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How Does Sleep Deprivation Functionally Impact the Challenging Behavior of People With Intellectual Disabilities? A Systematic Review.
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1177/01454455251319729
Craig H Kennedy

Sleep deprivation is a common health condition among people with intellectual disabilities. Studies have linked sleep problems with challenging behaviors. However, it is unclear if there is a consistent effect on challenging behavior and what reinforcement mechanism(s) might be involved. A systematic review of PsychINFO, PubMed, and Scopus identified seven studies meeting the inclusion criteria that had been published over the past 50 years. Data were extracted regarding participant characteristics, specific aim, sleep deprivation, functional behavioral assessments, results, and key findings. Studies consistently reported increased rates of challenging behavior following bouts of sleep deprivation. Five of the seven studies demonstrated negative reinforcement as the mechanism associated with increased challenging behavior. Results were unclear or lacking for other reinforcer mechanisms. Current evidence shows that sleep deprivation can increase negatively reinforced challenging behavior, but automatic and positive reinforcement mechanisms may be unaffected. Theoretical and practice implications are discussed.

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引用次数: 0
Therapist Coaching in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in the Netherlands: An Archival Lag Sequential Analysis Study.
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/01454455251319731
Iza C A Scherpbier, Mariëlle E Abrahamse, Mirte N Mos, Ramón J L Lindauer, Larissa N Niec

In vivo therapeutic coaching of parent-child interactions is the primary mechanism of change in behavioral parent training programs such as parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), yet relatively little research has examined the coaching process. The primary aim of this study was to explore the bidirectional interaction between therapist-parent dyads to better understand how therapists influence parent behavior and vice versa. Observational data from two research projects were analyzed separately and together using lag sequential analysis (LSA). Results demonstrate that therapist responsive coaching (e.g., praising parent behavior) led parents to use more child-centered skills. Responsive coaching techniques led to immediate increases in parents' use of the targeted positive parenting skill (10%-25% re-use). Responsive strategies followed targeted parent verbalizations more often than directive strategies, suggesting that therapists reinforce positive parenting skills as soon as parents use them. When directive coaching techniques were used, there was a 18% to 32% chance that parents followed through with a child-centered skill as coached. This study is the first to explore the influence of in vivo coaching on parent skill acquisition on a micro-level and has implications for the therapist training.

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引用次数: 0
Psychometric Properties of the Reward Probability Index in a Mexican Sample.
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/01454455251326880
Javier M Bianchi, José Carlos Ramírez-Cruz, Raúl Alejandro Fierro Jimenez, Cindy Anadela Cruz Navarrete, María Luisa Avalos Latorre

The psychometric properties of the Reward Probability Index (RPI), which assesses environmental reward as an indirect measure of response-contingent positive reinforcement (RCPR), were estimated in a Mexican population. With the voluntary participation of 1297 adults, reliability was assessed, and evidence was collected regarding the internal structure and its relationship with emotional symptomatology and other variables. Good internal consistency indices (ω and α) were found for both the total scale and its dimensions. A two-dimensional structure, comprising Reward Probability and Environmental Suppressors, and a second-order factor consistent with RCPR theory, was confirmed. This model demonstrated measurement invariance across sex, mental health treatment status, and the presence or absence of emotional symptomatology. Consistent relationships were observed between RPI scores and emotional symptomatology, psychological inflexibility, and life satisfaction. Additionally, evidence was found supporting the criterion validity of the RPI in relation to depression. RPI is a psychometrically solid instrument, and its use is recommended in the Mexican population to account for environmental reward, utilizing a total score and by dimensions.

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引用次数: 0
Increasing the Active Supervision of Inclusive Early Childhood Education Pre-Service Teachers Using Goal Setting and Step Counters.
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1177/01454455251325332
Benjamin S Riden, Andrew M Markelz, Sara Germansky, Tiara S Brown, Addison J Raso, Elisabeth R Morris

A reversal design (i.e., ABAB) was used to examine whether increasing steps correlate with higher levels of student interactions. Furthermore, does allowing educators to monitor their steps and set step goals enhance the potential for intervention adoption and lead to lasting teacher behavior change? Each pre-service inclusive early childhood special education teachers were in the final year of their preparation program, during their student teaching practicum. The study took place in two public k-5 elementary schools situated in a mid-size city (approximately 52K in population) in the Southern United States. In addition to visual analysis procedures, nonoverlap of all pairs was used to assess overlap, and Tau-U were used to calculate effect size. The research questions were: (1) Does goal setting and step counting increase the physical steps taken by educators during instruction?; 2) Is there a functional relation between steps taken and teacher-student interactions?; and (3) Are step increases a socially valid approach for increasing teacher-student engagement? Although the results point to minor (positive) effects on teacher steps, the data's variability prevents us from drawing conclusions about the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Nonetheless, when comparing baseline levels to MSI behaviors, we can observe meaningful shifts in a therapeutic direction in the MSI data.. Implications for research and practices are also presented.

