Pub Date : 2024-03-04eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2300803
Zhenfa Li, Fulong Wu, Fangzhu Zhang
Since the 2010s local government debt has boomed in China because the government relies on debt financing for infrastructure investment. The debt mainly consists of the issuance of Chengtou bonds and later local government bonds. Using data from more than 300 cities from 2009 to 2020, this article maps its spatial dynamics to further the understanding of intergovernmental relations in the studies on local government debt. We find that, from 2009 to 2014, most cities had large bond-issuing amounts. The dynamics were affected by the economic stimulus target set by the central government and the interjurisdictional competition in borrowing among local governments. After 2015 the cities with better economies issued more bonds because the central government tried to match local government debt with local fiscal capacity to maintain financial security. The spatial dynamics show the increasing intervention by the central government in local fiscal income and expenditure, reflecting fiscal centralization. Fiscal centralization did not effectively contain the financial risk in the less-developed cities. Motivated by the competition, the less-developed cities did not use bonds efficiently and had higher ratios of bond issuance to fiscal income, experiencing higher financial risk.
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Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2258395
Hanieh Molana, Deirdre Conlon, Jennifer L. Fluri, Nancy Hiemstra
{"title":"Conference Organizing in the Hybrid Age: Lessons from the Fourth International Feminist Geography Conference","authors":"Hanieh Molana, Deirdre Conlon, Jennifer L. Fluri, Nancy Hiemstra","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2023.2258395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2258395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48098,"journal":{"name":"Professional Geographer","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2250415
Greg Oulahen, Christopher Randall, Calvin Nguyen, Carrie Mitchell
AbstractResilience is everywhere in plans, policy, and academic literature on risk reduction and adaptation, and a common refrain of elected officials and disaster victims alike. Geographers have contributed much to the critical understanding of the theoretical foundations and implications of this now ubiquitous concept, and have made some initial steps in studying how local practitioners and other experts interpret and apply resilience in risk reduction and adaptation measures. But there is limited empirical research, however, on what the people living in communities exposed to hazards think about resilience. This study aims to address this gap by conducting in-person, researcher-administered surveys (n = 400) with members of the public using coastal and lakefront environmental amenities in Vancouver and Toronto, Canada. Survey results include three main findings: (1) the majority of participants prefer the framing of “increasing resilience” over “reducing vulnerability”; (2) the conceptualization of resilience as creative transformation is greatly favored over conceptualizations of resilience as resistance or recovery; and (3) resilience is seen as uneven in both study cities. The study reveals insights that can help inform and align resilience theory and practice in cities.韧性普遍存在于降低和适应风险的各种计划、政策和学术文献中, 也是民选官员和受灾者的共同口号。在批判性地理解韧性这个普遍概念的理论基础和含义方面, 地理学家做出了很大贡献, 初步研究了在降低风险、采取适应措施的过程中, 当地实施者和专家如何解释和运用韧性。然而, 受灾社区人群对韧性的看法, 还缺乏实证研究。为了弥补这一缺陷, 我们开展了面对面调查(n = 400), 调查对象是加拿大温哥华和多伦多使用海滨和湖滨环境设施的民众。调查结果有三个主要发现: (1)大多数参与者更喜欢“提高韧性”而非“降低脆弱性”；(2)将韧性概念化为创造性的转变, 比将韧性概念化为抵抗或恢复更受欢迎；(3)两个研究城市的韧性有所不同。本研究提供了解释和统一城市韧性理论和实践的一些见解。La resiliencia se muestra por todo lado en los planes, la política y en la literatura académica que versa sobre la reducción de riesgos y la adaptación, y es un dicho común de los funcionarios elegidos y de las víctimas de los desastres, por igual. Los geógrafos han contribuido mucho al entendimiento crítico de los fundamentos teóricos e implicaciones de lo que ahora es concepto ubicuo, y han transitado por algunos de los pasos iniciales del estudio sobre cómo los practicantes locales y otros expertos interpretan y aplican la resiliencia en las medidas que se toman para la disminución del riesgo y la adaptación. Sin embargo, es limitada la investigación empírica sobre lo que piensa de la resiliencia la gente que vive en comunidades expuestas a riesgos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo salvar esta laguna, conduciendo encuestas personales (n ¼ de 400), administradas por el investigador a personas que utilizan servicios ambientales costeros y lacustres en Vancouver y Toronto, Canadá. Los resultados del estudio incluyen tres hallazgos principales: (1) la mayoría de los participantes prefiere el marco de “incrementar la resiliencia” al de “reducir la vulnerabilidad”; (2) la conceptualización de la resiliencia como resistencia o recuperación; y (3) la resiliencia es vista como desigual en las dos ciudades del estudio. El estudio revela visiones que pued
