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A geographer's place matters: Reflections from a ‘local scholar’ and the politics of North/South knowledge production 地理学家的位置很重要:来自“地方学者”的反思和南北知识生产的政治
IF 3.3 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12661
Sopheak Chann
The most prominent and influential Geography literatures about the Global South are predominantly produced by scholars in the North and less so by intellectuals whose homes are located in the Global South—the ‘local scholars’. As a Cambodian scholar, I argue that the challenges of participating in collaborative, English language knowledge production derive not merely from skill disparities between international and ‘local’ academics, but also from constraints in finding the right platforms for research and academic expression. Constrained conditions for knowledge participation and expansion are rooted in a long history of colonialism in the Cambodian education system and the contemporary political economy of academia. Rather than directly engage with international intellectual and political discussions, in many cases, Cambodian scholars largely supply compelling stories—in the form of ethnographic evidence, data, images and affect to fuel theoretical debates taking place in the North. Beyond emphasising this well established inequity in the political economy of knowledge production, I contend that being ‘on the ground’ not only equips local scholars with contextual depths but also confines them to think and act locally.
关于全球南方的最杰出和最有影响力的地理文献主要是由北方的学者撰写的,而较少是由居住在全球南方的知识分子——“当地学者”撰写的。作为一名柬埔寨学者,我认为参与合作的英语知识生产的挑战不仅来自国际和“本地”学者之间的技能差距,还来自寻找合适的研究和学术表达平台的限制。知识参与和扩展的限制条件植根于柬埔寨教育系统的长期殖民主义历史和当代学术界的政治经济。在许多情况下,柬埔寨学者并没有直接参与国际知识分子和政治讨论,而是以人种学证据、数据、图像和影响的形式,提供了令人信服的故事,从而推动了在北方发生的理论辩论。除了强调知识生产的政治经济学中这种根深蒂固的不平等之外,我认为“在实地”不仅使当地学者具备了上下文深度,而且还限制了他们在当地的思考和行动。
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引用次数: 0
The intimate socialities of going carbon neutral 走向碳中和的亲密社交
IF 3.3 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12658
Rebecca Collins
This paper argues that the generation of social intimacy is critical to enabling acts of environmental care. By interrogating the intimate socialities of a group of young people who grew up in a village community committed to carbon reduction, I untangle the influence of everyday intimacies on everyday (un)sustainabilities, particularly in relation to the popular but uncritical positioning of young people as ‘sustainability saviours’. I problematise assumptions that young people's social intimacies are a straightforward enabler of lifestyle change aligned with sustainability by highlighting the fluidity of intimacies and associated senses of trust throughout young adulthood. I argue further that capitalising on this fluidity might in fact amplify bottom-up environmental care if young people can move readily between networked spaces of trust and support. Drawing from scholarship on friendship, family and community intimacies and the substantial literature on households as crucibles for more sustainable living, I suggest there is considerable reconciliation work demanded at a personal level in order to live comfortably within the everyday intimacies of social life at the same time as committing to individual environmental action. These arguments advance debates around the optimal social drivers of more sustainable lifestyles, at the same time as sounding a cautionary note in relation to the too easy emplacement of responsibility for driving change at the feet of young people.
本文认为,社会亲密关系的产生对于环境保护行为的实现至关重要。通过询问一群在致力于碳减排的乡村社区长大的年轻人的亲密社会,我理清了日常亲密关系对日常(非)可持续性的影响,特别是与年轻人作为“可持续性救世主”的流行但不加批判的定位有关。我通过强调亲密关系的流动性和整个青年期的相关信任感,对年轻人的社会亲密关系是生活方式改变的直接促成因素的假设提出了质疑。我进一步认为,如果年轻人能够在信任和支持的网络空间之间轻松移动,利用这种流动性实际上可能会放大自下而上的环境关怀。根据关于友谊、家庭和社区亲密关系的学术研究,以及关于家庭是更可持续生活的关键因素的大量文献,我建议在个人层面上需要进行大量的和解工作,以便在致力于个人环境行动的同时,在社会生活的日常亲密关系中舒适地生活。这些观点推动了围绕更可持续生活方式的最佳社会驱动因素的辩论,同时也对太容易将推动变革的责任推给年轻人发出了警告。
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引用次数: 0
Retail banking closures in the United Kingdom. Are neighbourhood characteristics associated with retail bank branch closures? 英国零售银行倒闭。社区特征是否与零售银行分行关闭有关?
