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The Crisis of Clinician Suicide Is Preventable: Organizations Must Take Proactive Steps to Foster Wellness 临床医生的自杀危机是可以预防的:医疗机构必须采取积极措施促进健康
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912710
Virna Little, Rick Brown
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引用次数: 0
List of Reviewers 2022-2023 2022-2023 年审查员名单
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912735
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引用次数: 0
Caring for Refugees with Mental Health Problems: Difficulties Encountered by Providers Requesting Exemptions from United States Citizenship Examinations 照顾有心理健康问题的难民:申请豁免美国公民资格考试的医疗服务提供者所遇到的困难
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912730
Kyle Baird, Mario Lintz, Daniella Schlander, Joel Yager, Daniel Savin
Abstract:Mental health providers caring for refugees should be aware that obtaining citizenship is critical to stability and safety for their patients. In the United States (U.S.), obtaining citizenship requires applicants to pass an examination exhibiting working knowledge of English and foundational knowledge of U.S. civics. For refugees with mental health disorders that impair cognition, this may present insurmountable barriers. The United States Customs and Immigration Services (USCIS) offers form N-648 to request exemption from these requirements. However, the form can be difficult to complete in a manner acceptable to USCIS. In this paper, the authors present preliminary data on citizenship-related mental health evaluations and subsequent applications for 40 patients seen in a university-based refugee mental health clinic. We simplify the process into three phases, and present three cases highlighting specific complexities involved. Our experiences and recommendations may help other mental health providers prepare to advocate for their refugee patients.
摘要:照顾难民的心理健康服务提供者应该意识到,获得公民身份对病人的稳定和安全至关重要。在美国,获得公民身份要求申请人通过考试,证明其具备英语工作知识和美国公民基础知识。对于患有精神疾病、认知能力受损的难民来说,这可能是难以逾越的障碍。美国海关和移民服务局(USCIS)提供 N-648 表格,用于申请豁免这些要求。然而,要以美国移民局可以接受的方式填写该表格可能比较困难。在本文中,作者提供了在一所大学的难民心理健康诊所就诊的 40 名患者的公民身份相关心理健康评估和后续申请的初步数据。我们将这一过程简化为三个阶段,并介绍了三个案例,突出了其中的具体复杂性。我们的经验和建议可以帮助其他心理健康服务提供者为难民患者的权益辩护做好准备。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Service Organizations in a Clinical-Community Collaboration COVID-19 大流行对临床-社区合作中社会服务组织的影响
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912721
Leigh Evans, Anna Garner, Katharine Witgert, Sean McClellan
Abstract:Increasingly, interventions are being developed to promote collaboration across health care and social service (such as food, housing, and transportation) sectors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for social services grew while social service organizations' capacity declined due to constraints on staffing, funding, and operations. We used an organizational survey fielded from July through November 2020 and publicly available, county-level data to assess the pandemic's impact on 253 social service organizations in the Accountable Health Communities Model evaluation. Over half of surveyed organizations reported being severely impacted by the pandemic, and 92% reported being at least moderately impacted. Social service organizations without federal funding and those in counties with lower poverty (smaller proportion of residents in poverty) and higher COVID-19 case rates were most impacted by the pandemic. Understanding the pandemic's burden on social service organizations can inform planning for future collaborations across health care and social service sectors.
