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Spiraling between learning and alignment toward digital service innovation 在学习和数字服务创新之间盘旋
2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1108/josm-12-2022-0400
Wim Coreynen, Paul Matthyssens, Bieke Struyf, Wim Vanhaverbeke
Purpose This study aims to develop theory on the process toward digital service innovation (DSI) and to generate insights into how companies deal with the rising complexity associated with DSI, both inside and outside of the organization, through organizational learning and alignment. Design/methodology/approach After purposeful sampling, in-depth, longitudinal case studies of three manufacturers are presented as illustration. Per case, multiple semi-structured interviews are conducted, and insights are validated through rich additional data gathering. Each company's DSI pathway is reconstructed with critical incident technique. Next, using systematic combining, a middle-range theory is developed by proposing a theoretical frame concerning the relations between DSI maturity, learning and alignment. Findings The authors posit that, as companies gradually develop and progress toward DSI maturity, they deal with a rising degree of complexity, fueling their learning needs. Companies that are apt to learn, pass through multiple cycles of learning and alignment to overcome specific complexities associated with different DSI stages, with each cycle unlocking new DSI opportunities and challenges. Originality/value The study applies a stage-based view on DSI combined with complexity management and organizational learning and alignment theory. It offers a theoretical frame and propositions to be used by researchers for future DSI studies and by managers to evaluate alternative DSI strategies and implementation steps.
本研究旨在发展数字服务创新(DSI)过程的理论,并通过组织学习和协调,深入了解企业如何在组织内外应对与DSI相关的日益复杂的问题。设计/方法/方法经过有目的的抽样,对三家制造商进行了深入的纵向案例研究,作为说明。每个案例都进行了多次半结构化访谈,并通过丰富的额外数据收集来验证见解。利用关键事件技术重构了各公司的DSI路径。其次,采用系统结合的方法,提出了DSI成熟度、学习与结盟关系的理论框架,形成了一个中程理论。作者认为,随着公司逐渐发展并向DSI成熟迈进,他们处理的复杂性不断上升,这激发了他们的学习需求。善于学习的公司会经历多个学习和调整周期,以克服与不同DSI阶段相关的特定复杂性,每个周期都会释放新的DSI机遇和挑战。原创性/价值本研究采用基于阶段的观点,结合复杂性管理、组织学习和一致性理论研究DSI。它提供了一个理论框架和命题,供研究人员用于未来的DSI研究和管理人员评估替代的DSI战略和实施步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Digital service innovation challenges faced during servitization: a multi-level perspective 服务化过程中数字服务创新面临的挑战:多层次视角
IF 10.6 2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1108/josm-12-2022-0398
Jamie Burton, Victoria Mary Story, Judy Zolkiewski, Nazifa Nisha

Purpose

Digital Service innovation (DSI) plays a fundamental role in the successful transition from product manufacturer or traditional service provider to a provider of digitally-enabled service solutions. Multiple impediments make managing this transformation using digital technologies difficult for firms, their customers and wider ecosystems. Extant knowledge of these digital technology impediments requires synthesizing and mapping.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted. DSI tools and terminology are synthesized via thematic analysis. Subsequently, impediments to DSI for servitization (covering barriers, challenges and tensions) faced by actors across three key innovation phases: strategic planning, design planning and implementation, and four interaction levels (Micro, Meso, Macro-environment, Macro-ecosystem) are mapped via template analysis.

Findings

Six impediment categories (external environmental factors, internal firm factors, capabilities, business models and processes, value creation and interaction) encompassing 28 unique impediment types to DSI during servitization are identified. A framework enabling impediment comparison across innovation phases and ecosystem/network interaction levels, revealing that the majority of barriers can be framed as “challenges” was developed.

Originality/value

Whilst literature is emerging relating to digital servitization, there is a lack of research on the role DSI plays in facilitating digital servitization and no comprehensive study of DSI impediments exists. Additionally, consensus around the cross-disciplinary terminologies used is lacking. This study is a structured attempt to map the domain, summarizing the terms, identifying and clarifying impediment categories and providing recommendations for researchers and managers in tackling the latter.

