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A participatory waste policy reform for the hotel sector: evidence of a progressive Pay-As-You-Throw tariff 酒店部门的参与性废物政策改革:累进的按垃圾量付费关税的证据
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2273760
Eugenio Diaz-Farina, Juan J. Díaz-Hernández, Noemi Padrón-Fumero
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引用次数: 0
How can restaurants entice patrons to order environmentally sustainable dishes? Testing new approaches based on hedonic psychology and affective forecasting theory 餐馆如何吸引顾客点环保的菜?测试基于享乐心理学和情感预测理论的新方法
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2274283
David Fechner, Marion Karl, Bettina Grün, Sara Dolnicar
Encouraging restaurant guests to order vegetarian dishes plays a key role in creating a more environmentally sustainable tourism sector. However, for many consumers eating a meat dish is an important aspect of their enjoyment-focused restaurant experience. Identifying new approaches that support restaurants in selling more vegetarian dishes are urgently needed. Drawing from hedonic psychology and affective forecasting theory, this study tests two interventions aimed at directing ordering towards specific vegetarian dishes in a scenario-based survey experiment with 742 consumers. Results show the potential of affective forecasting as a promising psychological mechanism. Displaying an appetising picture of a vegetarian dish on a menu increases stated ordering of the dish because the picture directs consumer attention to the dish and triggers them to imagine eating the dish. Consumers who imagine eating the dish feel stronger anticipated enjoyment of eating it. Adding to the picture an invitation to imagine eating the dish does not further increase the effect. This study explains the psychological mechanism of how a picture of an appetising vegetarian dish changes food choices and provides restaurants with a cost-effective measure to direct ordering towards more environmentally sustainable dishes.
鼓励餐厅客人点素食对于创造一个更环保的可持续旅游部门至关重要。然而,对于许多消费者来说,吃肉是他们注重享受的餐厅体验的一个重要方面。迫切需要找到新的方法来支持餐馆销售更多的素食菜肴。根据享乐心理学和情感预测理论,本研究对742名消费者进行了基于场景的调查实验,测试了两种干预措施,旨在引导人们点餐特定的素食。结果表明,情感预测作为一种有前景的心理机制具有潜力。在菜单上展示素菜的开胃图片会增加顾客对这道菜的预定,因为图片会把顾客的注意力吸引到这道菜上,让他们想象自己正在吃这道菜。想象着吃这道菜的消费者对吃这道菜的期待更强。在图片中加入一个想象吃这道菜的邀请并不会进一步增加效果。这项研究解释了一幅诱人的素食图片如何改变食物选择的心理机制,并为餐馆提供了一种经济有效的措施,让他们直接点餐,选择更环保的菜。
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引用次数: 0
Drivers of social innovation for tourism enterprises: a study on lifestyle entrepreneurship 旅游企业社会创新驱动力:基于生活方式创业的研究
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2272221
Álvaro Dias, Beatriz Palacios-Florencio, Rob Hallak
AbstractThe importance of tourism lifestyle entrepreneurs (TLEs) for the sustainability and competitiveness of tourism destinations has gained much attention from academic researchers and policy makers. A key characteristic of TLEs is their social ties and attachment to the physical and social environment, this in turn drives motivations to support and protect the destination that enables entrepreneurs to achieve their lifestyle goals. Thus, the interdependencies between TLEs and destination is a catalyst for value co-creation and social innovation (i.e., generating and implementing new solutions to social problems and needs). While the extant research has focused on business’ financial performance outcomes, our understanding of the drivers of TLE social innovation and the implications for the sustainability of tourism-based communities remains a major gap. This study analyzes survey data through PLS-SEM and fsQCA to identify the factors influencing TLEs social innovation activities. Findings suggest that 1) value co-creation, and 2) TLE proactiveness directly influence social innovation, and support a mediation effect on the relationship between the businesses’ market orientation and social innovation practices. These finding introduce new knowledge on the drivers of TLE social innovation, with practical implications for local governments and destination authorities in supporting the sustainability of destinations.Keywords: Social innovationtourism lifestyle