摘要:目前正在制定越来越多的干预措施,以促进医疗保健和社会服务(如食品、住房和交通)部门之间的合作。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,社会服务需求增长,而社会服务组织的能力却因人员、资金和运营方面的限制而下降。我们利用 2020 年 7 月至 11 月的组织调查和公开的县级数据,评估了大流行对 "责任健康社区模式 "评估中 253 个社会服务组织的影响。超过一半的受访组织表示受到了大流行病的严重影响,92%的组织表示至少受到了中度影响。没有联邦资助的社会服务机构以及贫困率较低(贫困居民比例较小)、COVID-19 病例发生率较高的县的社会服务机构受大流行病的影响最大。了解大流行病对社会服务机构造成的负担可以为未来医疗保健和社会服务部门的合作规划提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
A Quasi-experimental Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cryotherapy on Chemotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis Prevention at the Uganda Cancer Institute 乌干达癌症研究所开展的一项准实验研究,评估冷冻疗法对化疗引起的口腔黏膜炎的预防效果
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912724
A. Kamulegeya, C. Rwenyonyi, Jackson Orem, D. Nakanjako
Abstract:Introduction. Low-cost interventions such as cryotherapy are not routinely practiced in sub-Saharan Africa to prevent chemotherapeutic-induced oral mucositis. We investigated the feasibility and effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Methods. This was a quasi-experimental nonequivalent research study design. We had two groups with each group meant to have 100 participants. We analyzed based on participants who underwent the protocol procedures. Results. Only cancer types were significantly different between the control and intervention groups (χ2=31.09, df =18, p=.030). Twenty percent (n=19) out of the 95, while 8.2% (n=7) out of the 85 in the control and intervention groups respectively developed moderate to severe mucositis (Mantel-Cox and Generalized Wilcoxon p= .026 and p=.031, respectively). Conclusion. The use of cryotherapy in our local setting and many sub-Saharan African countries is feasible and affordable to prevent and control chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
摘要:导言。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,低成本的干预措施(如冷冻疗法)并未被常规用于预防化疗引起的口腔黏膜炎。我们在乌干达癌症研究所调查了冷冻疗法治疗口腔黏膜炎的可行性和效果。方法。这是一项准实验性非等效研究设计。我们分为两组,每组 100 人。我们根据接受方案程序的参与者进行分析。结果只有癌症类型在对照组和干预组之间存在明显差异(χ2=31.09,df=18,p=.030)。对照组和干预组 95 人中分别有 20% (n=19)和 85 人中分别有 8.2% (n=7)出现中度至重度粘膜炎(Mantel-Cox 和广义 Wilcoxon p= .026 和 p=.031)。结论在我们当地和许多撒哈拉以南非洲国家,使用冷冻疗法预防和控制化疗引起的口腔黏膜炎是可行的,也是负担得起的。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing Legal Needs as Violence Prevention: A National Survey of Legal Services Offered through Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs 满足法律需求,预防暴力:通过医院暴力干预计划提供法律服务的全国调查
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912727
Kate M. Gallen, Carly Loughran, MJ Smith, Caitlin Schille, Kirsten Schuster, Mildred Reese, Jake Sonnenberg, Ji Seon Song, Elinore Kaufman, E. C. Hall
Abstract:Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) provide comprehensive services to survivors of community violence to address social determinants of health (SDOH) as risks factors for future violence. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) integrate lawyers into health care teams to address SDOH through the application of the law. Despite shared purposes, it is unknown if HVIP-MLPs exist. We sought to quantify the existing landscape of legal services provided by HVIPs, identify HVIP-MLPs, and characterize barriers to formation. Surveys and interviews were conducted in 2020 with 35 HVIPs of the Health Alliance for Violence Intervention (HAVI) concerning civil legal services. Most HVIPs screened for civil legal needs though none had an official MLP. Common civil legal needs included housing, mental health, and education. Barriers included no memorandum of understanding, legal confusion, funding, and overwhelming need. In 2021, no HVIP-MLP partnerships existed within HAVI. Establishing HVIP-MLPs may further support survivors of violence and address health inequity.