摘要弹性在减少风险和适应风险的计划、政策和学术文献中无处不在，也是民选官员和灾难受害者的共同措辞。地理学家对这个如今无处不在的概念的理论基础和含义的批判性理解做出了很大贡献，并在研究当地从业者和其他专家如何在风险降低和适应措施中解释和应用弹性方面迈出了一些初步步骤。然而，关于生活在面临灾害的社区中的人们如何看待恢复力的实证研究有限。本研究旨在通过对加拿大温哥华和多伦多沿海和湖滨环境设施的公众进行面对面的、由研究人员管理的调查(n = 400)来解决这一差距。调查结果包括三个主要发现:(1)大多数参与者更倾向于“增加弹性”而不是“减少脆弱性”的框架;(2)将弹性定义为创造性转化比将弹性定义为抵抗或恢复更受欢迎;(3)在两个研究城市中，弹性被认为是不平衡的。该研究揭示了一些见解，有助于为城市的弹性理论和实践提供信息和协调。韧性普遍存在于降低和适应风险的各种计划、政策和学术文献中, 也是民选官员和受灾者的共同口号。在批判性地理解韧性这个普遍概念的理论基础和含义方面, 地理学家做出了很大贡献, 初步研究了在降低风险、采取适应措施的过程中, 当地实施者和专家如何解释和运用韧性。然而, 受灾社区人群对韧性的看法, 还缺乏实证研究。为了弥补这一缺陷,我们开展了面对面调查(n = 400),调查对象是加拿大温哥华和多伦多使用海滨和湖滨环境设施的民众。调查结果有三个主要发现: (1)大多数参与者更喜欢“提高韧性”而非“降低脆弱性”；(2)将韧性概念化为创造性的转变, 比将韧性概念化为抵抗或恢复更受欢迎；(3)两个研究城市的韧性有所不同。本研究提供了解释和统一城市韧性理论和实践的一些见解。La resiliencia se musestra por do do lado en los planes, La política y enla literature academicmicas que sobre, La reducción de riesgos y La adaptación, y es un dicho común de los cionario elegidos y La víctimas de los deshares, por igual。Los geógrafos不仅为crítico de Los基要学teóricos de Los基要学的含义和概念贡献了很多，而且还为Los基要学的含义和概念的含义贡献了很多，因此，通过对Los基要学的含义和概念的含义贡献了很多，通过对Los基要学的含义和概念的含义贡献了很多，通过对Los基要学的含义和概念的含义贡献了很多。cómo Los基要学的含义和概念的含义贡献了很多。在禁运期间，我们的限制是:investigación empírica我们的限制是:我们的恢复能力是:我们的恢复能力是:我们的恢复能力是:我们的恢复能力是:我们的恢复能力是:我们的恢复能力是:我们的恢复能力是:我们的恢复能力是:我们的恢复能力是:Este estudio tiene como objtivo salvar esta laguna, coniendo encuestas personales(1994年)，administradas por investigation a personas que utilitas和servicios ambientales costos of lakes，温哥华和多伦多，加拿大。研究结果包括三个基本原则:(1)研究参与者优先考虑“增强弹性”和“减少脆弱性”;(2) la conceptualización de la resiliencia como resistencia o recuperación;(3)建筑设计的弹性与弹性。El estustudio revela visiones que pueden ayudar是一个非正式的线性建筑teoría y la práctica de la resiliencia en las cidades。Palabras clave: adaptaciónpercepción públicareducción de riesgosresiliencivulnerability关键字:适应性公众感知弹性风险降低脆弱性披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。作者要感谢多伦多和温哥华的研究参与者与我们分享他们的时间和见解，以及两位匿名审稿人对本文的有益评论。研究经费由加拿大社会科学与人文研究理事会提供。作者简介:greg OULAHEN，加拿大多伦多城市大学地理与环境研究系副教授。电子邮件:greg.oulahen@torontomu.ca。他的研究兴趣包括社会与环境的相互作用、危害和风险。Christopher RANDALL，加拿大多伦多城市大学环境应用科学与管理专业研究生，多伦多，ON M5B 2K3。电子邮件:c3randall@torontomu.ca。他的研究兴趣包括通过城市环境中的灾害风险、恢复力和治理概念来概念化人与环境的界面。Calvin NGUYEN，加拿大多伦多城市大学环境应用科学与管理专业应届毕业生。电子邮件:calvin.nguyen@torontomu.ca。他的研究重点是城市的复原力和脆弱性。Carrie MITCHELL，加拿大滑铁卢大学规划学院副教授，滑铁卢，ON N2L 3G1。电子邮件:carrie.mitchell@uwaterloo.ca。她的研究兴趣包括气候变化传播和城市弹性规划。
{"title":"Public Perceptions of Resilience and Vulnerability Concepts for Adaptation","authors":"Greg Oulahen, Christopher Randall, Calvin Nguyen, Carrie Mitchell","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2023.2250415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2250415","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractResilience is everywhere in plans, policy, and academic literature on risk reduction and adaptation, and a common refrain of elected officials and disaster victims alike. Geographers have contributed much to the critical understanding of the theoretical foundations and implications of this now ubiquitous concept, and have made some initial steps in studying how local practitioners and other experts interpret and apply resilience in risk reduction and adaptation measures. But there is limited empirical research, however, on what the people living in communities exposed to hazards think about resilience. This study aims to address this gap by conducting in-person, researcher-administered surveys (n = 400) with members of the public using coastal and lakefront environmental amenities in Vancouver and Toronto, Canada. Survey results include three main findings: (1) the majority of participants prefer the framing of “increasing resilience” over “reducing vulnerability”; (2) the conceptualization of resilience as creative transformation is greatly favored over conceptualizations of resilience as resistance or recovery; and (3) resilience is seen as uneven in both study cities. The study reveals insights that can help inform and align resilience theory and practice in cities.韧性普遍存在于降低和适应风险的各种计划、政策和学术文献中, 也是民选官员和受灾者的共同口号。在批判性地理解韧性这个普遍概念的理论基础和含义方面, 地理学家做出了很大贡献, 初步研究了在降低风险、采取适应措施的过程中, 当地实施者和专家如何解释和运用韧性。然而, 受灾社区人群对韧性的看法, 还缺乏实证研究。为了弥补这一缺陷, 我们开展了面对面调查(n = 400), 调查对象是加拿大温哥华和多伦多使用海滨和湖滨环境设施的民众。调查结果有三个主要发现: (1)大多数参与者更喜欢“提高韧性”而非“降低脆弱性”；(2)将韧性概念化为创造性的转变, 比将韧性概念化为抵抗或恢复更受欢迎；(3)两个研究城市的韧性有所不同。本研究提供了解释和统一城市韧性理论和实践的一些见解。