International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology最新文献

Justice-involved individuals who reach the end of their full prison sentence no longer benefit from the supervision and rehabilitation services offered by probation or parole. Some of these individuals, who have been assessed to be a high risk for sexual and violent reoffending and deemed to pose a significant violence risk in the community if released, are placed on a judicial order in Canada, and police are asked to supervise and manage the risk of these individuals. In the current study, the files of 45 high-risk, justice-involved individuals, who completed their sentences, were released from a Canadian prison into the province of Alberta, and supervised by police under a judicial order, were reviewed for the presence of criminogenic and non-criminogenic needs over the first year of release. The associations between these needs and proximal reintegration outcomes were examined. Our findings revealed that basic needs and responsivity issues were prevalent in the early part of supervision; however, these factors were unrelated to proximal reintegration success. In contrast, criminogenic needs were prevalent and associated with poorer reintegration. This study reinforces the role that police can play in monitoring and addressing criminogenic needs with the goal of reducing recidivism and employing the help of non-police supports to address non-criminogenic needs.

A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis was performed (28 studies and 313 effect sizes) on the relation between residential group climate (i.e., safety, atmosphere, repression, support, growth, structure) and antisocial behavior, including aggression and criminal recidivism. A systematic search was conducted in PsychINFO, ERIC, and OVID Medline up to February 2023. Results showed a small but significant association (r = .20) between residential group climate and antisocial behavior, equivalent to a 23% reduction of antisocial behavior in all clients receiving care in a residential facility with a therapeutic group climate. Moderator analyses showed that experienced safety was more strongly related to antisocial behavior (r = .30) than the other dimensions of group climate (.17 < r < .20), while the effect size was somewhat larger for adults (r = .24) than for youth (r = .15). We conclude that residential facilities should consider safety as a priority and should involve clients in a positive process of change through the development of a therapeutic environment and delivery of evidence-based treatment, addressing their needs from the perspective of rehabilitation.

Art therapy is a form of psychotherapy that was introduced in psychiatric hospitals, where psychiatric patients used painting as a way to express themselves. Nowadays, it is used in prison and has positive effects such as stress and anxiety reduction, and decrease in rates of recidivism. The main aim of this study was to analyze the effects of art therapy programs among the prison population with a diagnosis of mental illness. A systematic review was performed and a total of 12 studies were included. Positive results and beneficial effects were observed for this population; the most prominent is the decrease in the rate of recidivism. Art therapy is a form of therapy that is effective for improving socialization and decreasing anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with mental illnesses. It has been proved to decrease recidivism rates in inmates who participate in these programs.

Investigate the effect of Nine-in-one-drawing therapy on anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience of community correction objects. Sixty cases of community correction objects with anxiety and depression were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. The conventional psychological correction methods was adopted in the control group and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to evaluate. In the experimental group, Nine-in-one-drawing therapy was adopted based on the correction items of the control group, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used before and after intervention in the two groups for evaluation. The intervention activities in the two groups were carried out five times separately, with a duration of about 1 hour and an interval of 3 days. After the intervention, the anxiety and depression scores of the community correction objects in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the psychological resilience scores were significantly higher than those in the control group (both p < .05). Nine-in-one-drawing therapy can reduce the anxiety and depression of community correction objects, and improve their psychological resilience.

This methodological review includes literature (1987-2022) concerning the role and influence of musical practices-including music therapy and participatory music interventions-on well-being in carceral settings such as jails, prisons, and immigration detention centers. We provide a thorough description of key methodological procedures used in 55 studies: (1) Key Elements of Research Questions; (2) Types of Musical Practices; (3) Musical Genres; (4) Methodologies and Designs; (5) Locations; (6) Theoretical Frameworks; and (7) Samples. Our review indicates that there is difficulty in conducting research in prisons due to limitations imposed on researchers, a paucity of randomized-control trials, and limited generalizability of results due to the heterogeneity of methodological approaches. We suggest that the literature base would benefit from increased attention to issues related to sampling procedures, research questions related to race and gender identity, as well as the delineation between the types of musical practices utilized by music interventions.

