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Testing ecosystem accounting in northern China – a case study of SEEA EA in Liaoning Province 中国北方生态系统核算的检验——以辽宁省SEEA EA为例
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2269473
Jiayang Ji, Tianshu Zhu, Changgeng Jia, Yu Fan, Youtao Song
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引用次数: 0
The Trinity of Voice: a framework to improve trust and ground decision making in participatory processes 声音的三位一体:在参与性进程中提高信任和决策基础的框架
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2238126
Susan L. Senecah
AbstractCollaborative processes are increasingly required, familiar, and expected but desire and enthusiasm do not produce competency or confidence, leading to frustration, hesitancy, distrust on all sides, and continued calls for “voice.” Initially introduced to the environmental communication community in 2004, Senecah’s Trinity of Voice is a practical framework based on small group dynamics scaled to community level. Its environmental communication dimensions of Access, Civic Standing, and Influence optimize the potential for trust-rich relationships that are key for effective collaborative processes but are difficult to build and sustain, especially in situations that are complex and/or pulsing with contentiousness. At the 20-year mark, this article revisits the TOV against the contemporary literature on trust; reviews critiques and diverse applications of it; and assesses whether it still offers practical value for designing, diagnosing, and improving collaborative processes to address environmental planning and management situations.Keywords: Environmental communicationcollaborationtrustprocess AcknowledgementsTo the anonymous reviewers of the draft manuscript who provided insightful and helpful suggestions for improvement.Disclosure statementThe author declares no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
摘要协作过程越来越需要、熟悉和期望,但是欲望和热情并不能产生能力或信心,导致各方的挫折、犹豫、不信任,以及对“声音”的持续呼唤。Senecah的“声音三位一体”(Trinity of Voice)于2004年首次引入环境传播界,是一个基于小规模群体动态的实用框架,可扩展到社区层面。它的环境传播维度——获取、公民地位和影响力——优化了建立信任丰富关系的潜力,这种关系是有效协作过程的关键,但难以建立和维持,特别是在复杂和/或充满争议的情况下。在20周年之际,本文重新审视TOV对当代文学的信任;回顾了对它的批评和各种应用;并评估它是否仍然为设计、诊断和改进协作过程提供实用价值,以解决环境规划和管理情况。关键词:环境传播;协作;信任过程感谢原稿的匿名审稿人,他们为我们的改进提供了有见地和有益的建议。披露声明作者声明在本文的研究、作者身份和/或发表方面没有潜在的利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of dam removal on county level earnings 撤坝对县域收入的影响
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2268825
Carlos Silva, Christopher Erickson
AbstractIn recent years, the dam removal movement, driven by concerns about dam safety, populations of native aquatic species, and the conservation of overall habitats, has gone mainstream. Although many studies focus on the ecological benefits of the removal of a particular dam, research on economic changes at the county level are limited. Most studies concerned with this topic examine a single location and fail to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the overall impact of dam removal on the broader economy. We address this gap in the literature using a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the effect of dam removal on earnings in the Leisure and Hospitality Supersector (NAICS 71 and NAICS 72). Results show little effect on earnings at the county level. This means that policymakers, when evaluating dam removal, should focus on other economic, environmental, and aesthetic factors that are specific to a particular dam site.Keywords: dam removalhospitalityleisuretourismexternalitieseconomic impact AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers who provided valuable suggestions and comments that were helpful in improving an earlier version of this manuscript. Any remaining errors are our own.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
摘要近年来,出于对大坝安全、本土水生物种数量和整体栖息地保护的担忧,拆除大坝运动已成为主流。虽然许多研究集中在拆除特定水坝的生态效益上,但对县级经济变化的研究却很有限。大多数有关这一主题的研究只考察了一个地点,未能对大坝拆除对更广泛经济的总体影响进行全面评估。我们在文献中使用差异中的差异方法来解决这一差距,以估计大坝拆除对休闲和酒店超级行业收入的影响(NAICS 71和NAICS 72)。结果显示,在县一级,对收入的影响很小。这意味着决策者在评估大坝拆除时,应该关注特定坝址的其他经济、环境和美学因素。关键词:撤坝酒店休闲旅游外部性经济影响致谢作者要感谢匿名审稿人,他们提供了宝贵的建议和意见,有助于改进这篇手稿的早期版本。任何剩下的错误都是我们自己的。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Fireworks celebrations and air pollution: evidence from Chinese Lunar New Year 烟花庆典和空气污染:来自中国农历新年的证据
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2268268
Yongtao Li, Rui Li, Shulin Wang, Wei Wei