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引用次数: 0
Response Blocking to Identify Inappropriate Self-Feeding as a Motivation or a Skill Deficit.
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/01454455241306090
Alec M Bernstein, Jessica F Juanico, Henry S Roane, Danielle L Gureghian, Pamela L Neidert

Persistent inappropriate self-feeding (e.g., finger-feeding food typically consumed using a utensil after 14-24 months of age) is common for children with neurodevelopmental disorders and other delays and can result in energy and nutrient deficiencies. Although interventions for problematic feeding behavior are common, there is limited information for children without a pediatric feeding disorder who self-feed but exclusively do so inappropriately. We used a proactive approach, with a foundation in the skill-acquisition literature, to address the inappropriate self-feeding of seven children with neurodevelopmental disorders or other delays but without a feeding-related diagnosis. We first evaluated response blocking as an assessment to identify motivation and skill deficits. The assessment identified a skill deficit, a motivation deficit, and a combined deficit for four, two, and one participant, respectively. These results informed treatment for six of the seven participants. Treatment for a motivation deficit included response blocking with and without programmed differential reinforcement. Treatment for a skill deficit included backward chaining with response blocking and programmed differential reinforcement. Treatments were generally successful for all six participants. We discuss the usefulness and implications of response blocking as a brief assessment for inappropriate self-feeding.

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引用次数: 0
Applying Techniques From Precision Medicine to Predict Challenging Behavior and Inform Clinical Resource Allocation. 应用精准医学技术预测挑战行为并告知临床资源分配。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/01454455241310130
Samuel L Morris, P Raymond Joslyn

The identification of behavioral markers that predict the trajectory of behavior could guide the allocation of limited clinical resources to improve efficacy, efficiency, and safety. As a preliminary exploration of this possibility, we conducted a retrospective records review of incident reports for aggression displayed by residents at a secure juvenile detention center. Our purpose was to evaluate latency to first aggression as a candidate behavioral marker for predicting subsequent high-rate aggression. Our results indicate that latency to first aggression may be a high-quality predictor of subsequent high-rate aggression, and we identified specific cutoff scores that added high levels of predictive value. We use these data to demonstrate a process by which clinicians and researchers can identify predictor variables and use them to guide subsequent allocation of clinical resources. Practical, conceptual, and ethical considerations related to applications of this process as well as potential directions for future research in this area are discussed.

识别预测行为轨迹的行为标记可以指导有限的临床资源的分配,以提高疗效、效率和安全性。作为对这种可能性的初步探索,我们对一个安全的少年拘留中心的居民所表现出的攻击事件报告进行了回顾性记录审查。我们的目的是评估首次攻击的潜伏期作为预测后续高频率攻击的候选行为标记。我们的研究结果表明,首次攻击的潜伏期可能是后续高速率攻击的高质量预测因子,并且我们确定了特定的截止分数,增加了高水平的预测价值。我们使用这些数据来证明临床医生和研究人员可以识别预测变量并使用它们来指导后续临床资源分配的过程。讨论了与该工艺应用相关的实践、概念和伦理考虑以及该领域未来研究的潜在方向。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review of Pyramidal Training for Implementing Behavioral Interventions.
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/01454455251318247
Madeline R Risse, Kwang-Sun Cho Blair

The pyramidal training approach is a promising strategy to train behavioral interventionists in applied settings, as it maximizes efficiency of training by allowing for more trainees to learn and implement a diverse range of behavioral strategies in less time. This systematic review synthesized 30 single-case studies that evaluated pyramidal training in training practitioners to implement behavioral interventions. Results support the effectiveness of the pyramidal training model at the case, tier, and study levels across various settings, targeted skills, and participant types, particularly for improving practitioner implementation fidelity. However, strategies for promoting maintenance of trained skills, such as feedback and coaching, have not been routinely incorporated into pyramidal training procedures. Future researchers should evaluate the utility of post-training observations of implementation fidelity to determine the sustainability and most efficacious methods for promoting fidelity of trained behavioral interventions. Ultimately, the pyramidal training approach shows great promise but requires further optimization and empirical scrutiny.