IF 3.3 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12656
Stephen Clark, Andy Newing, Nick Hood, Mark Birkin
The United Kingdom retail banking sector has been through many changes over the past decade, driven by economic, technological and pandemic factors. This is perhaps most evident through the rationalisation of the branch networks, primarily through branch closures. There is a concern that these closures can have differential effects on certain sections of society, reducing or eliminating their access to cash and financial services. In this study we utilise comprehensive branch-level data and a discrete time-hazard model to identify whether certain neighbourhood types have been disproportionally affected by these closures during the period 2015 to 2021. We find that building society branches are least likely to close, and that competition and the presence of alternative banking facilities (including Post Office branches) influence likelihood of closure. Crucially, neighbourhood type matters, with rural communities continuing to be most impacted, along with those where the predominant work activities are less concentrated, or largely absent. However, in contrast to earlier studies, we find that affluent neighbourhoods were more at risk of branch closure than more diverse and economically challenged neighbourhoods. We conclude by considering these findings in the context of recently introduced legislation to protect access to basic banking and cash withdrawal and deposit facilities.
在经济、技术和流行病因素的推动下,联合王国零售银行业在过去十年中经历了许多变化。这一点最明显的可能是通过分行网络的合理化,主要是通过关闭分行。令人关切的是,这些关闭可能对社会某些阶层产生不同的影响,减少或消除他们获得现金和金融服务的机会。在这项研究中,我们利用全面的分支级数据和离散的时间-风险模型来确定某些社区类型是否在2015年至2021年期间受到这些关闭的不成比例的影响。我们发现,建房互助会分支机构关闭的可能性最小,竞争和其他银行设施(包括邮局分支机构)的存在影响了关闭的可能性。至关重要的是,邻里类型很重要,农村社区继续受到最大的影响,以及那些主要工作活动不太集中或基本上没有的社区。然而,与早期的研究相比,我们发现富裕的社区比更多样化和经济挑战的社区更有可能关闭分支机构。最后,我们在最近提出的保护获得基本银行和现金提取和存款设施的立法的背景下考虑这些调查结果。
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引用次数: 0
Way‐finding agendas through Transactions 通过交易方式寻找议程
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12651
James Esson, Markus Breines, Katherine Brickell, Jessica Hope, Sin Yee Koh, Anna M. Lawrence, Colin McFarlane, Jessica McLean, Matt Sparke
Abstract This is the first in a series of occasional editorials in which we guide our readers through groups of papers that we consider to be ‘way‐finding’ contributions to geographical debates. Our emphasis on ‘way‐finding’ and navigating through scholarly work engages a tension we identified around Transactions ' remit of publishing so‐called ‘landmark’ papers which are likely to stimulate and shape research agendas in Geography. We use this editorial as an opportunity to refocus attention away from the landmark paper as a static object of high repute that people come to visit, and towards the active role of landmarks as way‐finders used to navigate and engage with a landscape. The papers spotlighted in the editorial provide noteworthy examples of recent efforts to understand non‐human lifeworlds and the legitimisation of concepts and experiences constructed in/by Majority World scholarship. The papers are also notable for their careful approach to shaping agendas, marked by an awareness of past and present geographical scholarship, while also envisioning the discipline's future.
这是一系列偶然社论中的第一篇,在这些社论中,我们通过我们认为是对地理辩论的“方式发现”贡献的论文组来指导读者。我们强调在学术工作中“寻路”和导航,这与我们在《汇刊》发表所谓的“里程碑”论文的职权范围内发现的紧张关系有关,这些论文可能会刺激和塑造地理学的研究议程。我们利用这篇社论作为一个机会,将人们的注意力从作为人们前来参观的高声誉静态对象的地标性论文转移到作为导航和参与景观的寻路者的地标性论文的积极作用上。社论中强调的论文提供了值得注意的例子,说明了最近在理解非人类生活世界以及在多数世界学术中构建的概念和经验的合法化方面所做的努力。这些论文还以其精心制定议程的方式而闻名,其标志是对过去和现在地理学术的认识,同时也展望了该学科的未来。
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引用次数: 1
When planetary cosmopolitanism meets the Buddhist ethic: Recycling, karma and popular ecology in Singapore 当地球世界主义与佛教伦理相遇:新加坡的循环利用、因果报应和大众生态
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12654
Siew Ying Shee, Orlando Woods, Lily Kong
Abstract By thinking with and through Buddhist cosmology, this paper explores the emergence of an ethical sensibility—what we call planetary cosmopolitanism—that is based on not just a spatially expanded ethic of care to ecological worlds, but also a temporally extended sense of justice to the future Earth. This transtemporal sense of ethical becoming reflects how the possibility of future ‘rebirth’ and accountability for past actions can motivate new ecological consciousness in the present. We forge these ideas through an empirical focus on popular Buddhist ecological practices in Singapore, where green recovery visions have primarily been driven by a secular and technocratic ethos. In negotiating the prevailing modernist ecological discourses, many Buddhists tap into an alternative imagining of cosmological time that regards Earth not simply as a place to be left behind at the end of one's life, but a permanent home for all future beings. This reading of human–ecology relations emphasises a causal responsibility to secure planetary well‐being, moving the making of cosmopolitan sensibilities from the realm of beneficence into justice. Yet, this renewed cosmopolitan sensibility to Earth is not simply a prescriptive ethical framework articulated on an abstract level, but materially performed and negotiated at the level of everyday life. Recycling becomes a site of rapprochement that allows Buddhists in Singapore to promote and negotiate their ecological consciousness within the strictures of the secular state. In doing so, it opens up new spaces of postcapitalist possibility that enable Buddhists, alongside people of other or no faith, to imagine alternative ways of inhabiting the planet. By developing an alternative account of cosmopolitanism grounded in Buddhist cosmology, we identify Buddhism as a decolonial lens through which we can critically reimagine human–ecology relations, and illuminate diverse modes and practices of ethical becoming in this age of ecological crisis.
