warming, air pollution, and methods of mitigating cancer.
{"title":"Climate Changes and Cancer","authors":"Dr Somenath Ghosh, Dr Sanjeev Kumar Jha, Mohamed Osman Elamin Bushara, Dr Asit Kumar, Varsha Umesh Ghate","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.23-31","url":null,"abstract":"With estimates ranging from 30% to 40%, addressing noncommunicable disease risk factors, such as cancer, industrialized countries has the potential to considerably lower premature mortality. The need to battle climate change has also become more urgent, with recent accords calling for a 45% decrease in CO2 emissions by 2030 and the achievement of net-zero emissions by 2050. The current article shows how cancer prevention and mitigating climate change may work well together. The power of this approach's capacity to produce both short-term climate improvements and long-term health benefits through well-coordinated intersectoral policies. A growing body of evidence indicates that several variables, including environmental factors, affect cancer. Extreme weather conditions and rising global temperatures have increased exposure to environmental carcinogens and lowered air and water quality. Higher cancer risks can result from discharging pollutants and harmful materials into the environment. In addition, skin cancer occurrences have been related to varying weather patterns and continuous exposure to UV light. In addition to producing dietary imbalances and reducing the availability of nutrient-dense food, climate change has also disturbed ecosystems, which may be another factor in cancer development. In addition to the effects of climate change, alcohol, and cigarette use continue to be major contributors to the rise in cancer cases in recent years. Smoking tobacco is a significant risk factor for lung cancer and has been related to many other cancers, such as the mouth, throat, oesophagus, and bladder. Similarly, drinking too much alcohol raises your chance of getting many cancers, including those of the liver, breast, colon, and oesophagus. Alcohol and cigarette usage together can increase the chance of developing cancer. This review focuses on environmental carcinogens, the processing of food, an epidemic of skin cancer, photocarcinogenesis, global warming, air pollution, and methods of mitigating cancer.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.52-57
Dr Bablee Jyoti, Dr Anand Mohan Jha, Dr Jagadeesh Dhamodharan, Dr Aswinprakash Subramanian
A review paper on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is essential to assess the recent advancements in this revolutionary imaging technique. As cryo-EM continues to revolutionize structural biology, a comprehensive review can consolidate the knowledge, highlight technical challenges, and offer insights into future developments, promoting better understanding and wider adoption of this cutting-edge technology. The absence of a review paper on the recent innovative approach of applying cryo-electron microscopy for cancer research hinders knowledge dissemination and impedes potential breakthroughs. A comprehensive review would bridge the gap, elucidating the successes and challenges of cryo-EM in cancer studies, fostering collaboration, and inspiring further investigations to combat cancer effectively.” Cryo-electron microscopy enables examining biomolecular structures at almost atomic precision while capturing multiple dynamic states more than 30 years after developing the industry's preferred method for cryo-embedding biological macromolecules under their native conditions. Techniques and equipment have significantly improved. Advanced image-processing methods are employed in research to facilitate the study of biological macromolecular structures and analyze their dynamics; for this, cryo-EM is a potent tool. Cryo-EM must effectively investigate the cellular macromolecular structure, including dynamic analysis using cutting-edge image-processing methods. Modern Analysis of individual particles using electron tomography is even more easily applicable to the procedure. With the development of single particle analysis and electron tomography, it is now more broadly applicable. These techniques have increased the method's applicability even further. Due to its ease of use and capacity to produce intricate and sophisticated data that can be used to comprehend biological structures better, cryo-EM is currently a more well-liked and available research tool. As a result, it serves as a useful tool for both academic and industrial research. Protein complexes, molecular pathways, and viral structures have also been studied using cryo-EM. Due to its adaptability, it has become a useful tool for illness and drug development. Its low cost and simplicity of usage have also made it a crucial research tool.