目的数字化服务创新(DSI)在产品制造商或传统服务提供商向数字化服务解决方案提供商的成功转型中起着至关重要的作用。对于企业、客户和更广泛的生态系统来说,多种障碍使得利用数字技术管理这种转型变得困难。对这些数字技术障碍的现有知识需要综合和映射。设计/方法/方法进行系统文献综述(SLR)。通过专题分析综合了DSI工具和术语。随后,通过模板分析,绘制了参与者在战略规划、设计规划和实施三个关键创新阶段以及四个交互层面(微观、中观、宏观环境、宏观生态系统)面临的DSI服务化障碍(包括障碍、挑战和紧张关系)。在服务化过程中,确定了六大障碍类别(外部环境因素、内部企业因素、能力、商业模式和流程、价值创造和互动),包括28种独特的DSI障碍类型。一个能够跨创新阶段和生态系统/网络交互水平进行障碍比较的框架,揭示了大多数障碍可以被定义为“挑战”。原创性/价值虽然有关数字服务化的文献越来越多,但对数字服务化在促进数字服务化中的作用的研究却很少,对数字服务化的障碍也没有全面的研究。此外,对所使用的跨学科术语缺乏共识。本研究是一个结构化的尝试来绘制领域,总结术语,识别和澄清障碍类别,并为研究人员和管理人员提供解决后者的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the influence of service employees' characteristics on their willingness to work with service robots 探究服务员工的性格特征对其与服务机器人合作意愿的影响
IF 10.6 2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1108/josm-05-2022-0174
Yangjun Tu, Wei Liu, Zhi Yang

Purpose

This research empirically investigates how service employees' ratings of technology readiness (TRI), negative attitudes towards robots (NARS), Big Five personality traits (BFI) and emotional demands (ED) affect their willingness to work with service robots (WTW).

Design/methodology/approach

One set of data is collected from 410 service employees expected to work with service robots in Study 1. Another set of field data is collected from 102 employees working with service robots in Study 2. Hierarchical regression is used to test hypotheses about the impact of technology readiness, negative attitudes towards robots and Big Five personality traits on WTW. Additionally, the interactions of emotional demands in the workplace are analysed.

Findings

TRI-optimism and TRI-insecurity significantly affect WTW in Study 2 but are nonsignificant in Study 1. The impacts of NARS-emotions in interaction with robots and NARS-interaction with robots situations on WTW are significant in Study 1 but nonsignificant in Study 2. Moreover, BFI-neuroticism negatively affected WTW in Study 1, while these effects were nonsignificant in Study 2. Finally, emotional demands significantly interact with three of eleven dimensions of IVs in Study 1, but all interactions are nonsignificant in Study 2.

Practical implications

This research provides a guiding framework for service companies to screen employees expected to cowork with service robots, to enhance newly hired employees' WTW and to improve existing employees' WTW.

Originality/value

Integrating the characteristics of service employees, service robots and jobs into a theoretical framework, this research is the first to empirically examine the effects of service employees' several critical characteristics (technology readiness, negative attitudes towards robots and Big Five personality) on WTW and the moderation of job characteristics (emotional demands).