通过对佛教宇宙学的思考,本文探讨了一种伦理敏感性的出现——我们称之为行星世界主义——它不仅基于对生态世界的空间扩展的关怀伦理,而且还基于对未来地球的时间扩展的正义感。这种短暂的伦理意识反映了未来“重生”的可能性和对过去行为的责任如何激发当下新的生态意识。我们通过对新加坡流行的佛教生态实践的实证关注来形成这些想法,在新加坡,绿色复苏的愿景主要是由世俗和技术官僚精神驱动的。在讨论流行的现代主义生态话语时,许多佛教徒采用了另一种宇宙学时间的想象,认为地球不仅仅是一个人生命结束时留下的地方,而是所有未来生命的永久家园。这种对人类生态关系的解读强调了确保地球福祉的因果责任,将世界主义的情感从慈善领域转移到正义领域。然而,这种对地球的新的世界主义的敏感性不仅仅是在抽象层面上阐述的规范性伦理框架,而是在日常生活层面上进行实质性的执行和谈判。回收成为一个和解的场所,允许新加坡的佛教徒在世俗国家的限制下促进和协商他们的生态意识。这样做,它开辟了后资本主义可能性的新空间,使佛教徒能够与其他信仰或没有信仰的人一起想象居住在地球上的其他方式。通过在佛教宇宙论的基础上发展对世界主义的另一种解释,我们将佛教确定为一个非殖民化的镜头,通过它,我们可以批判性地重新想象人类与生态的关系,并阐明在这个生态危机时代道德成为的各种模式和实践。
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引用次数: 0
Rage as a political emotion 愤怒是一种政治情绪
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12649
Mustafa Dikeç
Abstract George Floyd's murder by a white policeman has sparked the largest urban uprising in US cities since the 1960s. By contextualising this wave of uprisings in the broader context of similar uprisings in twenty‐first‐century US cities, this paper shows that such an uprising has long been in the making with the violence, murders and revolts that have marked US cities since the turn of the century. My argument in this paper is against the pathological framing of these uprisings that evokes the alleged irrational anger of those who participate in the uprisings and the bad behaviour of a few police officers. Such a framing directs attention away from the structural violence that is at the source of these uprisings, and perpetuates racialised images of those who participate in the uprisings as irrational and impulsive. These uprisings, I argue, are not the actions of irrationally angry individuals mindlessly following the crowds; they cannot be reduced to gratuitous looting and burning, and they are not triggered by some police officers behaving badly. The sources of this urban rage lie in systematic, mostly unchecked, violence. The rage that erupts in these uprisings is a political emotion guided by cognition and judgements about right and wrong, just and unjust, rather than a pathological reaction spurred by uncontrollable impulses. It is a deliberate response to white contempt and the violence associated with it.