La resiliencia se muestra por todo lado en los planes, la política y en la literatura académica que versa sobre la reducción de riesgos y la adaptación, y es un dicho común de los funcionarios elegidos y de las víctimas de los desastres, por igual. Los geógrafos han contribuido mucho al entendimiento crítico de los fundamentos teóricos e implicaciones de lo que ahora es concepto ubicuo, y han transitado por algunos de los pasos iniciales del estudio sobre cómo los practicantes locales y otros expertos interpretan y aplican la resiliencia en las medidas que se toman para la disminución del riesgo y la adaptación. Sin embargo, es limitada la investigación empírica sobre lo que piensa de la resiliencia la gente que vive en comunidades expuestas a riesgos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo salvar esta laguna, conduciendo encuestas personales (n ¼ de 400), administradas por el investigador a personas que utilizan servicios ambientales costeros y lacustres en Vancouver y Toronto, Canadá. Los resultados del estudio incluyen tres hallazgos principales: (1) la mayoría de los participantes prefiere el marco de “incrementar la resiliencia” al de “reducir la vulnerabilidad”; (2) la conceptualización de la resiliencia como resistencia o recuperación; y (3) la resiliencia es vista como desigual en las dos ciudades del estudio. El estudio revela visiones que pued","PeriodicalId":48098,"journal":{"name":"Professional Geographer","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2250412
Lili Wang
AbstractExisting literature details many complexities of researcher–participant relationships in field work. It nonetheless evades a possibility that the researcher could be co-opted and lose his or her researcher self in specific field situations. Reflecting on an internship experience with a Chinese new town government, I present and problematize such a possibility. Two questions are explored: (1) In what contexts and in what ways was the researcher co-opted? (2) What have been the implications of the co-option to the researcher’s research practices? By answering these questions, this article makes three contributions. First, it presents a new complexity to researcher–participant relationships in the field. Second, in explaining the emergence of such a complexity, it develops a conceptual framework of resubjectivation that considers the intersection of the researcher’s biography and the agency of the field site. Third, the article unravels how being co-opted in the field had profound impacts on research, posing complex methodological and ethical challenges.现有文献详细描述了实地工作中研究人员和参与者关系的多种复杂性。然而, 文献回避了一种可能性: 在特定实地情况下, 研究人员可能被同化并失去自我。我反思了在中国一个新城镇的政府实习经历, 提出并探究了这种可能性。本文探讨两个问题: (1)研究人员在什么背景下、以何种方式被同化？(2)同化对研究人员的研究有什么影响？通过回答这些问题, 本文有三个贡献。首先, 展现了实地研究人员和参与者关系的一种新的复杂性。其次, 解释了这种复杂性的出现, 提出了再主体化的概念框架, 思考了研究人员和实地的关系。第三, 揭示了实地同化如何对研究产生深远影响, 提出了方法论和伦理上的复杂挑战。La literatura existente detalla muchas complejidades de las relaciones investigador–participante en el trabajo de campo. No obstante, elude la posibilidad de que el investigador pueda ser cooptado y pierda su rol como investigador en situaciones específicas en el trabajo de campo. Reflexionando sobre una experiencia de prácticas con el gobierno de una nueva ciudad china, presento y problematizo tal posibilidad. Se exploran dos interrogantes: (1) ¿En cuáles contextos y de qué modo fue cooptado el investigador? Y, (2) ¿Cuáles han sido las implicaciones de la cooptación para las prácticas de investigación de la investigadora? Tratando de absolver estas cuestiones, este artículo hace tres contribuciones. Primero, presenta una complejidad nueva de las relaciones investigador–participante en el campo. Segundo, al explicar la aparición de tal complejidad, desarrolla un marco conceptual de resubjetivación que toma en consideración la intersección de la biografía del investigador y la agencia del lugar del campo. Tercero, el artículo desglosa el punto sobre cómo el ser cooptado en el campo tiene impactos profundos sobre la investigación, planteando desafíos metodológicos y éticos complejos.Key Words: Chinafield workresearcher–participant relationshipsstatesubjectivation关键词: 中国实地工作研究人员和参与者关系国家主体化Palabras clave: ChinaEstadorelaciones investigador–participantesubjetivacióntrabajo de campo Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Additional informationNotes on contributorsLili WangLILI WANG is an Assistant Professor in the Center for Social Sciences at Southern University of Science
现有文献详细介绍了野外工作中研究者-参与者关系的许多复杂性。尽管如此，它回避了一种可能性，即研究人员可能会被增选，并在特定的领域情况下失去他或她的研究人员自我。反思在中国新镇政府的实习经历，我提出并质疑这种可能性。探讨了两个问题:(1)在什么情况下，以什么方式被研究员增选?(2)共同选择对研究者的研究实践有什么影响?通过回答这些问题，本文做出了三个贡献。首先，它使该领域的研究者-参与者关系呈现出新的复杂性。其次，在解释这种复杂性的出现时，它发展了一个再主体化的概念框架，该框架考虑了研究人员的传记和现场代理的交集。第三，本文揭示了在该领域的增选如何对研究产生了深远的影响，并提出了复杂的方法论和伦理挑战。然而, 文献回避了一种可能性: 在特定实地情况下, 研究人员可能被同化并失去自我。我反思了在中国一个新城镇的政府实习经历, 提出并探究了这种可能性。本文探讨两个问题: (1)研究人员在什么背景下、以何种方式被同化？(2)同化对研究人员的研究有什么影响？通过回答这些问题, 本文有三个贡献。首先, 展现了实地研究人员和参与者关系的一种新的复杂性。其次, 解释了这种复杂性的出现, 提出了再主体化的概念框架, 思考了研究人员和实地的关系。第三, 揭示了实地同化如何对研究产生深远影响, 提出了方法论和伦理上的复杂挑战。文学的存在是一种复杂的关系，是一种调查者与参与者之间的关系。毫无疑问，不存在调查人员与其他调查人员合作的可能性。调查人员与其他调查人员合作的可能性。调查人员与其他调查人员合作的可能性。反思与反思:中国新城市的经验与反思与反思:中国新城市的经验与反思与反思;中国新城市的反思与反思;中国新城市的反思与反思;(1)“审问者的自我探索”:(1)“审问者的自我探索”:(1)“调查者的自我探索”(cuáles)Y，(2)¿Cuáles han sido las implicaciones de la cooptación para las prácticas de investigación de la investigadora?Tratando de absolver estas问题，este artículo有三个贡献。首次提出了一种复杂的新关系，研究人员与参与者之间的关系。第二，所有明确的aparición de tal complejidad, desarrolla un marco conceptual de resubjetivación que toma en consideración la intersección de la biografía del investigador y la agencia del lugar del campo。Tercero, el artículo desglosa el punto sobre cómo el ser cooptado和el campo tiene影响深远的sobre la investigación, planteando desafíos metodológicos y samticos complexos。关键词:中国野外工作研究者-参与者关系国家主体化帕拉布拉斯克莱;中国estadorelacones investigador-participantesubjetivacióntrabajo de campo披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。作者简介:王莉莉，南方科技大学社会科学研究中心助理教授，深圳518055。电子邮件:wangll3@sustech.edu.cn。她的研究兴趣包括批判城市理论、国家理论、中国新城和基础设施发展。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2250416