目的本研究实证调查了服务业员工的技术准备度(TRI)评分、对机器人的负面态度(NARS)评分、大五人格特质(BFI)评分和情感需求(ED)评分对服务机器人工作意愿(WTW)的影响。设计/方法/方法从研究1中预计与服务机器人一起工作的410名服务员工中收集了一组数据。另一组现场数据来自研究2中使用服务机器人的102名员工。层次回归用于检验关于技术准备程度、对机器人的消极态度和五大人格特征对WTW影响的假设。此外,还分析了情绪需求在工作场所的相互作用。在研究2中,三乐观和三不安全显著影响WTW,而在研究1中无显著影响。研究1中与机器人互动的nars情绪和nars与机器人互动情境对WTW的影响显著,而研究2中不显著。此外,在研究1中,bfi -神经质对WTW有负向影响,而在研究2中,这些影响不显著。最后,在研究1中,情绪需求与IVs的11个维度中的3个维度存在显著的交互作用,但在研究2中,所有的交互作用都不显著。本研究为服务企业筛选期望与服务机器人合作的员工,提高新聘员工的WTW和改善现有员工的WTW提供了指导框架。原创性/价值本研究将服务员工、服务机器人和工作的特征整合到一个理论框架中,首次实证检验了服务员工的几个关键特征(技术准备度、对机器人的消极态度和大五人格)对WTW和工作特征(情感需求)的调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
Brand community formation in service management: lessons from the sport industry 服务管理中的品牌社群形成:来自体育产业的经验
2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1108/josm-05-2022-0147
Bob Heere, Daniel Lock, Danielle Cooper
Purpose The purpose of this article is to propose an overall framework for brand community formation that separates antecedents that lead to the formation of a brand community from those outcomes that are associated with established communities. Design/methodology/approach The authors approached this review through an interdisciplinary literature review that delineated psychological, structural and behavioral processes that underline the formation of the brand community, often illustrated by contemporary cases in the sport industry. Findings The findings outline 18 different constructs, categorized in three overarching dimensions, separating structural, behavioral and psychological constructs. The authors posit these 18 constructs are at the heart of brand community formation. These constructs provide managers with a guide to inform their efforts to form a new brand community. Originality/value It is emphasized that brand community formation is a complex process that is paradoxical in nature and requires organizations to balance a non-interventionist approach that would allow for consumer empowerment, with a pro-active approach that creates conditions for a successful brand community formation process.
本文的目的是提出一个品牌社区形成的总体框架,该框架将导致品牌社区形成的前因与与已建立社区相关的结果分开。设计/方法/方法作者通过跨学科的文献综述,描述了强调品牌社区形成的心理、结构和行为过程,通常以当代体育产业的案例来说明。研究结果概述了18种不同的构念,分为三个主要维度,分别是结构构念、行为构念和心理构念。作者认为这18种结构是品牌社区形成的核心。这些结构为管理者提供了一个指南,告知他们如何努力形成一个新的品牌社区。它强调,品牌社区的形成是一个复杂的过程,本质上是矛盾的,要求组织在允许消费者授权的不干预方法与为成功的品牌社区形成过程创造条件的主动方法之间取得平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Digital service innovation (DSI): a multidisciplinary (re)view of its origins and progress using bibliometric and text mining methods 数字服务创新(DSI):使用文献计量学和文本挖掘方法对其起源和进展的多学科(重新)观点
2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1108/josm-12-2022-0375
Rodrigo Rabetino, Marko Kohtamäki, Tuomas Huikkola
Purpose This paper studies the Digital Service Innovation (DSI) concept by systematically reviewing earlier studies from various scholarly communities. This study aims to recognize how recent advances in DSI literature from different research streams complement and can be incorporated into the growing digital servitization literature to define better and understand DSI. Design/methodology/approach After systematically identifying 123 relevant articles, this study employed complementary methods, such as author bibliographic coupling, linguistic text mining/textual analysis and qualitative content analyses. Findings This paper first maps the intellectual structure and boundaries of the DSI-related communities and qualitatively assesses their characteristics. These communities are (1) Innovation for digital servitization, (2) Service innovation in the digital age and (3) Adoption of novel e-services enabled by information system development. Next, the composition of the DSI concept is examined and depicted to comprehend the notion's critical dimensions. The findings discuss the range of theories and methods in the existing research, including antecedents, processes and outcomes of DSI. Originality/value This study reviews, extends the understanding of origins and critically evaluates DSI-related research. Moreover, the paper redefines and clarifies the structure and boundaries of the DSI-concept. In doing so, it elaborates on the substance of DSI and identifies the essential themes for its understanding and conceptualization. Thus, the study helps the future development of the concept and allows knowledge accumulation by bridging adjacent research communities. It helps researchers and managers navigate the foggy emerging research landscape.
本文通过系统回顾不同学术团体的早期研究,对数字服务创新(DSI)概念进行了研究。本研究旨在认识不同研究流的DSI文献的最新进展如何补充并纳入不断增长的数字服务化文献,以更好地定义和理解DSI。在对123篇相关文献进行系统检索后,本研究采用作者书目耦合、语言文本挖掘/文本分析和定性内容分析等互补方法。本文首先绘制了dsi相关群体的智力结构和边界,并对其特征进行了定性评价。这些社区是:(1)数字化服务化创新;(2)数字化时代的服务创新;(3)采用由信息系统开发实现的新型电子服务。接下来,对DSI概念的组成进行检查和描述,以理解该概念的关键维度。研究结果讨论了现有研究的理论和方法范围,包括DSI的前因、过程和结果。原创性/价值本研究回顾、扩展对起源的理解,并批判性地评估dsi相关研究。在此基础上,重新定义和厘清了dsi概念的结构和边界。在此过程中,它详细阐述了DSI的实质,并确定了理解和概念化DSI的基本主题。因此,该研究有助于该概念的未来发展,并通过连接相邻的研究社区来积累知识。它帮助研究人员和管理人员在迷雾重重的新兴研究领域中导航。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing digital service innovation: phases, actors, functions and interactions in the context of a digital service platform 数字服务创新特征:数字服务平台背景下的阶段、参与者、功能和交互
IF 10.6 2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1108/josm-12-2022-0401
Lorea Narvaiza, José Antonio Campos, María Luz Martín-Peña, Eloísa Díaz-Garrido

