Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103299
Leena S. Guptha , Rajeev Gupta , Krishna Kumar Sharma , Soneil Guptha
Introduction
A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23 kg/m2 is recognized as an appropriate threshold for Asian Indians to diagnose overweight and obesity, conditions associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the incremental risk of T2D beginning at a BMI of 18.5 kg/m2, which is below the specified threshold.
Methods
The secondary data employed in this analysis were initially gathered in the IHW study, which aimed to determine the nationwide prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among urban populations in medium-sized cities within large Indian regional states.
Results
A linear association between BMI and T2D, as determined by the Mantel-Haenszel Test, demonstrated that each incremental increase of one unit in BMI significantly elevates the risk of T2D by 28 % (Odds Ratio = 1.28, 95 % Confidence Interval [1.19, 1.37], p < .0001), commencing at a threshold of 18.5 kg/m2. This finding refutes the null hypothesis of no correlation between BMI and T2D.
Conclusion
The results of this analysis suggest that a BMI exceeding 18.5 kg/m2 may serve as a threshold for identifying individuals at an increased risk of T2D and for developing preventive strategies within the urban Asian Indian population. Nonetheless, this threshold warrants confirmation through a longitudinal investigation involving individuals with normal blood glucose levels, with particular attention to its correlation with HbA1c.
{"title":"Incremental risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) starts at low Body Mass Index (BMI) in Asian Indians: Analysis from India Heart Watch (IHW)","authors":"Leena S. Guptha , Rajeev Gupta , Krishna Kumar Sharma , Soneil Guptha","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23 kg/m<sup>2</sup> is recognized as an appropriate threshold for Asian Indians to diagnose overweight and obesity, conditions associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the incremental risk of T2D beginning at a BMI of 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, which is below the specified threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The secondary data employed in this analysis were initially gathered in the IHW study, which aimed to determine the nationwide prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among urban populations in medium-sized cities within large Indian regional states.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A linear association between BMI and T2D, as determined by the Mantel-Haenszel Test, demonstrated that each incremental increase of one unit in BMI significantly elevates the risk of T2D by 28 % (Odds Ratio = 1.28, 95 % Confidence Interval [1.19, 1.37], p < .0001), commencing at a threshold of 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. This finding refutes the null hypothesis of no correlation between BMI and T2D.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this analysis suggest that a BMI exceeding 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> may serve as a threshold for identifying individuals at an increased risk of T2D and for developing preventive strategies within the urban Asian Indian population. Nonetheless, this threshold warrants confirmation through a longitudinal investigation involving individuals with normal blood glucose levels, with particular attention to its correlation with HbA1c.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103277
Yuxin Jin , Li Zhang , Xinwen Yu , Aili Yang , Xin Wang , Biao Qi , Ting Yang , Min Sun , Guohong Zhao , Bin Gao
Introduction
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common metabolic-endocrine disorder, is linked to low-quality carbohydrate intake, though evidence remains controversial. This research aimed to evaluate carbohydrate quantity/quality impacts on PCOS by combining global trends from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database with pooled study from individual-level data.
Methods
We analyzed GBD 2021 data to assess annual trends in PCOS incidence and low-grain/high-sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Six databases were searched until February 2025 to identify population-based studies for meta-analysis. Results were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95 % CIs, and heterogeneity was evaluated using χ2 tests and I2 statistics.
Results
GBD 2021 data revealed rising PCOS incidence alongside increased low whole-grain intake and high sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. This meta-analysis of 25 studies (n = 20,738) found no significant difference in total carbohydrate intake between PCOS and non-PCOS women. However, women with PCOS had significantly higher refined grain intake (SMD (95 % CI) = 0.66 [0.09, 1.24]) and lower whole grains (SMD (95 % CI) = −0.64 [-1.34, 0.07]) and fiber intake (MD (95 % CI) = −1.83 [-3.80, 0.13]). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significantly reduced fiber intake in overweight (MD = −2.92 [95 % CI: 4.64 to −1.21]) and non-diabetic women with PCOS (MD = −1.40 [95 % CI: 2.42 to −0.38]).
Conclusion
Compared with carbohydrate quantity, lower-quality carbohydrate intake-characterized by higher refined grain consumption and lower intake of fiber and whole grains-appears to be more closely associated with PCOS. Different metabolic phenotypes in PCOS may require personalized dietary strategies.