乔治·弗洛伊德被一名白人警察谋杀,引发了自20世纪60年代以来美国城市最大规模的城市起义。通过将这波起义浪潮置于21世纪美国城市类似起义的更广泛背景下,本文表明,自世纪之交以来,美国城市的暴力、谋杀和叛乱一直在酝酿中。我在本文中的论点是反对这些起义的病态框架,它唤起了那些参与起义的人所谓的非理性愤怒和少数警察的不良行为。这样的框架将人们的注意力从这些起义的根源结构性暴力上引开,并使那些参与起义的人的种族化形象成为非理性和冲动的。我认为,这些起义不是非理性愤怒的个人盲目追随人群的行为;它们不能被简化为无端的抢劫和焚烧,它们也不是由一些警察的恶劣行为引发的。这种城市愤怒的根源在于系统性的、大多未受控制的暴力。在这些起义中爆发的愤怒是一种由对与错、正义与非正义的认知和判断引导的政治情感,而不是由无法控制的冲动激发的病态反应。这是对白人的蔑视和与之相关的暴力的刻意回应。
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引用次数: 0
Land, property, and territory: Mutual embeddedness as understood by the tongbian philosophy 土地、财产和领土:通便哲学所理解的相互嵌入
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12643
Wing‐Shing Tang, Rupali Gupte, Prasad Shetty, Solomon Benjamin
Abstract The dominant tone of the literature on land's territorial politics misses conceptual complexities by neglecting historical constructions of land practices. An alternative understanding intertwines social and political elements emphasised in the non‐dualistic, beyond dialectics, tongbian philosophy. This views everything as consisting of two mutually embedded, opposite poles—different yet without alienation; set in a ceaseless interaction as processes of becoming, continuity and change. The concept of focus–field relationship via a spatial story deciphers complexities between viewing land as territory (LaT) and land as property (LaP). Mobilising this formulation in sites of intensive real estate change (Hong Kong's Sham Shui Po and Mumbai's Malad) reveals subtleties of historical antecedents shaping contemporary forces. Here, complex institutional entanglements reveal both diachronic and synchronic interactions wherein the dynamics of control, shifts in power, growth or decline in time and space co‐join LaT and LaP. Such political complexities question views of land's transformation being contingent on archaic ideas of the Westphalian state and uni‐polar framings of capital moving from the North to the South. The tongbian philosophy allows the exploring of ideas of difference without alienation, embracing epistemic and ontological equivalence in theory and fieldwork, and between the North and South—themes seldom taken up in the geographical literature. Finally, the paper proposes a study of land dynamics using the concept of land occupancy via the spatial story approach.
关于土地领土政治的文献的主要基调忽视了土地实践的历史建构,从而忽略了概念的复杂性。另一种理解是将社会和政治因素交织在一起,强调非二元论,超越辩证法,通便哲学。这种观点认为,一切都是由两个相互嵌入的、相反的两极组成的——不同但没有异化;设置在一个不断的相互作用的过程,成为,连续性和变化。焦点-场关系的概念通过空间故事解读了将土地视为领土(LaT)和土地视为财产(LaP)之间的复杂性。在房地产剧烈变化的地区(香港的深水埗和孟买的马拉德)运用这一公式,揭示了塑造当代力量的历史先例的微妙之处。在这里,复杂的制度纠缠揭示了历时和共时的相互作用,其中控制的动态、权力的转移、时间和空间的增长或下降共同连接了LaT和LaP。这种政治复杂性质疑了土地转型取决于威斯特伐利亚国家和资本从北方向南方转移的单极框架的古老观念的观点。通边哲学允许在不异化的情况下探索差异思想,在理论和田野调查中拥抱认识论和本体论的等同,在南北之间-这些主题在地理文献中很少被提及。最后,本文提出利用土地占用的概念,通过空间故事方法研究土地动力学。
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引用次数: 0
Practising future‐making: Anticipation and translocal politics of Tesla's Gigafactory in Shanghai as assemblage 实践未来制造:特斯拉上海超级工厂组装的预期与跨地域政治
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12645
Xiao Han, Weidong Liu, Tianhe Jiang
Abstract Human geographers are increasingly concerned with how ‘futures’ are imagined and rendered governable, yet mostly their methods lack the sensitivity to explore the functioning of complex relations between heterogeneous actors across places. The world's electric vehicle (EV) sector is booming, presaging a widely expected decarbonised future, associated with a restructuring of the automobile industry as anticipated by proactive players. This paper interrogates the spatiality and politics of the EV future‐making through disentangling the translocal practices involved in realising Tesla's Gigafactory in Shanghai (TGS) as assemblage. Informed by interviews with industrial insiders and opensource information in Chinese and English, the article finds that, first, TGS's imagined future embodies a multiplicity of interdependent but divergent expectations, the coherence of which underlies the formation and operation of the TGS assemblage by virtue of the concerted actions of its member‐actors. Second, such coherence is conditional as designed by TGS's central planners—namely, Tesla and Chinese government agencies at central and local levels—for their differentiated but overlapping interests. The TGS's imagined future is rendered actionable, enrolling other agents at certain moments, through anticipatory practices of regulatory changes, strategic arrangements interweaving land and financing, firm acquisition and intra‐firm reorganisation linking up places in and outside China, as well as the selection of key suppliers and technological use of critical raw materials. Concluding after a sketch on the TGS's ‘possible futures’ and broader implications, the paper contributes an assemblage‐informed approach to disentangle futuremaking practices and generates timely insights into the ‘future‐oriented’ restructuring of the automobile industry.