Purpose

Digital service innovation (DSI) is a type of technological innovation that is recognized in practice in the innovation structure of companies. Given the breadth of digital technologies that enable digital services and the variety of these services, analysis is needed to discern the nature of these services, as well as the process that culminates in co-innovation. The literature on DSI is fragmented and spread across multiple research areas. This fragmentation impedes conceptualization of the elements that constitute DSI. This paper describes the nature of DSI through the process and elements of initiation, adoption and routinization of DSI in the context of digital service platforms (DSPs).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a single exploratory case study of a provider of a leading digital solution in customer relations. The data analysis is based on abductive reasoning.

Findings

The paper conceptualizes the nature of DSI and describes the process and elements of DSI (phases, actors, functions and interactions). It contributes to building a common language for DSI research in service management. The analysis shows that DSI in DSPs is synonymous with co-innovation. This paper offers insight into how co-innovation occurs, using hybrid agile methodologies with the coordination of multiple actors and multilateral interactions.

Originality/value

The originality and value of the study reside in its conceptualization and analysis of what is meant by DSI. The components of the service and the technological requirements for not only provision but also ideation and development appear to be inseparable. The study unveils the mechanisms that turn a digital service solution into a co-innovative proposal. This knowledge can facilitate scalability in digital services.

目的数字服务创新(digital service innovation, DSI)是企业创新结构中实践认可的一种技术创新形式。鉴于实现数字服务的数字技术的广度和这些服务的多样性,需要进行分析,以辨别这些服务的性质,以及最终形成共同创新的过程。关于DSI的文献是碎片化的,分布在多个研究领域。这种碎片化阻碍了构成DSI的元素的概念化。本文通过数字服务平台(dsp)背景下DSI的启动、采用和常规化的过程和要素来描述DSI的本质。设计/方法/方法本文提出了一个单一的探索性案例研究,一个领先的客户关系数字解决方案的供应商。数据分析基于溯因推理。本文对决策决策的本质进行了概念化,并描述了决策决策的过程和要素(阶段、参与者、功能和交互)。它有助于为服务管理中的DSI研究构建一种通用语言。分析表明,dsp中的DSI是共同创新的代名词。本文利用混合敏捷方法,结合多方参与者和多边互动的协调,深入探讨了共同创新是如何发生的。独创性/价值这项研究的独创性和价值在于它对DSI含义的概念化和分析。服务的组成部分和技术要求不仅是提供,而且是构思和开发似乎是不可分割的。该研究揭示了将数字服务解决方案转变为共同创新提案的机制。这些知识可以促进数字服务的可扩展性。
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引用次数: 1
Research on service frontline employees: a science – practice perspective 服务一线员工研究:科学实践视角
IF 10.6 2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1108/josm-07-2023-0321
David Solnet, Maria Golubovskaya

Purpose

This article aims to build on the insights from the systematic reviews included in this special issue (SI) on frontline service employees (FLE) by adding practitioner perspectives. Its purpose is to gauge knowledge, awareness and practices from industry and government regarding topics related to frontline workers and to offer critical and, in places, provocative insights on the relevance of scholarly focus in serving the needs of industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Insights were developed through consultation with managers who are responsible for leading frontline employees, who offered insights on the important issues affecting their workforce as well as direct comments on each of the key topics covered in this SI articles. Additional insights were gathered through a review of policy document reviews with relevant government agencies and trade publications, a review of a body of conference topics and speakers and personal reflections developed over decades of consulting work.