摘要:以医院为基础的暴力干预计划(HVIPs)为社区暴力幸存者提供综合服务,以解决作为未来暴力风险因素的健康社会决定因素(SDOH)。医疗-法律合作伙伴关系(MLPs)将律师纳入医疗团队,通过应用法律来解决 SDOH 问题。尽管目的相同,但 HVIP-MLP 是否存在尚不得而知。我们试图量化 HVIP 所提供法律服务的现有情况,识别 HVIP-MLPs 并描述其形成的障碍。2020 年,我们对暴力干预健康联盟 (HAVI) 的 35 家 HVIP 进行了有关民事法律服务的调查和访谈。大多数 HVIP 筛选出了民事法律需求,但没有一个有正式的 MLP。常见的民事法律需求包括住房、心理健康和教育。障碍包括没有谅解备忘录、法律混乱、资金不足以及需求过大。2021 年,HAVI 内部没有 HVIP-MLP 伙伴关系。建立 HVIP-MLP 可进一步支持暴力幸存者,解决健康不平等问题。
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引用次数: 0
Type 2 Diabetes in High-risk Youth: Improving Identification and Interventions in Community Health with a Decade of Quality Improvement Efforts 高危青少年中的 2 型糖尿病:通过十年的质量改进努力,提高社区卫生的识别和干预能力
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912723
Kathy A. Love-Osborne, Haley Ringwood, Jessica F. Wallace, J. Sheeder, S. Knierim
Abstract:Introduction. This manuscript describes quality improvement interventions with aims (1) to increase identification and follow-up testing of youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and (2) to improve outcomes for youth with prediabetes and low-range T2D (HbA1c 6.5–6.9%). Methods. Interventions included (a) dissemination of evidence-based guidelines and (b) creation of in-house weight management (WM) programs and programs to increase prediabetes follow-up testing and T2D self-management. Data from the electronic health record are presented. Results. Between 2009–2020, T2D screening for obese youth increased from 24% to 76%. Two WM programs served 2,726 unique youth for 11,110 billable visits. Youth with prediabetes seen in WM clinic had a lower risk of developing T2D if they attended three or more visits. Teaching self-monitoring blood glucose showed promise for improving HbA1c outcomes in youth with low-range T2D. Conclusions. Interventions have increased identification, access to preventive services, and treatment for youth with prediabetes and T2D.
摘要:导言。本手稿介绍了质量改进干预措施,旨在(1)增加对患有糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病(T2D)的青少年的识别和跟踪检测;(2)改善患有糖尿病前期和低范围 T2D(HbA1c 6.5-6.9%)的青少年的治疗效果。方法。干预措施包括:(a) 宣传循证指南;(b) 制定内部体重管理 (WM) 计划和方案,以增加糖尿病前期跟踪检测和 T2D 自我管理。本文介绍了电子健康记录中的数据。结果。2009-2020年间,肥胖青少年的T2D筛查率从24%上升到76%。两项 WM 计划共为 2726 名青少年提供了服务,计费就诊次数达 11110 次。在 WM 诊所就诊的糖尿病前期青少年如果就诊三次或三次以上,患 T2D 的风险较低。教授自我监测血糖的方法有望改善低水平 T2D 青少年的 HbA1c 结果。结论。干预措施增加了对糖尿病前期和 T2D 青少年的识别、预防服务和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Unmet Need for School-Based Substance Use Prevention Strategies Among Secondary Schools in Orlu, Imo State 伊莫州奥尔卢中学对校本药物使用预防策略的需求未得到满足
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912720
C. Aguocha, Irene Merenu
Abstract:Background. In Nigeria, the use of psychoactive substances has reached an epidemic proportion while substance use prevention remains inadequate or unavailable. Methods. Cross-sectional data from 300 Junior Secondary School students in Imo state were analyzed to evaluate the unmet need for school-based substance use prevention strategies among secondary school students in Orlu, Imo state. Information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Results. Substance use was common with easy access to psychoactive substances for young people. There was a perceived need for substance use prevention strategies in their school with most students lacking access to basic preventive strategies. Conclusion. Though there was a high need for preventive strategies for substance abuse among secondary school students in Orlu, few strategies were in place to meet the needs of the students.
