Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1177/01979183251393999
Eleni Sideri
{"title":"Book Review: Did You Say “Migrant”? MistiaenV. 2025. Did You Say “Migrant”? Media Representations of People on the Move. Éditions del’Université de Bruxelles. 300 pp. €31.00","authors":"Eleni Sideri","doi":"10.1177/01979183251393999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251393999","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145509273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1177/01979183251390570
Earvin Charles B. Cabalquinto
Digitalization is often equated with generative social connections, inclusive civic participation and socio-economic progress in an increasingly global society. Yet, despite the widespread use of fast-evolving digital communication technologies, certain groups remain digitally vulnerable. This paper examines the ways older Filipino Australians in Victoria, Australia and their distant networks across Victoria, Australia and the Philippines use mobile devices and online channels to forge and maintain everyday connections. Deploying the socio-digital inequality lens to analyse the data based on a qualitative ethnographic study using interviews and visual methods, the paper exposes the situated and relational casualties in digital environments often deeply shaped by deep-seated, limited and asymmetrical social welfare and infrastructural support as well as the accelerated utility of online platforms for exploitative profiteering. In such contexts, older Filipino Australians and their distant networks bear the brunt of navigating mediated failures and tensions to sustain personal and familial relationships. Ultimately, by centering the ramifications of an uneven and unstable digital terrain, the paper subverts the celebratory promise of everyday and transnational connectivity in a digital-by-default landscape.
{"title":"Changing Tech, Same Struggles: The Hidden Burdens of Connectivity Among Older Filipino Australians and Their Social Networks","authors":"Earvin Charles B. Cabalquinto","doi":"10.1177/01979183251390570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251390570","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization is often equated with generative social connections, inclusive civic participation and socio-economic progress in an increasingly global society. Yet, despite the widespread use of fast-evolving digital communication technologies, certain groups remain digitally vulnerable. This paper examines the ways older Filipino Australians in Victoria, Australia and their distant networks across Victoria, Australia and the Philippines use mobile devices and online channels to forge and maintain everyday connections. Deploying the socio-digital inequality lens to analyse the data based on a qualitative ethnographic study using interviews and visual methods, the paper exposes the situated and relational casualties in digital environments often deeply shaped by deep-seated, limited and asymmetrical social welfare and infrastructural support as well as the accelerated utility of online platforms for exploitative profiteering. In such contexts, older Filipino Australians and their distant networks bear the brunt of navigating mediated failures and tensions to sustain personal and familial relationships. Ultimately, by centering the ramifications of an uneven and unstable digital terrain, the paper subverts the celebratory promise of everyday and transnational connectivity in a digital-by-default landscape.","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1177/01979183251390568
Margherita Odasso
Between 2010 and 2015, more than one million Mexican migrants returned to Mexico from the United States. US return migrants are disadvantaged in terms of health compared to stayers in the destination country and compared to nonmigrants. However, research has rarely considered whether this also holds for internal return migrants. In addition, we know little about heterogeneity in the health of return migrants, particularly whether health differs depending on whether individuals migrated with family members or not. Using representative panel data for the Mexican population from the Mexican Family Life Survey, this article makes several contributions. First, a mental health penalty is found for both US return migrants and internal return migrants compared to nonmigrants in Mexico. Second, I find health disadvantages for return migrants who migrated alone or alone with a child. Conversely, migration with a partner is not significantly related to mental health. A strength of the analytical approach is that longitudinal data, and more specifically individual fixed-effects models and coarsened exact matching, are used to account for important parts of selection into migration. Overall, this article shows that who individuals migrate with is strongly related to mental health after migrants return home.