人文地理学家越来越关注“未来”是如何被想象和呈现为可治理的,但他们的方法大多缺乏探索跨地区异质行动者之间复杂关系功能的敏感性。全球电动汽车(EV)行业正在蓬勃发展,预示着人们普遍预期的脱碳未来,与汽车行业的重组有关,正如积极参与者所预期的那样。本文通过对特斯拉上海超级工厂(TGS)的跨地域实践的梳理,探讨了电动汽车未来制造的空间性和政治性。通过对业内人士的采访和中英文开源信息,本文发现,首先,TGS的想象未来体现了相互依存但又不同的期望的多样性,这些期望的一致性是TGS组合通过其成员-行动者的协调行动而形成和运作的基础。其次,这种一致性是由TGS的中央规划者——即特斯拉和中国中央和地方政府机构——设计的条件,因为他们的利益不同但重叠。TGS设想的未来是可行的,在某些时刻,通过监管变化的预期实践,土地和融资交织的战略安排,企业收购和连接中国境内外的企业内部重组,以及关键供应商的选择和关键原材料的技术使用,招募其他代理商。在概述了TGS的“可能的未来”和更广泛的影响之后,本文提供了一种组合信息方法来理清未来制造实践,并及时洞察汽车行业的“未来导向”重组。
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引用次数: 0
‘Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world’: And what's economic geography going to do about it? “世界陷入无政府状态”:经济地理学对此能做些什么呢?
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12644
Trevor Barnes
The paper is a critical commentary of Henry Yeung's paper, ‘Troubling economic geography: new directions in the post-pandemic world’. It argues that Yeung's (2023) paper does not go far enough in considering the consequences for economic geography of the crises that he considers. No data was used in this paper.
这篇论文是对Henry Yeung的论文《令人不安的经济地理:大流行后世界的新方向》的一篇批判性评论。它认为,Yeung(2023)的论文在考虑他所考虑的危机对经济地理学的影响方面做得不够。本文未使用任何数据。
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引用次数: 1
‘Whispered in corridors’: Intra‐national politics and practices of knowledge production in South African Human Geography “走廊里的耳语”:南非人文地理学的国家内部政治和知识生产实践
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12640
Daniel Hammett, Gijsbert Hoogendoorn, Mukovhe Masutha
Abstract Reflections on the state of Geography around the globe have noted multiple challenges and opportunities—including a call for the reconfiguring of the discipline as a critical space of care and praxis (Daya, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 47, 9, 2022). Such a call is indelibly connected to broader conversations on the politics of knowledge production and critical engagements with cultures of knowledge production. In order to realise the reconfiguring of the discipline, it is imperative to engage with the multi‐scalar politics and practices of knowledge production, to look beyond global inequalities and critically examine the intra‐national inequities and structural biases of knowledge production. Through a focus on South African Human Geography and detailed analysis of publication data and interviews with staff at universities across the country, we critically examine how the ‘haunting’ of apartheid legacies contributes to a double‐peripheralisation of staff at historically disadvantaged institutions while critical conversations remain ‘whispered in corridors’. This more granular engagement with the politics and practices of knowledge production highlights the entwining of intra‐ and inter‐national privilege which produces a mosaic of ‘cores’ and ‘peripheries’ in the uneven landscape of knowledge production that requires critical scholars to engage with on multiple scales in order to realise a more just and equitable knowledge economy.
对全球地理现状的反思已经注意到多重挑战和机遇——包括呼吁将该学科重新配置为一个关注和实践的关键空间(Daya,英国地理学家学会学报,47,9,2022)。这样的呼吁不可避免地与更广泛的关于知识生产政治的对话以及与知识生产文化的批判性接触联系在一起。为了实现学科的重新配置,必须参与知识生产的多尺度政治和实践,超越全球不平等,批判性地审视国家内部的不平等和知识生产的结构性偏见。通过对南非人文地理的关注,对出版数据的详细分析以及对全国大学工作人员的采访,我们批判性地研究了种族隔离遗产的“萦绕”如何导致历史上处于不利地位的机构的工作人员的双重边缘化,而关键的对话仍然“在走廊里低语”。这种对知识生产的政治和实践的更细致的参与强调了国内和国际特权的交织,这些特权在知识生产的不平衡景观中产生了“核心”和“边缘”的马赛克,这需要批判性的学者在多个尺度上参与,以实现更公正和公平的知识经济。
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引用次数: 0
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