Dipto Sarkar, Jan F. Gogarten, Xiaofan Liang, Clio Andris, Emmanuel Abwa Opito, Kim Valenta, Urs Kalbitzer, Raja Sengupta, Colin A. Chapman
AbstractConservation, like all aspects of society, was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there have been projections and speculations about impacts on conservation plans and actions, data about the extent of these impacts are sparse. We contribute evidence from a research field site in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Our analysis shows that many of the fears concerning the negative conservation impacts of COVID-19 were borne out. Long-term research projects were disrupted, affecting employment opportunities in the park. These effects percolated into the local communities, which reported high levels of financial stress and other negative impacts, such as increased rates of teenage pregnancy. People who were permanently employed at the park reported lower levels of financial stress. Also particularly concerning was the increase in poaching in the park due to a lack of food security. This research highlights an important path toward resiliency for research stations in the face of global crises, but it requires changes in funding duration and scope from granting agencies and governments. Operating differently than ecotourism, research field stations provide unique opportunities to build resilient conservation instruments and the results of this research can help guide policies to make research field stations more resilient.与社会各个方面一样, 自然保护也受到了新冠肺炎疫情的严重影响。尽管我们已经预测和猜想了疫情对自然保护计划和行动的影响, 但很少有影响程度的数据。本文提供了乌干达Kibale国家公园野外研究站的证据。分析表明, 对新冠肺炎负面影响自然保护的许多担忧, 都得到了证实。长期研究项目被打乱, 进而影响了公园的就业机会。这些影响渗透到当地社区。据报道, 这些社区面临着很大的经济压力和其它负面影响(例如, 青少年的怀孕率上升)。公园永久工作人员的经济压力较低。特别令人担忧的是, 由于缺乏粮食保障, 公园偷猎行为有所增加。本研究强调了野外研究站应对全球危机的重要韧性措施, 但这需要资助机构和政府修改资助时间和研究范围。与生态旅游不同, 野外研究站为建立韧性的自然保护措施提供了独特机会。研究结果有助于指导政策、使野外研究站更具有韧性。La conservación, como todos los aspectos de la sociedad, se vio severamente afectada por la pandemia del COVID-19. Aunque se han hecho proyecciones y especulaciones sobre los planes y acciones de la conservación, los datos relacionados con la amplitud de estos impactos son escasos. Nuestra contribución a la evidencia proviene de un sitio de investigación de campo localizado en el Parque Nacional de Kibale, en Uganda. Nuestro análisis muestra que muchos de los temores sobre las repercusiones negativas del COVID-19 sobe la conservación, fueron confirmadas. Los proyectos de investigación a largo plazo se vieron afectados negativamente, con manifiesta incidencia sobre las oportunidades de empleo en el parque. Estos efectos se filtraron hacia las comunidades locales, que reportaron altos niveles de estrés financiero y otros impactos negativos, tales como el incremento en las tasas de embarazo adolescente. La gente que disfrutaba de empleo permanente en el parque declaró niveles más bajos de estrés financiero. También, fue especialmente preocupante el incremento de la caza furtiva en el parque debido a la falta de seguridad alimentaria. Esta investigación destaca una ruta importante hacia la resiliencia de las estaciones de investigación, frente a las crisis globa
【摘要】新冠肺炎疫情对环境保护和社会各方面都造成了严重影响。尽管已经对保护计划和行动的影响进行了预测和推测，但关于这些影响程度的数据很少。我们提供的证据来自乌干达基巴莱国家公园的一个研究现场。我们的分析表明，关于COVID-19负面保护影响的许多担忧都得到了证实。长期研究项目中断，影响了园区内的就业机会。这些影响渗透到当地社区，当地社区报告了高水平的经济压力和其他负面影响，例如少女怀孕率上升。长期受雇于该公园的员工报告称，他们的财务压力水平较低。另外特别令人担忧的是，由于缺乏粮食安全，公园内偷猎活动有所增加。这项研究强调了面对全球危机时研究站恢复能力的重要途径，但它需要资助机构和政府改变资助期限和范围。与生态旅游不同，实地研究站的运作方式为建立具有弹性的保护工具提供了独特的机会，本研究的结果可以帮助指导政策，使实地研究站更具弹性。与社会各个方面一样, 自然保护也受到了新冠肺炎疫情的严重影响。尽管我们已经预测和猜想了疫情对自然保护计划和行动的影响, 但很少有影响程度的数据。齐伯里，齐伯里。分析表明, 对新冠肺炎负面影响自然保护的许多担忧, 都得到了证实。长期研究项目被打乱, 进而影响了公园的就业机会。这些影响渗透到当地社区。据报道, 这些社区面临着很大的经济压力和其它负面影响(例如, 青少年的怀孕率上升)。公园永久工作人员的经济压力较低。特别令人担忧的是, 由于缺乏粮食保障, 公园偷猎行为有所增加。本研究强调了野外研究站应对全球危机的重要韧性措施, 但这需要资助机构和政府修改资助时间和研究范围。与生态旅游不同, 野外研究站为建立韧性的自然保护措施提供了独特机会。研究结果有助于指导政策、使野外研究站更具有韧性。La conservación, como todos los dimensions de La sociad, se vio多个影响因素，以预防COVID-19大流行。我们的研究结果表明，我们的研究结果是:我们的预测结果是:我们的预测结果是:我们的预测结果是:我们的预测结果是:我们的预测结果是:我们的预测结果是:我们的预测结果是:我们的预测结果是:Nuestra contribución a la evidence provene de unsittio de investigación de campo localizado en el Parque national de Kibale, en乌干达。fueron证实，Nuestro análisis对COVID-19的负面影响的研究结果如下conservación。investigación项目是一个大型的广场，它可以看到负面的影响，可以显示出事件的发生率，也可以为员工提供机会。Estos的影响包括:对社区和地区的过滤、对社区和地区的报告、对社区和地区的财务影响、对社区和地区的负面影响、对社区和地区的经济影响的增加、对青少年的经济影响的增加。