{"title":"Migrating Alone or With Family? Mental Health Among Internal and US Return Migrants in Mexico","authors":"Margherita Odasso","doi":"10.1177/01979183251390568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251390568","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2010 and 2015, more than one million Mexican migrants returned to Mexico from the United States. US return migrants are disadvantaged in terms of health compared to stayers in the destination country and compared to nonmigrants. However, research has rarely considered whether this also holds for internal return migrants. In addition, we know little about heterogeneity in the health of return migrants, particularly whether health differs depending on whether individuals migrated with family members or not. Using representative panel data for the Mexican population from the Mexican Family Life Survey, this article makes several contributions. First, a mental health penalty is found for both US return migrants and internal return migrants compared to nonmigrants in Mexico. Second, I find health disadvantages for return migrants who migrated alone or alone with a child. Conversely, migration with a partner is not significantly related to mental health. A strength of the analytical approach is that longitudinal data, and more specifically individual fixed-effects models and coarsened exact matching, are used to account for important parts of selection into migration. Overall, this article shows that who individuals migrate with is strongly related to mental health after migrants return home.","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1177/01979183251394002
Federico Alagna
Legal mobilisation, including its use within the pro-migrant movement, has been addressed by scholars from different disciplines. However, its deployment in the socio-spatial dimension of borderlands has received limited attention, despite the increasing use of legal strategies in the real world and the specificity of borderlands as unique sites of contention. This research note contributes to filling this gap through empirical research, prompting a dialogue between socio-legal, contentious politics, migration and border studies. In particular, I present and discuss the preliminary findings of a study on the legal mobilisation of pro-migrant civil society organisations at the Southern European borders. These findings, based on a descriptive quantitative media analysis, provide a first overview of the use of the law by civil society organisations in border areas, making it possible to highlight some trends and suggest some relevant hypotheses to be explored in the course of further research. As such, they contribute to the international migration scholarship and policy community, in that they help to develop the study of political contention around migration, with an innovative focus on the use of the law in border areas. Additionally, they provide fertile ground for strengthening the protection of the rights of people on the move and the promotion of the rule of law, in accordance with the concerns and recommendations expressed by bodies of the United Nations and of the Council of Europe.
{"title":"Pro-migrant Civil Society Organisations and the Law: Patterns of Legal Mobilisation at EU Borders","authors":"Federico Alagna","doi":"10.1177/01979183251394002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251394002","url":null,"abstract":"Legal mobilisation, including its use within the pro-migrant movement, has been addressed by scholars from different disciplines. However, its deployment in the socio-spatial dimension of borderlands has received limited attention, despite the increasing use of legal strategies in the real world and the specificity of borderlands as unique sites of contention. This research note contributes to filling this gap through empirical research, prompting a dialogue between socio-legal, contentious politics, migration and border studies. In particular, I present and discuss the preliminary findings of a study on the legal mobilisation of pro-migrant civil society organisations at the Southern European borders. These findings, based on a descriptive quantitative media analysis, provide a first overview of the use of the law by civil society organisations in border areas, making it possible to highlight some trends and suggest some relevant hypotheses to be explored in the course of further research. As such, they contribute to the international migration scholarship and policy community, in that they help to develop the study of political contention around migration, with an innovative focus on the use of the law in border areas. Additionally, they provide fertile ground for strengthening the protection of the rights of people on the move and the promotion of the rule of law, in accordance with the concerns and recommendations expressed by bodies of the United Nations and of the Council of Europe.","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145478292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1177/01979183251381275
Roxanne Corbeil
In a highly interdependent world, wealthy industrialized countries are directly affected by economic and social conditions elsewhere by way of “spillovers such as migration. In response, these countries target development and humanitarian assistance efforts, focusing on countries from which these spillovers originate. In this paper, I extend existing scholarship on targeted development by investigating the specificity of donor aid allocation strategies. I ask whether donors vary the type of aid they allocate in response to the type of spillover they experience. Using dyadic aid and migration data on 30 donors and 126 recipient countries from 2007 to 2023, I construct proxy measures of two donor strategies for migration deterrence: an indirect root causes strategy and a direct migration management strategy. I then assess their relationship with permanent-type immigration and asylum-seeker inflows, and find that donors respond to these two types of immigration with increased allocation of both types of aid. However, they do so with different emphases, stressing the root causes approach in response to permanent-type immigration and the migration management approach in response to asylum-seeker inflows. These findings show that donors use official development assistance to simultaneously pursue multiple strategies of migration control, but are responsive to the type of immigration they experience. At a broader level, this paper demonstrates how donors vary development and humanitarian aid composition and not just quantity in response to different types of international spillovers.