{"title":"Cryo-Electron Microscopy for Cancer","authors":"Dr Bablee Jyoti, Dr Anand Mohan Jha, Dr Jagadeesh Dhamodharan, Dr Aswinprakash Subramanian","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.52-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.52-57","url":null,"abstract":"A review paper on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is essential to assess the recent advancements in this revolutionary imaging technique. As cryo-EM continues to revolutionize structural biology, a comprehensive review can consolidate the knowledge, highlight technical challenges, and offer insights into future developments, promoting better understanding and wider adoption of this cutting-edge technology. The absence of a review paper on the recent innovative approach of applying cryo-electron microscopy for cancer research hinders knowledge dissemination and impedes potential breakthroughs. A comprehensive review would bridge the gap, elucidating the successes and challenges of cryo-EM in cancer studies, fostering collaboration, and inspiring further investigations to combat cancer effectively.” Cryo-electron microscopy enables examining biomolecular structures at almost atomic precision while capturing multiple dynamic states more than 30 years after developing the industry's preferred method for cryo-embedding biological macromolecules under their native conditions. Techniques and equipment have significantly improved. Advanced image-processing methods are employed in research to facilitate the study of biological macromolecular structures and analyze their dynamics; for this, cryo-EM is a potent tool. Cryo-EM must effectively investigate the cellular macromolecular structure, including dynamic analysis using cutting-edge image-processing methods. Modern Analysis of individual particles using electron tomography is even more easily applicable to the procedure. With the development of single particle analysis and electron tomography, it is now more broadly applicable. These techniques have increased the method's applicability even further. Due to its ease of use and capacity to produce intricate and sophisticated data that can be used to comprehend biological structures better, cryo-EM is currently a more well-liked and available research tool. As a result, it serves as a useful tool for both academic and industrial research. Protein complexes, molecular pathways, and viral structures have also been studied using cryo-EM. Due to its adaptability, it has become a useful tool for illness and drug development. Its low cost and simplicity of usage have also made it a crucial research tool.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.31-37
Kiruthika Balasubramanian, Dr Bablee Jyoti, Vinoth Kumar S, Dr Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood, M Thillainayagi
Cholangiocarcinoma(CLCA) is a cancer that develops in the narrow tubes known as bile ducts, which transport the digesting fluid bile. This disease, also recognized as Hepatic-duct cancer, is a form of tumor that is extremely difficult to cure with standard chemotherapy. iCLCA refers to cancers that develop within the gastrointestinal tract of the Hepatic-ducts inside the liver and are usually instigated by mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor2 (FiGFR2) gene. Pemigatinib(Pg) is a distinctive, powerful medication that specifically inhibits the action of mutated FGFR2 and is now identified being a viable therapy option for individuals with intrahepatic CLCA. Cholangiocarcinoma (CLCA) is a diverse category of cancers with few therapeutic options. Considering the latest developments in health oncology, CLCA individuals with metastasizing cancer have a terrible prognosis, with an overall median lifespan of barely an entire year. The CLCA health community has made substantial efforts in the recent decade to enhance distinct clinical results by introducing molecularly embattled treatments in this environment. Among some of these therapies, the FiGFR 2 inhibitor Pg has been granted rapid authorization by the USA-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in CLCA individuals who have FiGFR2 gene combinations or additional rearrangements founded on the outcomes of the FIGHT-202 trial, making it the initial molecularly specific rehabilitation to be endorsed as a remedy of CLCA.This review seeks to present a concise review of pemigatinib's latest advancement, with a precise emphasis on the FIGHT-202 study, the endorsement of this FiGFR inhibitor, and the impending problems related to the routine of FiGFR-directed medicines in CLCA individuals.
{"title":"Pemigatinib for Cholangiocarcinoma– A Novel Drug","authors":"Kiruthika Balasubramanian, Dr Bablee Jyoti, Vinoth Kumar S, Dr Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood, M Thillainayagi","doi":"10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.31-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijtos.2023.1.4.31-37","url":null,"abstract":"Cholangiocarcinoma(CLCA) is a cancer that develops in the narrow tubes known as bile ducts, which transport the digesting fluid bile. This disease, also recognized as Hepatic-duct cancer, is a form of tumor that is extremely difficult to cure with standard chemotherapy. iCLCA refers to cancers that develop within the gastrointestinal tract of the Hepatic-ducts inside the liver and are usually instigated by mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor2 (FiGFR2) gene. Pemigatinib(Pg) is a distinctive, powerful medication that specifically inhibits the action of mutated FGFR2 and is now identified being a viable therapy option for individuals with intrahepatic CLCA. Cholangiocarcinoma (CLCA) is a diverse category of cancers with few therapeutic options. Considering the latest developments in health oncology, CLCA individuals with metastasizing cancer have a terrible prognosis, with an overall median lifespan of barely an entire year. The CLCA health community has made substantial efforts in the recent decade to enhance distinct clinical results by introducing molecularly embattled treatments in this environment. Among some of these therapies, the FiGFR 2 inhibitor Pg has been granted rapid authorization by the USA-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in CLCA individuals who have FiGFR2 gene combinations or additional rearrangements founded on the outcomes of the FIGHT-202 trial, making it the initial molecularly specific rehabilitation to be endorsed as a remedy of CLCA.This review seeks to present a concise review of pemigatinib's latest advancement, with a precise emphasis on the FIGHT-202 study, the endorsement of this FiGFR inhibitor, and the impending problems related to the routine of FiGFR-directed medicines in CLCA individuals.","PeriodicalId":479912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trends in OncoScience","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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