Findings

This paper presents insights from industry about looming challenges facing managers of frontline service employees, including a forecasted worsening of labor force availability to perform many frontline jobs; growing competition for workers from other sectors; a relatively shallow understanding by industry of academic research topics on workforce in service; the emerging increased cooperation between industry and governments to address these challenges and a clear deficit in necessary frontline skills.

Originality/value

This paper provides rare and direct insights from industry practitioners about current and critical topics investigated by academic researchers and offers opportunities for further collaboration and collective thought on addressing global challenges faced by frontline service employees.

本文旨在通过增加从业者的视角,以本期特刊(SI)中对一线服务员工(FLE)的系统综述的见解为基础。其目的是评估与一线工人相关的行业和政府的知识、意识和实践,并就学术焦点与服务行业需求的相关性提供关键的、在某些地方具有挑衅性的见解。设计/方法/方法通过与负责领导一线员工的经理协商,他们就影响其员工的重要问题提供了见解,并就本SI文章中涉及的每个关键主题发表了直接评论,从而形成了见解。通过审查与有关政府机构和贸易出版物进行的政策文件审查,审查一系列会议主题和演讲者以及几十年咨询工作中形成的个人反思,收集了更多的见解。本文从行业角度分析了一线服务员工管理人员面临的潜在挑战,包括许多一线工作的劳动力供应预计会恶化;对其他部门工人的竞争日益激烈;行业对服务业劳动力学术研究课题的认识较浅;行业和政府之间的合作正在加强,以应对这些挑战和必要的一线技能的明显不足。原创性/价值本文提供了行业从业者对学术研究人员调查的当前和关键主题的罕见而直接的见解,并为进一步合作和集体思考提供了机会,以应对前线服务员工面临的全球挑战。
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引用次数: 0
A meta-analysis of the impact of customer mistreatment on service employees' affective, attitudinal and behavioral outcomes 顾客不当对待对服务员工情感、态度和行为结果影响的元分析
IF 10.6 2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1108/josm-08-2022-0262
Yu Wu, Markus Groth, Kaixin Zhang, Amirali Minbashian
<h3>Purpose</h3><p>Although service researchers have long suggested that customer mistreatment adversely impacts service employees' outcomes, statistical integration of current empirical findings has been lacking. This meta-analysis aims to review and statistically synthesize the state of research on the relationship between customer mistreatment and service employees' affective, attitudinal and behavioral outcomes.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --><h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3><p>The authors included 221 effect sizes of 135 independent samples from 119 primary studies (N = 47,964). The authors used a meta-analytic approach to quantitatively review the relationship between customer mistreatment and service employees' affective, attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Meta-analysis structural equation modeling was used to explore the mediation mechanism of service employees' affective outcomes on the relationships between customer mistreatment and employees' attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Meta-regression was applied to explore the impact of contextual-level moderators (i.e. service provider type and service delivery mode) on these relationships. Furthermore, we compared the effects of customer mistreatment with the effects of other organizational-related factors on some commonly measured employee outcomes.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --><h3>Findings</h3><p>The results show that customer mistreatment has a significant negative impact on service employees' affective outcomes (i.e. negative emotions), attitudinal outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work engagement and turnover intention) and behavioral outcomes (i.e. job performance, surface acting and emotional labor). Additionally, service employees' negative emotions mediate the association between customer mistreatment and employees' job satisfaction, turnover intention, surface acting and emotional labor. Furthermore, the relationships between customer mistreatment and service employees' negative emotions and job performance are influenced by a contextual-level moderator (i.e. service delivery mode).</p><!--/ Abstract__block --><h3>Originality/value</h3><p>The authors contribute to the literature by providing robust meta-analytic estimates of the effects of customer mistreatment on a variety of service employees' affective, attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, as well as the different magnitudes of the effect sizes between customer mistreatment and other job-related and personality-related factors by quantifying the true variability of the effect sizes. The authors draw on current theories underpinning customer mistreatment to test a theoretical model of the mediation mechanism of service employees' affective outcomes (i.e. service employees' negative emotions) on the relationships between customer mistreatment and employees' attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. The authors explore the effects of two contextual-level factors (i.e. service provider types and servic
目的:虽然服务研究人员长期以来一直认为顾客虐待会对服务员工的工作结果产生不利影响,但目前缺乏对实证结果的统计整合。本荟萃分析旨在回顾和统计综合顾客虐待与服务员工情感、态度和行为结果之间关系的研究现状。设计/方法学/方法作者纳入了来自119项主要研究的135个独立样本的221个效应量(N = 47,964)。作者使用元分析方法定量回顾了客户虐待与服务员工的情感、态度和行为结果之间的关系。采用元分析结构方程模型,探讨服务员工情感结果对顾客不当对待与员工态度和行为结果之间关系的中介机制。采用元回归方法探讨情境级调节因子(即服务提供者类型和服务交付模式)对这些关系的影响。此外,我们比较了客户虐待的影响与其他组织相关因素对一些常见的测量员工结果的影响。结果表明:顾客不当对待对服务员工的情感结果(即消极情绪)、态度结果(即工作满意度、组织承诺、工作投入和离职倾向)和行为结果(即工作绩效、表面表演和情绪劳动)有显著的负向影响。此外,服务员工的负性情绪在顾客不当对待与员工工作满意度、离职倾向、表面行为和情绪劳动的关系中起中介作用。此外,顾客虐待与服务员工负面情绪和工作绩效之间的关系受情境级调节因子(即服务提供模式)的影响。原创性/价值作者通过提供稳健的元分析估计顾客虐待对各种服务员工的情感、态度和行为结果的影响,以及通过量化效应大小的真实变异性,顾客虐待与其他工作相关和人格相关因素之间的效应大小的不同程度,为文献做出了贡献。作者借鉴现有的顾客虐待理论,检验了服务员工情感结果(即服务员工的负面情绪)对顾客虐待与员工态度和行为结果之间关系的中介机制的理论模型。作者探讨了与服务提供背景相关的两个情境层面因素(即服务提供者类型和服务提供模式)的影响,这些因素可能解释了实证研究中效应大小的可变性。
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引用次数: 1
Understanding consumer behaviour in evolving subscription markets – lessons from sports season tickets research 了解不断发展的订阅市场中的消费者行为——来自体育季票研究的经验教训
IF 10.6 2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1108/josm-03-2022-0116
Heath McDonald, Steven Dunn, Dominik Schreyer, Byron Sharp