{"title":"Foreign Aid Allocation as Migration Control: Root Causes or Migration Management?","authors":"Roxanne Corbeil","doi":"10.1177/01979183251381275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251381275","url":null,"abstract":"In a highly interdependent world, wealthy industrialized countries are directly affected by economic and social conditions elsewhere by way of “spillovers such as migration. In response, these countries target development and humanitarian assistance efforts, focusing on countries from which these spillovers originate. In this paper, I extend existing scholarship on targeted development by investigating the specificity of donor aid allocation strategies. I ask whether donors vary the type of aid they allocate in response to the type of spillover they experience. Using dyadic aid and migration data on 30 donors and 126 recipient countries from 2007 to 2023, I construct proxy measures of two donor strategies for migration deterrence: an indirect root causes strategy and a direct migration management strategy. I then assess their relationship with permanent-type immigration and asylum-seeker inflows, and find that donors respond to these two types of immigration with increased allocation of both types of aid. However, they do so with different emphases, stressing the root causes approach in response to permanent-type immigration and the migration management approach in response to asylum-seeker inflows. These findings show that donors use official development assistance to simultaneously pursue multiple strategies of migration control, but are responsive to the type of immigration they experience. At a broader level, this paper demonstrates how donors vary development and humanitarian aid composition and not just quantity in response to different types of international spillovers.","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1177/01979183251386753
Victoria Donnaloja
University graduates hold more positive attitudes toward immigrants (ATI) than non-graduates. However, whether individual gains in higher education create a more inclusive society depends on why higher education is associated with more positive attitudes. Education may shape attitudes directly, by fostering inclusive values, or indirectly, by shielding the highly educated from competition with immigrants. Over time, if the effect is direct, the expansion of education leads younger cohorts to hold increasingly positive views. In contrast, if the effect is indirect, the advantage conferred by higher education may erode as it becomes more widespread, potentially weakening its liberalizing influence on the population. Using multivariate regression analysis, I test these competing hypotheses for the UK by examining whether the gap in attitudes between high and low educated has narrowed as the British and immigrant populations have become more educated. I use the British Election Study and the British Social Attitudes Survey, which cover ATI between 1961 and 2021 for cohorts born throughout the twentieth century. In line with a direct effect of higher education, I find that graduates have consistently had more positive attitudes than non-graduates across generations, even relative to the expansion of education. However, I find that all younger cohorts, including the high educated, are increasingly more likely to believe that immigrants take jobs from the British-born and increase crime. This suggests that while higher education is a key determinant of ATI, it is not sufficient to offset other generational factors that may lead to rising hostility.
{"title":"Education Expansion and Attitudes Toward Immigrants Across Generations in the United Kingdom","authors":"Victoria Donnaloja","doi":"10.1177/01979183251386753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251386753","url":null,"abstract":"University graduates hold more positive attitudes toward immigrants (ATI) than non-graduates. However, whether individual gains in higher education create a more inclusive society depends on why higher education is associated with more positive attitudes. Education may shape attitudes directly, by fostering inclusive values, or indirectly, by shielding the highly educated from competition with immigrants. Over time, if the effect is direct, the expansion of education leads younger cohorts to hold increasingly positive views. In contrast, if the effect is indirect, the advantage conferred by higher education may erode as it becomes more widespread, potentially weakening its liberalizing influence on the population. Using multivariate regression analysis, I test these competing hypotheses for the UK by examining whether the gap in attitudes between high and low educated has narrowed as the British and immigrant populations have become more educated. I use the British Election Study and the British Social Attitudes Survey, which cover ATI between 1961 and 2021 for cohorts born throughout the twentieth century. In line with a direct effect of higher education, I find that graduates have consistently had more positive attitudes than non-graduates across generations, even relative to the expansion of education. However, I find that all younger cohorts, including the high educated, are increasingly more likely to believe that immigrants take jobs from the British-born and increase crime. This suggests that while higher education is a key determinant of ATI, it is not sufficient to offset other generational factors that may lead to rising hostility.","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145434990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1177/01979183251388052
John Cantwell, Pallavi Shukla
Digitalization has dramatically expanded the scale and scope of cross-border trade for international businesses, whether large multinational enterprises (MNEs), medium- to small-sized MNEs, or importing/exporting firms. In this paper, we examine how and to what extent migrants facilitate cross-border digital trade between their country of origin and country of residence. We argue that the rise in digital trade between countries is observed, in part, due to the rise of international knowledge connections facilitated by cross-border migrant relationships. Empirical analysis of migration and services trade panel data for the high- and upper-middle-income trading partners of the United States from 2000 to 2020 shows that recent migrants (or non-immigrants) to the United States increased exports to their country of origin. More importantly, we find that permanent migrants (or immigrants) embedded in their country of residence significantly increased exports to their country of origin. Implications for an interdisciplinary dialogue between economic theories of knowledge and institutional change on the one hand and economic sociology and migrant transnationalism on the other are discussed.