关于雇员的永久不稳定的问题，请在下述情况下解决:declaró niveles más财务问题。tamamiman，特别是在食品安全问题上，特别是在食品安全问题上，特别是在食品安全问题上。斯塔investigacion destaca una太阳之重要hacia la resiliencia de las estaciones de investigacion前面las危机全球,佩罗requiere: en la duracion y alcance de la financiacion运动组成部分de las通讯社的记者,la conceden y洛“。通过建立不同的生态旅游管理系统，建立investigación城市发展机会系统únicas建立复原工具系统conservación，建立一个结果系统investigación建立一个数据系统políticas建立一个数据系统investigación城市发展系统más复原力系统。关键词:生物多样性保护新冠肺炎影响Kibale国家公园野外研究站空间社交网络Palabras劈开:conservacion de la biodiversidadestacion de investigacion de campoimpactos del COVID-19Parque Nacional de Kibaleredes优势种espacialesKey词:生物多样性conservationCOVID-19 impactsKibale国家Parkresearch stationspatial AcknowledgmentsThis社交网络研究领域就没有不可能的帮助乌干达Makerere大学野生动物权威和生物领域。非常感谢我们的研究助理Jimmy Ogwang进行采访。本研究由卡尔顿大学研究伦理委员会a (CUREB-A)评估。协议# 115661。披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。在本研究过程中，通讯作者得到了加拿大社会科学与人文研究理事会、爱尔兰卫生研究委员会和卡尔顿大学研究成就奖的资助。作者简介迪普托·萨卡尔，加拿大渥太华K1S 5B6卡尔顿大学地理与环境研究系助理教授。电子邮件:dipto.sarkar@carleton.ca。他的研究重点是开发空间分析方法，以模拟保护计划的有效性及其对公园附近社区的影响。Jan F. GogartenJAN F
{"title":"Impacts of COVID-19 on Biodiversity Conservation and Community Networks at Kibale National Park, Uganda","authors":"Dipto Sarkar, Jan F. Gogarten, Xiaofan Liang, Clio Andris, Emmanuel Abwa Opito, Kim Valenta, Urs Kalbitzer, Raja Sengupta, Colin A. Chapman","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2023.2250416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2250416","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractConservation, like all aspects of society, was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there have been projections and speculations about impacts on conservation plans and actions, data about the extent of these impacts are sparse. We contribute evidence from a research field site in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Our analysis shows that many of the fears concerning the negative conservation impacts of COVID-19 were borne out. Long-term research projects were disrupted, affecting employment opportunities in the park. These effects percolated into the local communities, which reported high levels of financial stress and other negative impacts, such as increased rates of teenage pregnancy. People who were permanently employed at the park reported lower levels of financial stress. Also particularly concerning was the increase in poaching in the park due to a lack of food security. This research highlights an important path toward resiliency for research stations in the face of global crises, but it requires changes in funding duration and scope from granting agencies and governments. Operating differently than ecotourism, research field stations provide unique opportunities to build resilient conservation instruments and the results of this research can help guide policies to make research field stations more resilient.与社会各个方面一样, 自然保护也受到了新冠肺炎疫情的严重影响。尽管我们已经预测和猜想了疫情对自然保护计划和行动的影响, 但很少有影响程度的数据。本文提供了乌干达Kibale国家公园野外研究站的证据。分析表明, 对新冠肺炎负面影响自然保护的许多担忧, 都得到了证实。长期研究项目被打乱, 进而影响了公园的就业机会。这些影响渗透到当地社区。据报道, 这些社区面临着很大的经济压力和其它负面影响(例如, 青少年的怀孕率上升)。公园永久工作人员的经济压力较低。特别令人担忧的是, 由于缺乏粮食保障, 公园偷猎行为有所增加。本研究强调了野外研究站应对全球危机的重要韧性措施, 但这需要资助机构和政府修改资助时间和研究范围。与生态旅游不同, 野外研究站为建立韧性的自然保护措施提供了独特机会。研究结果有助于指导政策、使野外研究站更具有韧性。La conservación, como todos los aspectos de la sociedad, se vio severamente afectada por la pandemia del COVID-19. Aunque se han hecho proyecciones y especulaciones sobre los planes y acciones de la conservación, los datos relacionados con la amplitud de estos impactos son escasos. Nuestra contribución a la evidencia proviene de un sitio de investigación de campo localizado en el Parque Nacional de Kibale, en Uganda. Nuestro análisis muestra que muchos de los temores sobre las repercusiones negativas del COVID-19 sobe la conservación, fueron confirmadas. Los proyectos de investigación a largo plazo se vieron afectados negativamente, con manifiesta incidencia sobre las oportunidades de empleo en el parque. Estos efectos se filtraron hacia las comunidades locales, que reportaron altos niveles de estrés financiero y otros impactos negativos, tales como el incremento en las tasas de embarazo adolescente. La gente que disfrutaba de empleo permanente en el parque declaró niveles más bajos de estrés financiero. También, fue especialmente preocupante el incremento de la caza furtiva en el parque debido a la falta de seguridad alimentaria. Esta investigación destaca una ruta importante hacia la resiliencia de las estaciones de investigación, frente a las crisis globa","PeriodicalId":48098,"journal":{"name":"Professional Geographer","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2242465
Robert W. Lake