AbstractFireworks are an integral part of celebrations in many cultures. However, their environmental consequences have raised concerns. Despite many studies addressing the issue, there is still a lack of strong causal inference. This study investigates the impact of firework displays during the Spring Festival holiday on air pollution levels, using data from 335 Chinese cities from 2015 to 2017. A regression discontinuity design is employed to isolate this causal effect. Results indicate that fireworks substantially deteriorate air quality. Specifically, fireworks increase the Air Quality Index by 57%, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by 89%, inhalable particulate matter (PM10) by 44%, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) by 69%. These impacts remain robust across varying model specifications. Policy interventions such as firework bans have been demonstrated to successfully reduce pollution from this source. However, when formulating environmental policies, policymakers ought to consider cultural factors and strive for balance between environmental protection and preserving cultural traditions.Keywords: air pollutionfireworksSpring Festivalregression discontinuityfireworks bans Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The Spring Festival is the beginning of a new year according to the Chinese lunar calendar, and its exact date on the western calendar actually varies from year to year.2 http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-02/13/c_1122415525.htmAdditional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Education Department of Liaoning Province [grant number LJKR0047].
摘要在许多文化中,烟花是庆祝活动中不可或缺的一部分。然而,它们的环境后果引起了人们的关注。尽管许多研究解决了这个问题,但仍然缺乏强有力的因果推理。本研究利用2015年至2017年中国335个城市的数据,调查了春节假期燃放烟花对空气污染水平的影响。采用回归不连续设计来隔离这种因果效应。结果表明,烟花爆竹严重恶化了空气质量。具体来说,烟花爆竹使空气质量指数增加57%,细颗粒物(PM2.5)增加89%,可吸入颗粒物(PM10)增加44%,二氧化硫(SO2)增加69%。这些影响在不同的模型规范中仍然是健壮的。禁止燃放烟花等政策干预已被证明可以成功地减少这一来源的污染。然而,在制定环境政策时,决策者应该考虑文化因素,努力在保护环境和保留文化传统之间取得平衡。关键词:空气污染烟花春节回归不连续烟花禁令披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突注1春节是中国农历新年的开始,在西历上它的确切日期每年都不一样。2 http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-02/13/c_1122415525.htmAdditional information本研究得到辽宁省教育厅资助[批准号LJKR0047]。
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引用次数: 0
Smallholder farmers’ climate change cognition, adaptation practices and perceived adaptation efficacy in the Yangtze River Basin, China 长江流域小农气候变化认知、适应实践与感知适应效能
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2269474
Rui He, Jianjun Jin, Xin Qiu, Chenyang Zhang, Guochuan Peng
AbstractClimate change adaptation is a dynamic process that involves prior cognition, actual action, and subsequent perceived efficacy. However, few studies have focused on whether measures influence perceived adaptation efficacy or even provided comprehensive conceptualizations of the links among cognition, behaviors, and efficacy. This study developed an integrated conceptual framework and employed econometric models to determine their influencing relationships using household survey data from the Yangtze River Basin of China. Our findings reveal that farmers perceive that they maintain negative risk and adaptation cognition, although they have high perceived adaptation efficacy. Most importantly, climate change cognition has significant impacts on six kinds of adaptation practices. Perceived adaptation efficacies are only positively influenced by agro-technical management, agro-environmental improvement, financial support, and external help. Crop adjustment lowers land adaptation efficacy, and livelihood transformation reduces the efficacy of family, crop, and land. Corresponding policy recommendations are made to help improve targeted and dynamic adaptation capacity. Our ideas and findings may be complementary to existing research and easily repeatable for future investigations about climate change adaptation worldwide.Keywords: Climate change cognitionadaptation practicesperceived adaptation efficacyadaptation capacityYangtze River Basin AcknowledgementsWe appreciate all the participants for their cooperation. We are grateful to the editor and anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions, which have led to significant improvement of the early versions of the manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 42271203) and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (Grant number 2019QZKK0608).