Purpose

The purpose is to review literature on sports season ticket subscriptions to distil current knowledge and guide future research and practice.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review is conducted of research on sports season tickets, a long-established and innovative subscription category.

Findings

In-depth examination of 28 papers showed a focus on drivers of satisfaction, churn and renewal causes, and product utilisation rates. Subscription markets typically involve many “solely loyal” consumers, most purchasing one or two subscriptions in a category. From reduced barriers to entry and exit to “curated” subscriptions, subscription marketing is changing very quickly. Sports marketers build relationships with subscribers using behavioural data, tier benefits to distinguish between casual and subscribing customers, and create recall and scarcity around key aspects of subscription to combat churn and increase utilisation.

Research limitations/implications

Scarce research on subscription marketing practices remains the primary limitation. Existing research suggests that strong connections between subscriber and organisation, heavy product utilisation and/or strong barriers to switching drive customer satisfaction and retention.

Practical implications

Rapid expansion of subscription products should reduce “excess loyalty”, meaning that subscription models' main benefit will be limited to reoccurring revenue. Exceptions occur when consumers are heavily connected to the product or have little provider choice, so allocate their category buying exclusively. New subscription products face myriad challenges. Guidance on effective subscription marketing from sports marketing research and practice is outlined.

Originality/value

By combining research on market structure, marketing empirical generalisations and subscription marketing, this paper guides future research and practice.