Most practices of professional geography employ a realist ontology of knowledge, seeking accurate representations of an external world that exists in itself, prior to our attempts to know it. Certainty in the accuracy of our interior representations of an external world, however, breeds dogmatic claims to truth in the attempt to bridge the unbridgeable gap separating matter from mind. A reading of Rorty’s (2021) posthumously published Pragmatism as Anti-Authoritarianism offers an escape from authoritarian certainty by charting a shift from professional geography to a public geography (although he never used that term). Making this move entails a shift from analysis to conversation; from abstract theorization to the extension of loyalty to the widest possible plurality of publics; and from representing an antecedent truth to the pragmatist’s goal of reaching collective agreement on what to do. Rorty’s antiauthoritarian pragmatism makes a compelling case to stop thinking of knowledge as correctly answering a multiple-choice question in which the answer is known in advance and instead to nurture a public geography aimed toward the larger challenge of negotiating collective agreement on how we should live together in an interdependent world.
{"title":"From Professional Geography to Public Geography, from Representational Certainty to Not Knowing the Answer","authors":"Robert W. Lake","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2023.2242465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2242465","url":null,"abstract":"Most practices of professional geography employ a realist ontology of knowledge, seeking accurate representations of an external world that exists in itself, prior to our attempts to know it. Certainty in the accuracy of our interior representations of an external world, however, breeds dogmatic claims to truth in the attempt to bridge the unbridgeable gap separating matter from mind. A reading of Rorty’s (2021) posthumously published Pragmatism as Anti-Authoritarianism offers an escape from authoritarian certainty by charting a shift from professional geography to a public geography (although he never used that term). Making this move entails a shift from analysis to conversation; from abstract theorization to the extension of loyalty to the widest possible plurality of publics; and from representing an antecedent truth to the pragmatist’s goal of reaching collective agreement on what to do. Rorty’s antiauthoritarian pragmatism makes a compelling case to stop thinking of knowledge as correctly answering a multiple-choice question in which the answer is known in advance and instead to nurture a public geography aimed toward the larger challenge of negotiating collective agreement on how we should live together in an interdependent world.","PeriodicalId":48098,"journal":{"name":"Professional Geographer","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134989628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2242451
Suneal Kolluri
{"title":"Why AP Human Geography?","authors":"Suneal Kolluri","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2023.2242451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2242451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48098,"journal":{"name":"Professional Geographer","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135880138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2242467
Philipp Aufenvenne, Christian Haase, Malte Steinbrink
{"title":"The Gender Citation Gap in Human Geography: Indications from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland","authors":"Philipp Aufenvenne, Christian Haase, Malte Steinbrink","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2023.2242467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2242467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48098,"journal":{"name":"Professional Geographer","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135880155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2242468
Ilhong Ko, Woojin Shim, Hyunjoo Jung
This article introduces how an interdisciplinary approach to modeling historical routes enriches route formation discourses. It combines the current least cost path-based modeling with a novel method developed by the authors, which employs hillslope position-based movement suitability as the primary cost factor to supplement slope gradient. Multiple routes can be modeled by using differently weighted combinations of the two cost factors, but for this study, three different routes were modeled for the case region, the Wonju Basin of the central Korean Peninsula, using archaeological site data roughly categorized into six time periods. By modeling the three different routes for each period, six time slices of movement were produced, and overlapping route sections were identified by superimposing the time slices. The results highlighted the multiplicity of routes, often overlooked when only the most optimal single route is modeled. Diachronic modeling also illustrated how route formation over time was influenced by self-enforcing processes, thereby illuminating path dependency. Guided by complex systems theory, this article provides insights into how the emergence of routes can be approached as both a physical and human spatial phenomenon.