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引用次数: 0
A Meta-Visual-Analysis of Single-Case Experimental Design Research.
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/01454455251320686
Chad E L Kinney, Art Dowdy, Katie Wolfe

Visual analysis is the primary method to detect functional relations in single-case experimental design (SCED) research. Meta-Visual-Analysis (MVA) is a novel approach used to synthesize SCED data where the estimated effect size measures are principally anchored to primary aspects of visual analysis: change in the magnitude of level, trend, variability, and trend-adjusted level of projected trends. For each of these aspects, percentage point differences between baseline and intervention conditions are estimated and quantified for every participant across studies. MVA effect sizes are standardized, and their aggregates are graphically displayed in a manner similar to individual SCED graphs. MVA graphs are compared and visually analyzed with the aim of better understanding the effectiveness and generality of interventions across SCED studies. In this discussion paper we provide general steps to conduct an MVA and describe MVA's utility in reviewing, organizing, and directing future SCED research syntheses.

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引用次数: 0
Cognitive Remediation to Facilitate Independent Living in Persons With Serious Mental Illness. 认知矫正协助严重精神疾病人士独立生活。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1177/01454455241310143
Alexa R Trolley-Hanson, Richard A McGuire, Heidi Konopa, Meghan Lane, Jeff Krolick, Jason Margulis, Kim T Mueser, Susan R McGurk

Many people with serious mental illness (SMI) experience cognitive disabilities and poor independent living skills which limit their ability to live independently in the community. This study examined the feasibility and initial effectiveness of integrating a new cognitive remediation program, Thinking Skills for Life (TSL), into independent living skills training programs in four secure residential treatment facilities (SRTFs) to facilitate discharge to more independent living situations. Participants were 30 individuals in the SRTF, of whom 11 were forensically committed to the SRTF. Results showed the intervention was feasible to implement, with 97% of participants exposed to TSL and 67% completing the program. Initial promise of the TSL program at improving independent living was suggested by post cognitive program discharge to less restrictive living situations of 63% of participants not on forensic commitment, and 55% of those on forensic commitment. These promising findings set the stage for more rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of the TSL program.

许多患有严重精神疾病(SMI)的人都有认知障碍和较差的独立生活技能,这限制了他们在社区中独立生活的能力。本研究考察了在四个安全的居住治疗设施(SRTFs)中,将一种新的认知修复项目——生活思维技能(TSL)整合到独立生活技能培训项目中的可行性和初步效果,以促进出院者进入更独立的生活环境。参与者是SRTF中的30个人,其中11人在法律上承诺加入SRTF。结果表明,干预措施是可行的,97%的参与者暴露于TSL, 67%的参与者完成了该计划。认知项目结束后,63%的非法医承诺参与者和55%的法医承诺参与者被释放到限制较少的生活环境中,这表明TSL项目在改善独立生活方面有最初的承诺。这些有希望的发现为更严格地评估TSL项目的有效性奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
A Quantitative Systematic Literature Review of Combination Punishment Literature: Progress Over the Last Decade. 对综合惩罚文献的定量系统文献综述:过去十年的进展。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/01454455241262414
Asude Sumeyye Ayvaci, Alison Dorothea Cox, Andreas Dimopoulos

This review evaluated single-case experimental design research that examined challenging behavior interventions utilizing punishment elements. Thirty articles published between 2013 and 2022 met study inclusion criteria. Study quality was also assessed. Through multiple levels of analysis (e.g., descriptive statistics, non-parametric statistics), we examined (a) participant and study trends, (b) differential outcomes related to temporal reinforcement approaches (antecedent, consequent, or combined reinforcement) applied alongside punishment element(s), (c) differential outcomes related to the punishment type (negative, positive) applied alongside reinforcement, and (d) effect sizes associated with study rigor across peer-reviewed and gray literature. Our results may tentatively suggest that, for certain situations, concurrently applying punishment with antecedent reinforcement approaches may coincide with significantly larger effect sizes compared to combined temporal reinforcement approaches, while positive punishment applied concurrently with reinforcement may coincide with larger but non-significant intervention effects. Most featured articles met rigor criteria, but larger effects were seen in peer-reviewed literature.

本综述评估了利用惩罚元素对挑战行为进行干预的单案例实验设计研究。2013年至2022年间发表的30篇文章符合研究纳入标准。同时还对研究质量进行了评估。通过多层次分析(如描述性统计、非参数统计),我们考察了:(a)参与者和研究趋势;(b)与惩罚元素同时应用的时间强化方法(先行强化、后继强化或综合强化)相关的不同结果;(c)与强化同时应用的惩罚类型(消极、积极)相关的不同结果;以及(d)与同行评审和灰色文献中研究严谨性相关的效应大小。我们的研究结果初步表明,在某些情况下,与结合时间强化法相比,同时采用惩罚与先行强化法可能会产生更大的效果,而同时采用积极惩罚与强化法可能会产生更大但不显著的干预效果。大多数专题文章都符合严谨性标准,但在同行评审的文献中可以看到更大的效果。
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引用次数: 0
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Behavior Modification
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