{"title":"Migrants, Knowledge Connections, and Digital Trade in the Information Age","authors":"John Cantwell, Pallavi Shukla","doi":"10.1177/01979183251388052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251388052","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization has dramatically expanded the scale and scope of cross-border trade for international businesses, whether large multinational enterprises (MNEs), medium- to small-sized MNEs, or importing/exporting firms. In this paper, we examine how and to what extent migrants facilitate cross-border digital trade between their country of origin and country of residence. We argue that the rise in digital trade between countries is observed, in part, due to the rise of international knowledge connections facilitated by cross-border migrant relationships. Empirical analysis of migration and services trade panel data for the high- and upper-middle-income trading partners of the United States from 2000 to 2020 shows that recent migrants (or non-immigrants) to the United States increased exports to their country of origin. More importantly, we find that permanent migrants (or immigrants) embedded in their country of residence significantly increased exports to their country of origin. Implications for an interdisciplinary dialogue between economic theories of knowledge and institutional change on the one hand and economic sociology and migrant transnationalism on the other are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1177/01979183251388079
Ahmet Furkan Ozyakar
{"title":"Book Review: Decided Return Migration: Emotions, Citizenship, Home and Belonging in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Aida Ibričević IbričevićAida. 2024. Decided Return Migration: Emotions, Citizenship, Home and Belonging in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cham: Springer Nature. 257 pages. €39.99(softcover).","authors":"Ahmet Furkan Ozyakar","doi":"10.1177/01979183251388079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251388079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1177/01979183251384595
Jean Philippe Décieux, Marcel Erlinghagen
Existing national panel surveys are limited in their ability to capture the dynamic nature of migrants’ cross-border trajectories, often losing track of individuals once they leave a country. This results in fragmented data on migrants’ life courses. To address this gap in understanding, we propose conceptual and methodological innovations, including improved survey methods and refined sample definitions, aimed at overcoming this data deficit. We also present best-practice examples that highlight the potential of these approaches to enhance empirical migration research and better align it with contemporary theoretical advancements.
{"title":"Innovations in Migration Research to Overcome Current Data Deficits","authors":"Jean Philippe Décieux, Marcel Erlinghagen","doi":"10.1177/01979183251384595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251384595","url":null,"abstract":"Existing national panel surveys are limited in their ability to capture the dynamic nature of migrants’ cross-border trajectories, often losing track of individuals once they leave a country. This results in fragmented data on migrants’ life courses. To address this gap in understanding, we propose conceptual and methodological innovations, including improved survey methods and refined sample definitions, aimed at overcoming this data deficit. We also present best-practice examples that highlight the potential of these approaches to enhance empirical migration research and better align it with contemporary theoretical advancements.","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1177/01979183251384612
Johanna O Zulueta
Aging has increasingly become an issue of concern in many countries, particularly in most migrant-receiving countries, where migrant workers are employed to address labor shortages due to an aging workforce. It should be noted that aging is also a concern for migrant-sending countries, where deployed workers and other long-term migrants are now experiencing the onset of aging. It is estimated that out of around 281 million international migrants, 12.2% (34.3 million) are aged 65 or older. Looking at cases from Japan and Malaysia, this report discusses the experiences and challenges of older or “aging” Filipino migrant workers, many of whom happen to be among the most vulnerable. However, it should be kept in mind that these older migrants are diverse not only in terms of experiences but also in terms of class, gender, occupation, and legal status. This report also emphasizes the need for more qualitative and ethnographic studies to augment existing data (which are mostly statistical) on Filipino migrants who are “aging-in-place” away from the homeland. Moreover, it explores how the Philippine state provides social citizenship to these older migrants—both temporary and long-term ones—and argues the need for more effective programs that would enable a sustainable return and reintegration.
{"title":"The Philippine State and Aging Filipino Migrants","authors":"Johanna O Zulueta","doi":"10.1177/01979183251384612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183251384612","url":null,"abstract":"Aging has increasingly become an issue of concern in many countries, particularly in most migrant-receiving countries, where migrant workers are employed to address labor shortages due to an aging workforce. It should be noted that aging is also a concern for migrant-sending countries, where deployed workers and other long-term migrants are now experiencing the onset of aging. It is estimated that out of around 281 million international migrants, 12.2% (34.3 million) are aged 65 or older. Looking at cases from Japan and Malaysia, this report discusses the experiences and challenges of older or “aging” Filipino migrant workers, many of whom happen to be among the most vulnerable. However, it should be kept in mind that these older migrants are diverse not only in terms of experiences but also in terms of class, gender, occupation, and legal status. This report also emphasizes the need for more qualitative and ethnographic studies to augment existing data (which are mostly statistical) on Filipino migrants who are “aging-in-place” away from the homeland. Moreover, it explores how the Philippine state provides social citizenship to these older migrants—both temporary and long-term ones—and argues the need for more effective programs that would enable a sustainable return and reintegration.","PeriodicalId":48229,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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