{"title":"Carbohydrate Quantity vs. Quality in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Population-Based Meta-Analysis Combined with GBD Data-Driven Assessment","authors":"Yuxin Jin , Li Zhang , Xinwen Yu , Aili Yang , Xin Wang , Biao Qi , Ting Yang , Min Sun , Guohong Zhao , Bin Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common metabolic-endocrine disorder, is linked to low-quality carbohydrate intake, though evidence remains controversial. This research aimed to evaluate carbohydrate quantity/quality impacts on PCOS by combining global trends from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database with pooled study from individual-level data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed GBD 2021 data to assess annual trends in PCOS incidence and low-grain/high-sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Six databases were searched until February 2025 to identify population-based studies for meta-analysis. Results were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95 % CIs, and heterogeneity was evaluated using χ<sup>2</sup> tests and <em>I</em><sup>2</sup> statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GBD 2021 data revealed rising PCOS incidence alongside increased low whole-grain intake and high sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. This meta-analysis of 25 studies (n = 20,738) found no significant difference in total carbohydrate intake between PCOS and non-PCOS women. However, women with PCOS had significantly higher refined grain intake (SMD (95 % CI) = 0.66 [0.09, 1.24]) and lower whole grains (SMD (95 % CI) = −0.64 [-1.34, 0.07]) and fiber intake (MD (95 % CI) = −1.83 [-3.80, 0.13]). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significantly reduced fiber intake in overweight (MD = −2.92 [95 % CI: 4.64 to −1.21]) and non-diabetic women with PCOS (MD = −1.40 [95 % CI: 2.42 to −0.38]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with carbohydrate quantity, lower-quality carbohydrate intake-characterized by higher refined grain consumption and lower intake of fiber and whole grains-appears to be more closely associated with PCOS. Different metabolic phenotypes in PCOS may require personalized dietary strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103295
Leyang Liu, Xiaoqin Pang, Jie Liu, Weiwei Liu
Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication, with a significant risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.
Aims
We aimed to explore the incidence and risk factors associated with the recurrence of GDM among women with a history of GDM.
Methods
We searched several databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, CINAHL, ProQuest, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine Database) from January 1961 to June 2024. We included only population-based studies that reported on GDM recurrence or risk factors among women, and differentiated between those with and without a history of GDM recurrence.
Results
We included 31 studies, of which 27 had a low risk of bias and 4 had a medium risk of bias. The incidence of GDM recurrence was 51 % (95 %CI: 0.48–0.55). Identified risk factors for GDM recurrence included maternal age (OR = 1.32; 95 % CI: 1.12–1.54), ethnicity (OR = 1.38; 95 % CI: 1.11–1.73), parity (OR = 1.83; 95 % CI: 1.04–3.23), family history of diabetes (OR = 2.07; 95 % CI: 1.44–2.97), history of macrosomia (OR = 1.90; 95 % CI: 1.28–2.83), insulin treatment during the index pregnancy (OR = 2.09; 95 % CI: 1.63–2.68), overweight or obesity before the index pregnancy (OR = 1.88; 95 % CI: 1.39–2.56), 1-h postprandial glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the index pregnancy (OR = 1.50; 95 % CI: 1.04–2.16), 2-h postprandial glucose levels on OGTT during the index pregnancy (OR = 2.06; 95 % CI: 1.11–3.81), two or more abnormal OGTT value at the index pregnancy (OR = 2.38; 95 % CI: 1.88–3.02), weight gain between pregnancies (OR = 2.05; 95 % CI: 1.38–3.04), overweight or obesity before the subsequent pregnancy (OR = 1.43; 95 % CI: 1.20–1.69), weight gain before OGTT during the subsequent pregnancy (OR = 1.55; 95 % CI: 1.27–1.89), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the subsequent early pregnancy (OR = 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.06–1.40).
Conclusions
The study found a high recurrence rate of GDM. Identifying risk factors highlights the need for early screening, and lifestyle interventions to reduce recurrence risk.