摘要气候变化适应是一个动态的过程,包括前期认知、实际行动和后续感知效果。然而,很少有研究关注措施是否影响感知适应效能,甚至对认知、行为和效能之间的联系提供全面的概念化。本研究利用长江流域入户调查数据,构建了一个完整的概念框架,并运用计量经济模型来确定二者的影响关系。研究结果表明,尽管农民具有较高的感知适应效能,但他们仍然保持着负风险和适应认知。最重要的是,气候变化认知对六种适应实践具有显著影响。感知适应效应仅受到农业技术管理、农业环境改善、财政支持和外部帮助的积极影响。作物调整降低了土地适应效率,生计转型降低了家庭、作物和土地的适应效率。提出了相应的政策建议,以帮助提高有针对性的动态适应能力。我们的想法和发现可能是对现有研究的补充,并且很容易在未来对全球气候变化适应的调查中重复。关键词:气候变化认知适应实践感知适应效能适应能力长江流域感谢各方的合作。我们非常感谢编辑和匿名审稿人提出的有见地的意见和建议,这些意见和建议使早期版本的手稿有了很大的改进。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。数据可用性声明支持本研究结果的数据可根据通讯作者的要求提供。基金资助:国家自然科学基金(批准号42271203)和青藏高原第二次科学考察与研究计划(批准号2019QZKK0608)。
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引用次数: 0
Farmers’ preference for organic rice contract farming scheme: a discrete choice experiment in Indonesia 农民对有机大米合同种植计划的偏好:印度尼西亚的离散选择实验
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2269308
Hery Toiba, Arif Yustian Maulana Noor, Moh Shadiqur Rahman, Fitria Dina Riana
AbstractContract farming schemes (CFSs) are essential for providing solutions for farmers due to their guaranteed prices, markets, and availability of inputs. However, numerous farmers quit and leave the contract because the schemes offered are less likely to consider the farmers’ preferences. The formulation of a contract scheme based on farmers’ preferences could provide the potential for better sustainability of cooperation, yet the information regarding food commodities in Indonesia is limited. This study aimed to analyze farmers’ preferences for organic rice CFS. In this study, while the findings of the analysis of CFS-adopters are expected to provide management implications for keeping them in the contract, the preferences of non-adopters are anticipated to provide information regarding the key characteristics of contracts for enticing new farmers. This study included 277 farmers and used the discrete choice experiment (DCE) with the following attributes: payment schedule, input loan, technical assistance, and expected price. The results of the study revealed that CFS-adopters attach great importance to the price attribute, while non-adopters were more concerned with the input loan attribute from the company. Estimation of random parameter logit (RPL) main effect with interaction indicated that there were various relationships between farmer characteristics and the level of attributes. This research is expected to provide managerial implications for companies in preparing organic rice CFS offered to farmers in Indonesia and to provide policy recommendations related to sustainable agriculture.Keywords: contract farming schemeorganic ricepaddy farmer preferencediscrete choice experiment Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from Hery Toiba upon request.Notes1 The slash-selling system refers to a buying and selling transaction between farmers and collectors or intermediaries when the rice enters the age of 1–2 weeks before harvest, in which the quantity and price are determined through simple estimations (generally dominated by collectors), while farmers receive payment directly (before harvest).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Universitas Brawijaya.
摘要合同农业计划(CFSs)由于其有保证的价格、市场和投入的可用性,为农民提供解决方案至关重要。然而,许多农民退出了合同,因为提供的方案不太可能考虑农民的偏好。根据农民的喜好制订合同计划可能会为更好地维持合作提供潜力,但印度尼西亚关于粮食商品的资料有限。本研究旨在分析农民对有机水稻的偏好。在本研究中,预计对农资采用者的分析结果将为使他们留在合同中提供管理意义,而预计非采用者的偏好将提供有关合同的关键特征的信息,以吸引新的农民。本研究以277名农户为研究对象,采用离散选择实验(DCE)方法,分别考察农户的支付进度、投入贷款、技术援助和预期价格。研究结果表明,cfs采用者更重视价格属性,而非采用者更关注公司的投入贷款属性。随机参数logit (RPL)主效应与交互作用的估计表明,农民特征与属性水平之间存在多种关系。预计这项研究将为公司准备提供给印度尼西亚农民的有机大米安全中心提供管理意义,并提供与可持续农业有关的政策建议。关键词:合同种植方案有机水稻农户偏好离散选择实验披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。数据可用性声明支持本研究结果的数据可应要求从Hery Toiba获得。注1削价出售制度是指稻谷进入收割前1-2周龄时,农民与收集者或中介机构之间进行的买卖交易,数量和价格通过简单估算(一般由收集者主导)确定,而农民直接(在收割前)收到货款。本研究得到了布拉维贾亚大学的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Storytelling to save the planet: who gets to say what is sustainable, who tells the stories, and who should listen and change? 讲故事拯救地球:谁来说什么是可持续的,谁来讲故事,谁应该倾听和改变?