entrepreneurssustainabilityco-creationentrepreneurship Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, grant UIDB/00315/2020.Notes on contributorsÁlvaro DiasÁlvaro Lopes Dias Professor of Tourism, marketing and Entrepreneurship at ISCTE-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal. He holds two Ph.Ds. one in Management and Marketing and another in Tourism, Postdoctoral studies in Management, MSc in Strategy, and MBA in International Business. He has over 26 years of teaching experience. He has had several visiting positions in different countries and institutions including Brazil, Angola, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Poland, and Finland. Professor Dias has produced extensive research in the field of Tourism and Management. His work has published Current Issues in Tourism, J. Sustainable Tourism, J. Brand Management or Bus. Process Management J.Beatriz Palacios-FlorencioBeatriz Palacios Florencio PhD in Business Economics, Graduate in Business Studies, Degree in Marketing Research and Techniques (Marketing) and Master in Strategic Management and International Business, University of Seville. She is Associate Professor of Marketing at the Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Seville). She specializes in two complementary areas of research related to teaching and services marketing. Regarding the first one, she has participated and is the author of case studies promoted by projects of the University of
摘要旅游生活方式企业家(TLEs)对旅游目的地的可持续性和竞争力的重要性已经引起了学术界和决策者的广泛关注。TLEs的一个关键特征是他们的社会联系和对物质和社会环境的依恋,这反过来又推动了支持和保护目的地的动机,使企业家能够实现他们的生活方式目标。因此,TLEs和目的地之间的相互依赖关系是价值共同创造和社会创新的催化剂(即,为社会问题和需求产生和实施新的解决方案)。虽然现有的研究主要集中在企业的财务绩效结果上,但我们对TLE社会创新的驱动因素及其对旅游社区可持续性的影响的理解仍然存在重大差距。本研究通过PLS-SEM和fsQCA对调查数据进行分析,找出影响TLEs社会创新活动的因素。研究结果表明:1)价值共同创造和2)TLE主动性直接影响社会创新,并支持企业市场导向与社会创新实践之间的中介效应。这些发现为旅游业社会创新的驱动因素提供了新的知识,对地方政府和旅游目的地当局支持旅游目的地的可持续性具有实际意义。关键字:社会创新旅游生活方式企业家可持续发展共同创造企业家披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突附加信息资金资助本工作由funda o para a Ciência ea tecologia资助,资助号:UIDB/00315/2020。关于contributorsÁlvaro DiasÁlvaro葡萄牙里斯本ISCTE-IUL旅游、市场营销和创业学Lopes Dias教授的说明。他有两个博士学位。一个是管理与市场营销,一个是旅游,管理学博士后,战略硕士,国际商务MBA。他有超过26年的教学经验。他曾在巴西、安哥拉、西班牙、沙特阿拉伯、波兰和芬兰等不同国家和机构担任访问职务。迪亚斯教授在旅游和管理领域进行了广泛的研究。他的著作包括《旅游时事》、《可持续旅游》、《品牌管理或巴士》。西班牙塞维利亚大学商业经济学博士、商学硕士、市场研究与技术(市场营销)学位、战略管理与国际商务硕士。她是Pablo de Olavide大学(塞维利亚)市场营销学副教授。她专注于教学和服务营销两个互补的研究领域。关于第一个,她参与并撰写了塞维利亚大学项目关于案例教学法的案例研究。在服务营销领域,她的研究课题是旅游行业的企业社会责任。她是国内和国际期刊上科学文章的作者和审稿人。Rob Hallak博士(博士,GAICD)是南澳大利亚大学管理学副教授。他在旅游业的创业和商业表现方面的专业知识得到国际认可。他撰写或合作撰写了70多篇出版物,包括期刊文章,书籍章节,会议论文和行业报告。他著有《旅游企业管理:创业、成长和韧性》一书,英国CABI出版社出版。
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引用次数: 0
The role of frame resonance in resistance to touristification: how Amsterdam came to ban tourist shops from its inner city 框架共振在抵制旅游化中的作用:阿姆斯特丹如何在其内城禁止旅游商店
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2262166
Iris Hagemans, Bas Spierings, Jesse J. Weltevreden, Pieter Hooimeijer
Recent studies on urban policy responses to increasing tourism have moved beyond the physical impact of tourism to also include the way tourism is framed by social movements. This paper contributes to this line of research with a focus on frame resonance: the extent to which frames strike a responsive chord with the public in general and policymakers in particular. We introduce a specific form of frame amplification through cultural resonance; the appeal to pre-existing societal beliefs. Using an analysis of policy documents, print, online and social media, we demonstrate that frames around tourist shops in Amsterdam appealed to pre-existing beliefs that portray the inner city as: a delicate mix of functions, an infrastructure for criminal activities, and a business card reflecting the city’s quality of place. These beliefs amplified frame resonance to such an extent that they convinced an initially reluctant local government to ban tourist shops from the inner city, a policy that undermines the accessibility and inclusivity of urban spaces that the local government aims to promote (SDG 11). This suggests that the contingencies in the local context that enable or foreclose the cultural resonance of frames are essential in understanding policy responses to touristification.