{"title":"The prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Leyang Liu, Xiaoqin Pang, Jie Liu, Weiwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication, with a significant risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>We aimed to explore the incidence and risk factors associated with the recurrence of GDM among women with a history of GDM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched several databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, CINAHL, ProQuest, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine Database) from January 1961 to June 2024. We included only population-based studies that reported on GDM recurrence or risk factors among women, and differentiated between those with and without a history of GDM recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 31 studies, of which 27 had a low risk of bias and 4 had a medium risk of bias. The incidence of GDM recurrence was 51 % (95 %CI: 0.48–0.55). Identified risk factors for GDM recurrence included maternal age (OR = 1.32; 95 % CI: 1.12–1.54), ethnicity (OR = 1.38; 95 % CI: 1.11–1.73), parity (OR = 1.83; 95 % CI: 1.04–3.23), family history of diabetes (OR = 2.07; 95 % CI: 1.44–2.97), history of macrosomia (OR = 1.90; 95 % CI: 1.28–2.83), insulin treatment during the index pregnancy (OR = 2.09; 95 % CI: 1.63–2.68), overweight or obesity before the index pregnancy (OR = 1.88; 95 % CI: 1.39–2.56), 1-h postprandial glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the index pregnancy (OR = 1.50; 95 % CI: 1.04–2.16), 2-h postprandial glucose levels on OGTT during the index pregnancy (OR = 2.06; 95 % CI: 1.11–3.81), two or more abnormal OGTT value at the index pregnancy (OR = 2.38; 95 % CI: 1.88–3.02), weight gain between pregnancies (OR = 2.05; 95 % CI: 1.38–3.04), overweight or obesity before the subsequent pregnancy (OR = 1.43; 95 % CI: 1.20–1.69), weight gain before OGTT during the subsequent pregnancy (OR = 1.55; 95 % CI: 1.27–1.89), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the subsequent early pregnancy (OR = 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.06–1.40).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study found a high recurrence rate of GDM. Identifying risk factors highlights the need for early screening, and lifestyle interventions to reduce recurrence risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103278
Meng Chen , Lan Xu , Linda Van Horn , JoAnn E. Manson , Katherine L. Tucker , Xihao Du , Nannan Feng , Shuang Rong , Victor W. Zhong
Aims
To assess the association between eating duration less than 8 h and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Methods
Adult participants who reported usual intake from two valid 24-h dietary recalls were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2003–2018 (n = 19,831). Mortality status as of December 2019 was obtained through linkage to the National Death Index. Average eating duration was categorized as <8, 8–<10, 10–<12, 12–14 h (mean duration), >14–16, and >16 h. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were derived.
Results
During a median follow-up of 8.1 years, compared with eating duration of 12–14 h, eating duration <8 h was robustly associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.35 [95 % CI, 1.39–3.98]), but not with all-cause and cancer mortality. The positive association with cardiovascular mortality remained consistent across 8 subgroups stratified by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and smoking status, and survived 14 sensitivity analyses. However, the association with all-cause mortality did not survive many sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions
Although a positive association was observed between eating duration <8 h and cardiovascular mortality, further research is required to understand whether this risk is attributed to the short eating duration itself or residual confounding resulting from its contributing factors.
{"title":"Association of eating duration less than 8 h with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality","authors":"Meng Chen , Lan Xu , Linda Van Horn , JoAnn E. Manson , Katherine L. Tucker , Xihao Du , Nannan Feng , Shuang Rong , Victor W. Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To assess the association between eating duration less than 8 h and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adult participants who reported usual intake from two valid 24-h dietary recalls were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2003–2018 (n = 19,831). Mortality status as of December 2019 was obtained through linkage to the National Death Index. Average eating duration was categorized as <8, 8–<10, 10–<12, 12–14 h (mean duration), >14–16, and >16 h. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were derived.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up of 8.1 years, compared with eating duration of 12–14 h, eating duration <8 h was robustly associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.35 [95 % CI, 1.39–3.98]), but not with all-cause and cancer mortality. The positive association with cardiovascular mortality remained consistent across 8 subgroups stratified by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and smoking status, and survived 14 sensitivity analyses. However, the association with all-cause mortality did not survive many sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although a positive association was observed between eating duration <8 h and cardiovascular mortality, further research is required to understand whether this risk is attributed to the short eating duration itself or residual confounding resulting from its contributing factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144986158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103283
Sharon N. Parsons , Stephen D. Luzio , Sarah C. Dowrick , Gareth J. Dunseath , Wai Yee Cheung , Sarah L. Gibbs , David R. Owens , Jeffrey W. Stephens
Introduction
There is little evidence on the impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) on self-management behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes using participant reported outcome measures. We aimed to assess whether self-management behaviour, measured by the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), is altered by the short-term use of CGM in people with complex type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Open, single-centre, randomised crossover study lasting 36 weeks. Participants were aged >18 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes >1 year and HbA1c ≥ 9%/75 mmol/mol. All were receiving care from a specialist diabetes team. Following basic diabetes self-management education and a 10 day period of blinded CGM, participants were randomised to one of two sequences. Sequence 1: 12 weeks routine diabetes care followed by 12 weeks CGM use; Sequence 2: 12 weeks CGM followed by 12 weeks routine diabetes care. Both sequences undertook a 12 week follow up period with no CGM use.