Peer support services, including certified recovery specialists (CRSs), have been of increasing interest to treatment scholars. However, if and how such services assist justice-involved individuals with substance use disorders during community reentry is less understood. This pilot study provided CRS services to both reentrants and their family members during the transition from close custody confinement to community supervision, a perilous period in which risks of relapse and rearrest peak. Post-intervention interviews with nine of fifteen recruited reentrants and four of five recruited family members in central Pennsylvania were analyzed using iterative thematic coding. Participants perceived CRS services as essential for the reentry and recovery process. Interviewees identified CRS's lived experience, advocacy, availability, empathy, and family outreach as key mechanisms of recovery success. These results highlight the importance of CRS services for recovery capital during the community reentry transition.

Halfway houses operate as a form of community supervision, offering a unique opportunity for individuals who have offended to receive housing, support, and other resources to aid in navigating the challenges of re-entry from closed custody. Despite being controversial in the eyes of the public, they have long been viewed by stakeholders as a worthwhile intervention. However, existing literature presents mixed findings on their utility. The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies providing 17 effect sizes on the effects of halfway houses on recidivism. Findings indicate that halfway houses do not result in any differences for treatment versus comparison group participants with respect to outcomes of arrest (k = 6), conviction (k = 5), or incarceration (k = 6). Additional research is needed to inform best practices for structure and services, and how best to respond to differing participant needs.

Historically, American correctional institutions were designed for men. An increase in incarcerated females has required states to grapple with issues related to menstrual hygiene, including menstrual cycles. While the federal government requires that women and persons who menstruate in federal prisons be supplied with minimal menstrual hygiene supplies, there is no such mandate for menstruators incarcerated in state prisons. We conducted a review and analysis of state legal statutes and Department of Corrections' (DoC) policies pertaining to menstrual product provision to incarcerated individuals in the United States. We assessed state statutes and policies for product type, amount and quality, requisition process, and cost. Forty-six jurisdictions had policy between state statute or a DoC manual or handbook. Results indicate policies regarding procurement processes and amount provided were vague.

Practice frameworks for programs supporting people to transition between prison and community are a critical resource for service agencies, researchers and policy makers. Although reintegration programs are often commissioned with reference to Risk-Needs-Responsivity and the Good Lives Model, these frameworks lack specificity for practical program design. Following recent meta-theoretical guidelines, we articulate a practice framework for reintegration programs over three levels: (1) principles and values; (2) knowledge related assumptions; and (3) intervention guidelines. Level 1 is drawn from the capability approach, which frames the goal of increasing the substantive freedom of individuals. Level 2 is drawn from desistance theory, which grounds claims that sustained cessation of offending is enabled by changes in people's self-labels and narrative, relationships with friends and family, access to resources, and community participation. Level 3 is drawn from throughcare service design and structures practice into seven domains. This framework has potential to reduce rates of reincarceration.

This systematic review aims to review awareness and willingness for PrEP use in the prison complex and the factors influencing PrEP uptake among people incarcerated in state or federal prisons. We searched MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and Scopus for relevant articles. Qualitative or quantitative studies focusing on incarcerated population, and outcome measures such as knowledge, willingness, or influencing factors for PrEP uptake were included. A narrative method was used to summarise the findings. Inmates' knowledge of PrEP was very low. Inmates who were briefly introduced to PrEP showed a favourable attitude and willingness toward it. However, low-risk perception of HIV, fear of stigma, jail policies, low priority to health overall, appointment issues, transportation problems, depression, substance misuse, and budgetary limitations after release were perceived as barriers to its uptake and continuation. PrEP is a much-needed HIV prevention strategy for the incarcerated population. However, removing the structural and social obstacles to sustained adherence is imperative.