{"title":"Multiplicity and Path Dependency in the Modeling of Historical Routes: A Case Study of the Wonju Basin in the Central Region of the Korean Peninsula","authors":"Ilhong Ko, Woojin Shim, Hyunjoo Jung","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2023.2242468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2242468","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces how an interdisciplinary approach to modeling historical routes enriches route formation discourses. It combines the current least cost path-based modeling with a novel method developed by the authors, which employs hillslope position-based movement suitability as the primary cost factor to supplement slope gradient. Multiple routes can be modeled by using differently weighted combinations of the two cost factors, but for this study, three different routes were modeled for the case region, the Wonju Basin of the central Korean Peninsula, using archaeological site data roughly categorized into six time periods. By modeling the three different routes for each period, six time slices of movement were produced, and overlapping route sections were identified by superimposing the time slices. The results highlighted the multiplicity of routes, often overlooked when only the most optimal single route is modeled. Diachronic modeling also illustrated how route formation over time was influenced by self-enforcing processes, thereby illuminating path dependency. Guided by complex systems theory, this article provides insights into how the emergence of routes can be approached as both a physical and human spatial phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":48098,"journal":{"name":"Professional Geographer","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2023.2194363
Ruoyu Wang, Tom Clemens, Margaret Douglas, Markéta Keller, Dan van der Horst
AbstractThis study aims to investigate the association between neighborhood-level factors and COVID-19 incidence in Scotland from a spatiotemporal perspective. The outcome variable is the COVID-19 incidence in Scotland. Based on the identification of the wave peaks for COVID-19 cases between 2020 and 2021, confirmed COVID-19 cases in Scotland can be divided into four phases. To model the COVID-19 incidence, sixteen neighborhood factors are chosen as the predictors. Geographical random forest models are used to examine spatiotemporal variation in major determinants of COVID-19 incidence. The spatial analysis indicates that proportion of religious people is the most strongly associated with COVID-19 incidence in southern Scotland, whereas particulate matter is the most strongly associated with COVID-19 incidence in northern Scotland. Also, crowded households, prepandemic emergency admission rates, and health and social workers are the most strongly associated with COVID-19 incidence in eastern and central Scotland, respectively. A possible explanation is that the association between predictors and COVID-19 incidence might be influenced by local context (e.g., people’s lifestyles), which is spatially variant across Scotland. The temporal analysis indicates that dominant factors associated with COVID-19 incidence also vary across different phases, suggesting that pandemic-related policy should take spatiotemporal variations into account.本研究旨在从时空角度研究苏格兰的社区因素与新冠肺炎发病率之间的关系。输出变量是苏格兰的新冠肺炎发病率。通过确定2020年至2021年期间的新冠肺炎病例峰值, 苏格兰新冠肺炎确诊病例可分为四个阶段。我们选择16个社区因素作为预测因子, 对新冠肺炎发病率进行建模。采用地理随机森林模型, 研究了新冠肺炎发病率主要决定因素的时空变化。空间分析表明, 在苏格兰南部, 宗教人士的比例与新冠肺炎发病率的关系最密切。在苏格兰北部, 颗粒物与新冠肺炎发病率的关系最紧密。此外, 在苏格兰东部和中部, 拥挤的家庭、流行病之前的紧急住院率、卫生和社会工作者分别与新冠肺炎发病率密切相关。一种可能的解释是, 预测因子和新冠肺炎发病率之间的关联可能受到当地环境(例如, 人们的生活方式)的影响, 而这种影响在苏格兰各地具有空间差异性。