Results
Fifty-one participants were randomised, 25 to sequence 1, 26 to sequence 2. At baseline, 62.7% were male, mean age 59.7 years, mean (SD) HbA1c 10.7% (1.07)/93 mmol/mol (11.74) and 88.2% were prescribed insulin therapy. DSMQ mean total score pre-CGM was 7.0 (1.37). Following CGM use, DSMQ total and subset scores improved, with total score increasing significantly (mean difference 0.62, 95% CI 0.27, 0.98; p = 0.001). Present quality of life, HbA1c and %Time in Range also significantly improved following CGM use.
Conclusion
In people with complex type 2 diabetes, the introduction of CGM can significantly improve diabetes self-management behaviour and other important outcomes.
通过参与者报告的结果测量，几乎没有证据表明持续血糖监测（CGM）对2型糖尿病患者自我管理行为的影响。我们的目的是评估糖尿病自我管理问卷（DSMQ）测量的自我管理行为是否会因短期使用CGM而改变复杂2型糖尿病患者。方法开放、单中心、随机交叉研究，持续36周。参与者年龄18岁，诊断为2型糖尿病1年，HbA1c≥9%/75 mmol/mol。所有人都在接受糖尿病专家小组的治疗。在基本的糖尿病自我管理教育和10天的盲法CGM后，参与者被随机分配到两个序列中的一个。顺序1：常规糖尿病护理12周，随后使用CGM 12周；顺序2:12周CGM后进行12周常规糖尿病护理。两组均进行了12周的随访，未使用CGM。结果51名参与者被随机分配，25人进入序列1,26人进入序列2。基线时，62.7%为男性，平均年龄59.7岁，平均（SD） HbA1c为10.7% (1.07)/93 mmol/mol(11.74)， 88.2%接受胰岛素治疗。cgm前DSMQ平均总分为7.0（1.37）。使用CGM后，DSMQ总分和子集得分均得到改善，总分显著增加（平均差异0.62,95% CI 0.27, 0.98; p = 0.001）。使用CGM后，患者的生活质量、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和维持时间（%）也显著改善。结论在复杂2型糖尿病患者中，引入CGM可显著改善糖尿病自我管理行为及其他重要结局。
{"title":"Does the short-term use of continuous glucose monitoring enhance diabetes self-management behaviour in type 2 diabetes? The DISCO GM Study: A randomised, controlled cross-over study","authors":"Sharon N. Parsons , Stephen D. Luzio , Sarah C. Dowrick , Gareth J. Dunseath , Wai Yee Cheung , Sarah L. Gibbs , David R. Owens , Jeffrey W. Stephens","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There is little evidence on the impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) on self-management behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes using participant reported outcome measures. We aimed to assess whether self-management behaviour, measured by the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), is altered by the short-term use of CGM in people with complex type 2 diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Open, single-centre, randomised crossover study lasting 36 weeks. Participants were aged >18 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes >1 year and HbA1c ≥ 9%/75 mmol/mol. All were receiving care from a specialist diabetes team. Following basic diabetes self-management education and a 10 day period of blinded CGM, participants were randomised to one of two sequences. Sequence 1: 12 weeks routine diabetes care followed by 12 weeks CGM use; Sequence 2: 12 weeks CGM followed by 12 weeks routine diabetes care. Both sequences undertook a 12 week follow up period with no CGM use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-one participants were randomised, 25 to sequence 1, 26 to sequence 2. At baseline, 62.7% were male, mean age 59.7 years, mean (SD) HbA1c 10.7% (1.07)/93 mmol/mol (11.74) and 88.2% were prescribed insulin therapy. DSMQ mean total score pre-CGM was 7.0 (1.37). Following CGM use, DSMQ total and subset scores improved, with total score increasing significantly (mean difference 0.62, 95% CI 0.27, 0.98; p = 0.001). Present quality of life, HbA1c and %Time in Range also significantly improved following CGM use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In people with complex type 2 diabetes, the introduction of CGM can significantly improve diabetes self-management behaviour and other important outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103284
Divya Joshi , Marie Pigeyre , Muhammad Usman Ali , Renee de Mutsert , Femke Rutters , David Campbell , Jean-Pierre Despres , Sayem Borhan , Talha Rafiq , Romy Slebe , Denis Blondin , Andre Carpentier , Joris Hoeks , Andries Kalsbeek , Patrick Schrauwen , Chun-Xia Yi , Parminder Raina
Background
Misalignment of the endogenous circadian system may contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between clock gene polymorphisms and glycemic parameters and type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 20, 2024. Empirical studies examining the association between core clock gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes and glycemic parameters, and studies examining non-core clock genes with information on environmental factors were included. A multi-level meta-analytical approach was used, and a weighted odds ratio was reported (PROSPERO, CRD42022337706).