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2258276
Sofie Joosse, Martin Westin, Fanny Möckel, Holly Keasey, Sönke Lorenzen
In the last decade, storytelling has been popularised as a method for societal sustainability transformations. With this growing popularity, there has also been a rapid increase in those identifying as storytellers. Perhaps because storytelling for sustainability has an innocent ring to it, it has not yet been studied from a power perspective. However, as it is fast-spreading and has explicit change purposes, it is important to clarify assumptions about knowledge, power and change. This article offers a first step towards understanding and evaluating the wide variety of applications behind the label of storytelling for sustainability. We perform a frame analysis of how storytellers describe their storytelling for sustainability. Our findings demonstrate that the label of storytelling for sustainability encompasses fundamentally different ideas about whose knowledge counts. The article raises critical questions that can help assess the legitimacy and appropriateness of different applications of storytelling for sustainability.
在过去的十年里,讲故事作为一种社会可持续性转变的方法得到了普及。随着越来越多的人喜欢讲故事,那些自认是故事讲述者的人也在迅速增加。也许是因为讲可持续发展的故事听起来很天真,它还没有从权力的角度进行研究。然而,由于它是快速传播的,并且具有明确的变革目的,因此澄清关于知识、权力和变革的假设是很重要的。本文为理解和评估“讲故事促进可持续发展”标签背后的各种应用提供了第一步。我们对讲故事的人如何描述他们讲故事的可持续性进行了框架分析。我们的研究结果表明,可持续发展的故事标签包含了关于谁的知识重要的根本不同的想法。这篇文章提出了一些关键性的问题,这些问题可以帮助评估讲故事促进可持续发展的不同应用的合法性和适当性。
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引用次数: 0
The quest for “nature” in selfies: how platforms shape nature/society relationships 自拍中对“自然”的追求:平台如何塑造自然/社会关系
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2265548
Malte Rödl, Jutta Haider, Sofie Joosse
Social media and other platforms have become an essential part of outdoor activities as they influence how nature is experienced and engaged with, but also what good nature is seen as. In this article, we explore how social understandings of nature and digital technologies are mutually performed. Using the empirical case of nature selfies—an archetype of imagery on social media platforms—posted on Instagram, Facebook, and Tripadvisor, and a small participatory “breaching experiment” aimed at collecting “ugly nature selfies,” we analyse and interrogate nature/society relationships displayed online within the platform contexts of attention economy and affordances. We conclude that nature selfies reinforce the desirability of consuming “beautiful” nature, while attention economy and platform affordances limit the possibilities for alternative nature/society relationships to be developed and promoted.
社交媒体和其他平台已经成为户外活动的重要组成部分,因为它们影响着人们如何体验和参与自然,也影响着人们如何看待美好的自然。在本文中,我们探讨了社会对自然和数字技术的理解是如何相互执行的。通过在Instagram、Facebook和Tripadvisor上发布的自然自拍(社交媒体平台上的图像原型)的经验案例,以及一个旨在收集“丑陋自然自拍”的小型参与性“突破实验”,我们分析和询问了在注意力经济和能力的平台背景下在线显示的自然/社会关系。我们的结论是,自然自拍增强了消费“美丽”自然的欲望,而注意力经济和平台负担限制了发展和促进替代自然/社会关系的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
How do environmental regulations and financial support for agriculture affect agricultural green development? The mediating role of agricultural infrastructure 环境法规和财政对农业的支持如何影响农业绿色发展?农业基础设施的中介作用
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2263637
Ling-Yan Xu, Jing Jiang, Jian-Guo Du
AbstractEnvironmental regulations and financial support for agriculture have been respectively proved as important means to break through the dilemma of agricultural green development in China. While their interactive influences on agricultural green development are rarely focused, as well as the mediation mechanism. This paper provides an interactive perspective by exploring the direct and indirect mechanisms affecting the relationship between environmental regulations, financial support for agriculture, and agricultural green development, among which the mediating effects of agricultural infrastructure, are further discussed. Based