目的回顾有关体育季票订阅的文献,提炼现有知识,指导今后的研究和实践。设计/方法/方法对体育季票这一历史悠久的创新订阅类别的研究进行了系统的文献综述。对28篇论文的深入研究表明,满意度驱动因素、流失和更新原因以及产品利用率是重点。订阅市场通常包含许多“完全忠诚”的消费者,大多数人在一个类别中购买一到两个订阅。从降低进入和退出的门槛到“精心策划”的订阅,订阅营销正在迅速发生变化。体育营销人员利用行为数据与订阅者建立关系,通过分层利益来区分休闲客户和订阅客户,并围绕订阅的关键方面创建召回和稀缺性,以防止流失和提高利用率。研究局限/启示对订阅营销实践的缺乏研究仍然是主要的限制。现有的研究表明,用户和组织之间的紧密联系、产品的大量使用和/或转换的强大障碍推动了客户满意度和留存率。实际意义订阅产品的快速扩张应该会减少“过度忠诚度”,这意味着订阅模式的主要好处将局限于经常性收入。当消费者与产品联系紧密或供应商选择很少时,就会出现例外情况,因此要专门分配他们的类别购买。新的订阅产品面临着无数挑战。从体育营销研究和实践中概述了有效订阅营销的指导。原创性/价值通过结合市场结构研究、营销实证概括和订阅营销,指导未来的研究和实践。
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引用次数: 1
Some agents are more similar than others: customer orientation of frontline robots and employees 一些代理比其他代理更相似:一线机器人和员工的客户导向
IF 10.6 2区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1108/josm-06-2022-0192
David Leiño Calleja, J. Schepers, E. Nijssen
PurposeThe impact of frontline robots (FLRs) on customer orientation perceptions remains unclear. This is remarkable because customers may associate FLRs with standardization and cost-cutting, such that they may not fit firms that aim to be customer oriented.Design/methodology/approachIn four experiments, data are collected from customers interacting with frontline employees (FLEs) and FLRs in different settings.FindingsFLEs are perceived as more customer-oriented than FLRs due to higher competence and warmth evaluations. A relational interaction style attenuates the difference in perceived competence between FLRs and FLEs. These agents are also perceived as more similar in competence and warmth when FLRs participate in the customer journey's information and negotiation stages. Switching from FLE to FLR in the journey harms FLR evaluations.Practical implicationsThe authors recommend firms to place FLRs only in the negotiation stage or in both the information and negotiation stages of the customer journey. Still then customers should not transition from employees to robots (vice versa does no harm). Firms should ensure that FLRs utilize a relational style when interacting with customers for optimal effects.Originality/valueThe authors bridge the FLR and sales/marketing literature by drawing on social cognition theory. The authors also identify the product categories for which customers are willing to negotiate with an FLR. Broadly speaking, this study’s findings underline that customers perceive robots as having agency (i.e. the mental capacity for acting with intentionality) and, just as humans, can be customer-oriented.
目的:一线机器人(flr)对客户导向感知的影响尚不清楚。这是值得注意的,因为客户可能将flr与标准化和成本削减联系在一起,因此它们可能不适合以客户为导向的公司。设计/方法/方法在四个实验中,收集了客户在不同环境下与一线员工(fle)和一线员工(flr)互动的数据。研究发现,由于更高的能力和热情评价,员工被认为比flr更以客户为导向。关系互动方式减弱了外劳与外劳之间的感知能力差异。当flr参与客户旅程的信息和谈判阶段时,这些座席在能力和热情方面也更加相似。在旅程中从FLE切换到FLR会损害FLR评估。实际意义作者建议公司只在谈判阶段或在客户旅程的信息和谈判阶段放置flr。然而,客户不应该从员工转向机器人(反之亦然)。公司应确保flr在与客户互动时利用关系风格以获得最佳效果。原创性/价值作者通过借鉴社会认知理论,将FLR和销售/营销文献联系起来。作者还确定了客户愿意与FLR谈判的产品类别。从广义上讲,这项研究的发现强调了客户认为机器人具有能动性(即具有意向性行动的心智能力),并且和人类一样,可以以客户为导向。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Service Management
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