Results
In total, 37 studies comprising 535,063 participants were included. CRY2 was associated with higher fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.11) and impaired glucose tolerance (OR: 1.02, CI: 1.00–1.04). Polymorphisms in MTNR1B were associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. CLOCK was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.89–1.00), and PER3 was associated with lower fasting insulin (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.91–0.97) and lower risk of insulin resistance (OR: 0.92, CI: 0.88–0.95). These associations reflect pooled variant-level effects within genes, and the effects of certain variants were modified by diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep, and length of daylight.
Conclusions
Specific polymorphisms in circadian genes, including CRY2, MTNR1B, CLOCK, and PER3, were associated with glycemic parameters and type 2 diabetes risk. These associations may be influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors, and interventions targeting circadian alignment could potentially modify diabetes risk, although further research is needed.
{"title":"The association between clock gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Divya Joshi , Marie Pigeyre , Muhammad Usman Ali , Renee de Mutsert , Femke Rutters , David Campbell , Jean-Pierre Despres , Sayem Borhan , Talha Rafiq , Romy Slebe , Denis Blondin , Andre Carpentier , Joris Hoeks , Andries Kalsbeek , Patrick Schrauwen , Chun-Xia Yi , Parminder Raina","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Misalignment of the endogenous circadian system may contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between clock gene polymorphisms and glycemic parameters and type 2 diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 20, 2024. Empirical studies examining the association between core clock gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes and glycemic parameters, and studies examining non-core clock genes with information on environmental factors were included. A multi-level meta-analytical approach was used, and a weighted odds ratio was reported (PROSPERO, CRD42022337706).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 37 studies comprising 535,063 participants were included. <em>CRY2</em> was associated with higher fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.11) and impaired glucose tolerance (OR: 1.02, CI: 1.00–1.04). Polymorphisms in <em>MTNR1B</em> were associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. <em>CLOCK</em> was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.89–1.00), and <em>PER3</em> was associated with lower fasting insulin (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.91–0.97) and lower risk of insulin resistance (OR: 0.92, CI: 0.88–0.95). These associations reflect pooled variant-level effects within genes, and the effects of certain variants were modified by diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep, and length of daylight.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Specific polymorphisms in circadian genes, including <em>CRY2, MTNR1B, CLOCK,</em> and <em>PER3</em>, were associated with glycemic parameters and type 2 diabetes risk. These associations may be influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors, and interventions targeting circadian alignment could potentially modify diabetes risk, although further research is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metabolic Syndrome consist of key cardiometabolic risk factors and is increasingly prevalent in Latin America. However, regional prevalence data remain fragmented and outdated.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting metabolic syndrome prevalence in Latin American adults, following JBI and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searchers were conducted in MEDLINE, VHL and Scopus. Data were extracted in duplicate, and study quality was assessed using STROBE. A random-effects meta-analysis with logit transformations, and Restricted Maximum Likelihood was applied. Subgroup, sensitivity and publication bias analyses were performed. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO.
Results
Eighty-nine studies were included, encompassing 165,201 participants, and using six diagnostic criteria. The overall prevalence was 40 % (95 % CI: 32–72), with the highest rates in Mexico (61 %), and Ecuador (50 %). Prevalence increased over time (pre-2015 32 % vs post-2015 42 %). Higher prevalence was found among females, older adults, and individuals in urban/mixed settings. Estimates varied depending on the diagnostic criteria used; the Joint International Statement 2009 and International Diabetes Federation 2006 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy. High heterogeneity reflected the diversity of Latin American context. No publication bias was detected.
Conclusions
Metabolic syndrome affects 40 % of adults in Latin America and is rising; particularly among women, older adults and urban populations. Standardized regional diagnostic criteria and urgent, targeted actions are needed to reduce its burden.