on the provincial panel data for China from the year 2000 to 2021, this paper constructs a fixed effect model, mediating effects model, and threshold panel model to empirically test the direct and indirect effects of environmental regulations and financial support for agriculture on agricultural green development. The results show that: (1) The full sample of agricultural green development in China shows an M-shaped trend, environmental regulations and financial support for agriculture show spatial and temporal heterogeneity among regions. (2) Environmental regulations, financial support for agriculture, and their interaction all have positive effects on agricultural green development, while their interactive effect is greater. (3) Agricultural power facilities not only significantly mediate the relationship between financial support for agriculture and agricultural green development, but also play a mediating role in the positive effect of the interaction between environmental regulations and financial support on agricultural green development. While rural transportation facilities only significantly mediate the positive effect of the interaction between environmental regulations and financial support for agriculture on agricultural green development. (4) Heterogeneity analysis results show that the effect of the interaction between environmental regulations and financial support for agriculture on agricultural green development is greatest in agricultural optimized developing areas; however moderate developing areas are insignificant. This research contributes to understanding how environmental regulations and financial support for agriculture affect agricultural green development and extends the mediating role of agricultural infrastructure in their relationships.Keywords: environmental regulationsfinancial support for agricultureagricultural green developmentagricultural infrastructure Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research received financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 72174076, 72174054, and 71974081); National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 22AGL028), Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos. 21GLB016 and 22GLA007); Special Research Project of School of Emergency Manage
环境规制和金融支持农业分别被证明是突破中国农业绿色发展困境的重要手段。而二者对农业绿色发展的交互影响及中介机制研究较少。本文从互动视角探讨了环境规制、农业金融支持与农业绿色发展之间关系的直接和间接影响机制,并进一步探讨了农业基础设施的中介作用。本文基于2000 - 2021年中国省级面板数据,构建固定效应模型、中介效应模型和门槛面板模型,实证检验环境规制和财政支农对农业绿色发展的直接和间接影响。结果表明:(1)中国农业绿色发展全样本呈m型趋势,环境规制和农业金融支持在区域间呈现时空异质性;(2)环境规制、金融支农及其交互作用对农业绿色发展均有正向影响,且交互作用更大。(3)农电设施不仅显著中介农业金融支持与农业绿色发展之间的关系,而且在环境规制与金融支持之间的互动对农业绿色发展的正向效应中起中介作用。而农村交通设施仅显著中介环境规制与财政支农相互作用对农业绿色发展的正向影响。(4)异质性分析结果表明,环境规制与金融支持对农业绿色发展的交互作用在农业优化发展区最为显著;而中等发展地区则不显著。本研究有助于理解环境法规和农业金融支持对农业绿色发展的影响,并拓展了农业基础设施在二者关系中的中介作用。关键词:环境法规农业金融支持农业绿色发展农业基础设施披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突本研究得到国家自然科学基金项目(72174076、72174054、71974081)资助;国家社科基金项目(No. 22AGL028)、江苏省社科基金项目(No. 21GLB016、22GLA007);江苏大学应急管理学院科研专项(key - a -04和key - c -05),江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX23_3792)。
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引用次数: 0
The support of Multilateral Development Banks to renewable energy projects in developing countries 多边开发银行对发展中国家可再生能源项目的支持
4区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2263904
Maria Basílio
AbstractMultilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are extensively involved in the Paris Climate Agreement and play a key role in climate finance. However, the amounts recently channeled to carbon-based projects may raise doubts about this involvement. This empirical approach seeks to explore whether MDB participation actually favors renewable energy projects in developing countries, aligning with their commitment to this Agreement. An empirical analysis is conducted to explore the determinants of MDBs’ participation in energy infrastructure projects developed in 64 countries using data from 2011 to 2018 obtained from the World Bank’s Private Participation in Infrastructure Database. The results reveal that MDBs’ participation is higher in renewable energy projects, confirming their commitment to clean energy; however, this is not confirmed by the amount of financial support provided.Keywords: climate financelimited dependent variable modelsMultilateral Development Banksrenewable energy projectsJEL classification codes: H54Q54F35 Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Supplemental dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2023.2263904.Notes1 MDBs are international financial institutions that assist developing countries in reducing poverty, fostering economic growth, and tackling global challenges. MDBs operate as cooperative entities owned and funded by member countries. Their development finance activities include concessional and non-concessional loans, leveraging capital, risk mitigation, co-financing, technical assistance and policy advise.2 The MDBs included in this analysis are the World Bank Group, the European Investment Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Islamic Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Bank and the new MDBs established in 2015: the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (initiated by China) and the New Development Bank (BRICS bank).3 We follow the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and classify hydropower as a renewable source. The largest sources of GHG emissions for hydropower are the construction of the facilities, and biomass decomposition from reservoir flooding (Steinhurst, Knight, and Schultz Citation2012) but large hydropower plants produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions when compared with fossil fuel-based plants.4 In the PPI database, government support may be Direct support - capital subsidy, revenue subsidy or in-kind (lands, for instance); Or Indirect support, in the form of guarantees (e.g., payment guarantee, debt guarantee, revenue guarantee, exchange-rate guarantee).5 Because only the percentage of private participation in each project is available on the database, it is not possible to use the financial amounts provided by the private sector.6 Variables such as “control of corruption” and “government effective
摘要多边开发银行广泛参与《巴黎气候协定》,在气候融资中发挥着关键作用。然而,最近流入碳基项目的资金可能会引发对这种参与的质疑。这种实证方法旨在探讨多边开发银行的参与是否实际上有利于发展中国家的可再生能源项目,并与它们对本协定的承诺相一致。本文利用世界银行私人参与基础设施数据库2011年至2018年的数据,对64个国家的多边开发银行参与能源基础设施项目的决定因素进行了实证分析。结果表明,多边开发银行对可再生能源项目的参与度较高,证实了其对清洁能源的承诺;但是,所提供的财政支助数额并不能证实这一点。关键词:气候融资限制变量模型多边开发银行可再生能源项目jel分类代码:H54Q54F35披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。补充数据本文的补充数据可通过https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2023.2263904.Notes1在线获取多边开发银行是帮助发展中国家减少贫困、促进经济增长和应对全球挑战的国际金融机构。多边开发银行作为成员国拥有和资助的合作实体运作。它们的发展融资活动包括优惠和非优惠贷款、撬动资本、降低风险、联合融资、技术援助和政策咨询这一分析包括世界银行集团、欧洲投资银行、亚洲开发银行、欧洲复兴开发银行、伊斯兰开发银行、美洲开发银行、非洲开发银行以及2015年新成立的多边开发银行:亚洲基础设施投资银行(由中国发起)和新开发银行(金砖国家银行)我们遵循国际可再生能源机构(IRENA),将水电列为可再生能源。水电温室气体排放的最大来源是设施的建设和水库洪水产生的生物质分解(Steinhurst, Knight, and Schultz citation, 2012),但与基于化石燃料的发电厂相比,大型水电站产生的温室气体排放量更少在生产者价格指数数据库中,政府支持可以是直接支持——资本补贴、收入补贴或实物(例如土地);或间接支持,以担保的形式(如付款担保、债务担保、收入担保、汇率担保)由于数据库只提供私人参与每个项目的百分比,因此不可能使用私人部门提供的财政数额WGI数据集中的“腐败控制”和“政府效率”等变量也进行了测试,但由于共线性问题,这些变量被从分析中删除表2与表A.4或表A.5(联机补充材料)之间项目数量的差异是由于在多边开发银行的支持下在数据库中分类的项目,但没有关于财务金额的信息(无法获得)VIF是一个指标,表明有多少标准误差的膨胀可能是由共线性引起的。根据经验,超过10的值应该引起关注,必须加以纠正对于年度数据,滞后的数量通常很小,以便不失去自由度(Wooldridge Citation2013)另一种可能性是使用Tobit模型,该模型只需要一步就可以估算多边开发银行提供的资金支持,并直接考虑其审查性质。然而,由于它依赖于对误差项的正态性和均方差的强假设,因此本文使用的更一般的模型通常会提供更好的结果为了丰富分析,对“可再生”虚拟变量与其他宏观经济、金融和体制控制之间的几个相互作用项进行了测试,但没有取得统计显著性(结果未提出)多边开发银行参与能源项目,除提供资金外,还可包括几种不同的可能性:业务援助、技术和专业咨询、政治援助、风险缓解工具(例如,担保和政治风险保险)。作者声明在撰写本文期间没有收到任何资金、资助或其他支持。
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Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
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