时间分析表明, 新冠肺炎发病率的主导因素在不同阶段有所不同, 这表明流行病政策应当考虑时空变化。Desde una perspectiva espaciotemporal, este estudio pretende investigar la asociación entre los factores a nivel de vecindario y la incidencia de COVID-19 en Escocia. La variable resultante es la incidencia del COVID-19 en Escocia. A partir de la identificación de los picos de oleada de casos de COVID-19, entre el 2020 y 2021, los casos confirmados de COVID-19 en Escocia pueden dividirse en cuatro fases. Para modelar la incidencia de COVID-19, dieciséis factores vecinales se escogieron como predictores. Se usaron modelos geográficos de bosque aleatorio para examinar la variación espaciotemporal de los principales determinantes de la incidencia del COVID-19. El análisis espacial indica que la proporción de gente religiosa es lo que más fuertemente se asocia con la incidencia de COVID-19 en el sur de Escocia, mientras que los materiales particulados son los más fuertemente asociados con la incidencia de COVID-19 en el norte de Escocia. Igualmente, el hacinamiento en los hogares, las tasas de ingreso a urgencias prepandémicas y los trabajadores de salubridad y sociales, son los factores que más fuertemente se asocian con la
【摘要】本研究旨在从时空视角探讨苏格兰地区社区因素与新冠肺炎发病的关系。结果变量是苏格兰的COVID-19发病率。根据对2020 - 2021年新冠肺炎病例高峰的确定，苏格兰新冠肺炎确诊病例可分为四个阶段。为了建立COVID-19发病率模型，选择了16个邻里因素作为预测因子。地理随机森林模型用于研究COVID-19发病率的主要决定因素的时空变化。空间分析表明，在苏格兰南部，宗教人士的比例与COVID-19发病率的关系最为密切，而在苏格兰北部，颗粒物与COVID-19发病率的关系最为密切。此外，拥挤的家庭、大流行前的紧急入院率以及卫生和社会工作者分别与苏格兰东部和中部的COVID-19发病率密切相关。一种可能的解释是，预测指标与COVID-19发病率之间的关联可能受到当地环境(例如人们的生活方式)的影响，而苏格兰各地的环境在空间上存在差异。时间分析表明，与COVID-19发病率相关的主导因素在不同阶段也存在差异，提示大流行相关政策应考虑时空变化。输出变量是苏格兰的新冠肺炎发病率。通过确定2020年至2021年期间的新冠肺炎病例峰值, 苏格兰新冠肺炎确诊病例可分为四个阶段。我们选择16个社区因素作为预测因子, 对新冠肺炎发病率进行建模。采用地理随机森林模型, 研究了新冠肺炎发病率主要决定因素的时空变化。空间分析表明, 在苏格兰南部, 宗教人士的比例与新冠肺炎发病率的关系最密切。在苏格兰北部, 颗粒物与新冠肺炎发病率的关系最紧密。此外, 在苏格兰东部和中部, 拥挤的家庭、流行病之前的紧急住院率、卫生和社会工作者分别与新冠肺炎发病率密切相关。一种可能的解释是, 预测因子和新冠肺炎发病率之间的关联可能受到当地环境(例如, 人们的生活方式)的影响, 而这种影响在苏格兰各地具有空间差异性。时间分析表明, 新冠肺炎发病率的主导因素在不同阶段有所不同, 这表明流行病政策应当考虑时空变化。Desde una perspectiva spatial - temporal, este estustudio假装调查了一个名为asociación的研究中心，研究了新冠肺炎在西班牙的发病率。可变结果为2019冠状病毒病在西班牙的发病率。2019冠状病毒病病例确诊病例(从2020年到2021年)与新冠病毒病确诊病例(从2020年到2021年)之间的关系。与2019冠状病毒病的发病率相比，决策障碍因素对疾病的预测具有重要意义。使用usaron modelos geográficos de bosque alatorio para examinar variación时空上关于COVID-19发病率决定原则的研究。El análisis特别索引为proporción de gente religiosa es de lo que más fuertemente se associia contra incidence on El sur de Escocia, mientras que los materiales speciados as los más fuertemente associente contra incidence on El norte de Escocia。Igualmente el hacinamiento洛hogares,拉斯维加斯tasas de ingreso urgencias prepandemicas洛trabajadores de salubridad y优势种,儿子危险因素,mas fuertemente se asocian con de COVID-19 en la incidencia las部分东方y de Escocia中部,respectivamente。1 .不可能的explicación段落不确定asociación可以通过COVID-19的发病率podría与当地情况下的流感(例如，la gente vida的los stilos)、空间变量不确定和Escocia的旅行变量确定预测结果。El análisis时间指标与COVID-19发病率相关因素的差异主要体现在tamencien和tamencien之间，varían与不同时期的tamenen和tamenen之间的关系主要体现在políticas与大流行的关系上，deberían与temencien和tamencien在时间空间上的差异有关。关键词:新冠肺炎地理随机森林模型邻域因子苏格兰时空格局Palabras劈开::COVID-19Escociafactores de vecindadmodelo geografico de博斯克aleatoriopatron espaciotemporal AcknowledgmentsWe欣然承认苏格兰拨款委员会的支持和DDI数据平台创新ProgrammeSupplemental MaterialSupplemental数据对本文可以访问在出版商的网站https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2194363.Additional informationNotes contributorsRuoyu WangRUOYU王研究员在公共卫生中心贝尔法斯特女王大学，贝尔法斯特，BT12 6BA，英国电子邮件:r.wang@qub.ac.uk。主要研究方向为健康地理学和公共卫生。汤姆·克莱门斯是一位健康地理学家，对社会和自然环境如何影响健康和幸福感兴趣。margaret DOUGLAS是苏格兰公共卫生顾问，格拉斯哥大学名誉临床高级讲师，格拉斯哥，G12 8QQ，英国。电子邮件:margaret.douglas@doctors.org.uk。她的研究兴趣包括所有政策中的卫生、卫生影响评估以及地方与卫生、经济政策与卫生之间的联系。
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