摘要:背景。在尼日利亚,精神活性物质的使用已经达到了流行病的程度,而物质使用的预防措施却仍然不足或缺乏。研究方法对伊莫州 300 名初中生的横断面数据进行了分析,以评估伊莫州奥尔卢的中学生对校本药物使用预防策略的未满足需求。采用结构化问卷收集信息。结果显示由于青少年很容易获得精神活性物质,因此使用药物的现象很普遍。大多数学生无法获得基本的预防策略,因此他们认为学校需要药物使用预防策略。结论。尽管奥尔卢的中学生非常需要药物滥用预防策略,但能满足学生需求的策略却很少。
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引用次数: 0
Tattoo Removal in People of Color Who Were Formerly Incarcerated or Were Gang Members: Complications and Best Practices 曾被监禁或曾是帮派成员的有色人种的纹身去除:并发症和最佳做法
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912726
Jo Marie Reilly, Philip Spektor, Miguel De La Torre, Sneha Paranandi, Jessica Bogner
Abstract:There are limited data about the tattoo removal process in formerly gang-involved and incarcerated people of color. This single center retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at Homeboy Industries' Ya'Stuvo Tattoo Removal Clinic between January 2016–December 2018. It reviewed data on 2,118 tattoos, and a representative sample of 502 patients was used to conduct our analysis. Treatment on 118 of the tattoos (5.57%) resulted in at least one complication (hypo-or hyper-pigmentation, keloids, or scarring). Patients who experienced tattoo removal complications (7.3%) were less likely to return to complete the removal process. More complications were experienced with higher fluences of energy, on tattoos placed by professional artists, on colored tattoos, and tattoos on clients who had a greater number of treatments. The study highlights complications and best practices in tattoo removal in people of color, a process critical to the reintegration and gang disengagement of this vulnerable population.
摘要:有关曾参与帮派活动和被监禁的有色人种纹身去除过程的数据很有限。这项单中心回顾性研究针对2016年1月至2018年12月期间在Homeboy Industries的Ya'Stuvo纹身去除诊所接受治疗的患者。研究回顾了 2,118 个纹身的数据,并对 502 名患者的代表性样本进行了分析。对 118 个纹身(5.57%)的治疗导致了至少一种并发症(色素沉着不足或色素沉着过度、瘢痕疙瘩或瘢痕)。出现洗纹身并发症(7.3%)的患者不太可能再次完成洗纹身过程。能量较高的纹身、由专业艺术家刺上的纹身、彩色纹身以及治疗次数较多的客户身上的纹身出现的并发症较多。这项研究强调了有色人种纹身去除过程中的并发症和最佳做法,这一过程对这一弱势群体重新融入社会和脱离帮派至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Smoking, Stress, and Health Risk Behaviors During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Lockdowns Among Residents of Flint, Michigan 密歇根州弗林特市居民在 COVID-19 封锁初期的吸烟、压力和健康风险行为
IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a912725
Woojong Kim, Seung Hee Choi
Abstract:Food insecurity and smoking commonly co-occur in underserved populations, exacerbating health disparities. This study assesses smoking and its associations with mental health and health risk behaviors among residents of Flint, Michigan in the early phase of COVID lockdowns. The survey captured smoking status, mental health indicators, and health risk behaviors among 106 who had financial needs and limited mobility and received community nutritional services. Comparisons by demographics showed that those who lived alone, used marijuana, and had frequent alcohol drinking tended to smoke more than their counterparts. Results from logistic regression showed that those with high levels of stress, marijuana use, and alcohol consumption were more likely to smoke. Living alone was associated with smoking and health risk behaviors. This research suggests the need for smoking prevention and community health practices addressing stress, health risk behaviors, and circumstances that might drive the association with living alone such as loneliness.
摘要:在服务不足的人群中,粮食不安全和吸烟通常同时存在,从而加剧了健康差异。本研究对密歇根州弗林特市处于 COVID 封锁早期阶段的居民的吸烟情况及其与心理健康和健康风险行为的关系进行了评估。调查收集了 106 名有经济需求、行动不便并接受社区营养服务的居民的吸烟状况、心理健康指标和健康风险行为。按人口统计学进行的比较显示,独居、吸食大麻和经常饮酒的人往往比同龄人吸烟更多。逻辑回归结果显示,压力大、吸食大麻和饮酒的人更有可能吸烟。独居与吸烟和健康风险行为有关。这项研究表明,有必要针对压力、健康风险行为以及可能与独居有关的环境(如孤独)开展预防吸烟和社区健康实践。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
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