{"title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","authors":"L.A. Parra-Gómez , J.P. Puerta Rojas , A.J. Vásquez , M.A. Escalante Remolina , A.J. Lora Mantilla , S.J. Villabona Flórez , P.A. Camacho López","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Metabolic Syndrome consist of key cardiometabolic risk factors and is increasingly prevalent in Latin America. However, regional prevalence data remain fragmented and outdated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting metabolic syndrome prevalence in Latin American adults, following JBI and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searchers were conducted in MEDLINE, VHL and Scopus. Data were extracted in duplicate, and study quality was assessed using STROBE. A random-effects meta-analysis with logit transformations, and Restricted Maximum Likelihood was applied. Subgroup, sensitivity and publication bias analyses were performed. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-nine studies were included, encompassing 165,201 participants, and using six diagnostic criteria. The overall prevalence was 40 % (95 % CI: 32–72), with the highest rates in Mexico (61 %), and Ecuador (50 %). Prevalence increased over time (pre-2015 32 % vs post-2015 42 %). Higher prevalence was found among females, older adults, and individuals in urban/mixed settings. Estimates varied depending on the diagnostic criteria used; the Joint International Statement 2009 and International Diabetes Federation 2006 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy. High heterogeneity reflected the diversity of Latin American context. No publication bias was detected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Metabolic syndrome affects 40 % of adults in Latin America and is rising; particularly among women, older adults and urban populations. Standardized regional diagnostic criteria and urgent, targeted actions are needed to reduce its burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103297
Ningjian Wang , Anoop Misra
{"title":"Highlights of the Current Issue","authors":"Ningjian Wang , Anoop Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103297","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103269
Jude Mary Cénat , Élisabeth Dromer , Idrissa Beogo , Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian Farahi , Rebecca Matsakawo , Jihane Mkhatri , Rose Darly Dalexis , Hannah Zuta , Patrick R. Labelle
This study examines the prevalence and factors associated with diabetes among Black individuals in Canada, compared to other racial groups. A comprehensive search strategy was executed across ten databases: MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, CBCA, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CPI. Q, Embase, Érudit, and Web of Science. A random effects meta-analysis and narrative review were performed. The meta-analysis included 11 studies comprising 83,942 Black individuals, finding a pooled diabetes prevalence of 6.3 %. No significant gender or racial-ethnic group differences were observed. However, when compared directly to other racial group, Black individuals were more likely to have diabetes compared to White (OR = 1.29) and Asian (OR = 1.16) participants. The prevalence was unaffected by moderators such as age, gender or publication year. A narrative review highlighted associations with gender, socioeconomic status, immigration status, and healthcare utilization. Findings highlight a higher diabetes prevalence among Black individuals compared to White and Asian populations and significant research gaps. Key areas for future study include examining the impact of social determinants like racial discrimination, immigration status, and socioeconomic factors on diabetes risk. Additionally, classifying data by ethnicity within Canadian populations and focusing on healthcare quality are essential to developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies for Black communities.
{"title":"Prevalence and factors related to type 2 diabetes among Black individuals in Canada: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jude Mary Cénat , Élisabeth Dromer , Idrissa Beogo , Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian Farahi , Rebecca Matsakawo , Jihane Mkhatri , Rose Darly Dalexis , Hannah Zuta , Patrick R. Labelle","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the prevalence and factors associated with diabetes among Black individuals in Canada, compared to other racial groups. A comprehensive search strategy was executed across ten databases: MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, CBCA, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CPI. Q, Embase, Érudit, and Web of Science. A random effects meta-analysis and narrative review were performed. The meta-analysis included 11 studies comprising 83,942 Black individuals, finding a pooled diabetes prevalence of 6.3 %. No significant gender or racial-ethnic group differences were observed. However, when compared directly to other racial group, Black individuals were more likely to have diabetes compared to White (OR = 1.29) and Asian (OR = 1.16) participants. The prevalence was unaffected by moderators such as age, gender or publication year. A narrative review highlighted associations with gender, socioeconomic status, immigration status, and healthcare utilization. Findings highlight a higher diabetes prevalence among Black individuals compared to White and Asian populations and significant research gaps. Key areas for future study include examining the impact of social determinants like racial discrimination, immigration status, and socioeconomic factors on diabetes risk. Additionally, classifying data by ethnicity within Canadian populations and focusing on healthcare quality are essential to developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies for Black communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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