最近关于城市政策对日益增长的旅游业的反应的研究已经超越了旅游业的实际影响,还包括社会运动对旅游业的影响。本文对这一研究方向做出了贡献,重点关注框架共鸣:框架在多大程度上引起了公众尤其是政策制定者的共鸣。我们通过文化共鸣引入一种特定的框架放大形式;对既存的社会信仰的呼吁。通过对政策文件、印刷品、网络和社交媒体的分析,我们证明了阿姆斯特丹旅游商店周围的框架吸引了先前存在的信念,这些信念将内城描绘成:一个功能的微妙组合,一个犯罪活动的基础设施,一个反映城市质量的名片。这些信念放大了框架共鸣,以至于他们说服了最初不情愿的地方政府在市中心禁止旅游商店,这一政策破坏了地方政府旨在促进的城市空间的可达性和包容性(可持续发展目标11)。这表明,在当地环境中,促成或阻止框架的文化共鸣的偶然性对于理解对旅游的政策反应至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding protected areas: a case for repairing intergenerational social capital rather than taking the path of least resistance 扩大保护区:修复代际社会资本,而不是走阻力最小的道路
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2270624
Camila Rojas, B. Bynum Boley, Leon Mach, Jesse B. Abrams
AbstractWith many international entities pushing for the protection of 30% of terrestrial and marine habitat by 2030 through the 30x30 global initiative, the expansion of protected areas (PA) will inevitably interface with populations carrying lived experiences of PA management as well as their community’s collective memory of how the promises and outcomes of previous PA establishments materialized. One community recently experiencing a government’s desire to expand a PA is the Ngöbe Indigenous community of Salt Creek, located in and around the Bastimentos Island National Marine Park in Bocas del Toro, Panama. This qualitative case study applies an intergenerational social capital lens to demonstrate that time does not heal past grievances with park administration as broken social capital is a type of intergenerational trauma. It is suggested that repairing social capital is vital to achieving future sustainable tourism and global PA targets but will be a long and intentional process to overcome the collective memory of broken promises. While governments may find it expedient to expand PAs in areas with less resistance, we suggest the investment in repairing social capital will likely lead to better social and environmental outcomes and better align with the ethos of sustainable tourism and collaborative governance.Keywords: Protected areascollaborative governancesocial capitalcommunity tourism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingStudy funded by UGA’s Latin America and Caribbean Studies Institute’s (LACSI) Tinker Foundation Graduate Field Research Award.
随着许多国际实体通过“30x30全球倡议”推动到2030年保护30%的陆地和海洋栖息地,保护区(PA)的扩张将不可避免地与拥有PA管理生活经验的人群以及他们的社区对先前PA建立的承诺和成果如何实现的集体记忆相关联。最近有一个社区正在经历政府扩大PA的愿望,那就是Ngöbe Salt Creek原住民社区,它位于巴拿马Bocas del Toro的Bastimentos岛国家海洋公园内及其周围。这一定性案例研究运用代际社会资本的视角来证明,时间并不能治愈过去对公园管理的不满,因为破碎的社会资本是一种代际创伤。作者建议,修复社会资本对于实现未来可持续旅游和全球PA目标至关重要,但这将是一个长期和有意的过程,以克服对未兑现承诺的集体记忆。虽然政府可能会发现在阻力较小的地区扩大pa是权宜之计,但我们建议投资于修复社会资本可能会带来更好的社会和环境结果,并更好地符合可持续旅游和协作治理的精神。关键词:保护区协同治理社会资本社区旅游披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突资助研究由佐治亚大学的拉丁美洲和加勒比研究所(LACSI)修补器基金会研究生实地研究奖资助。
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引用次数: 0
How tourists’ negative and positive emotions motivate their intentions to reduce food waste 游客的消极和积极情绪如何激发他们减少食物浪费的意图
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2264539
Syed Muhammad Fazal-e-Hasan, Gary Mortimer, Hormoz Ahmadi, Muhammad Abid, Omar Farooque, Ali Amrollahi
Food waste significantly contributes to complex socioeconomic and environmental problems. The tourism sector is not immune to these sustainability challenges. This research examines how both negative and positive emotions build tourists’ intentions to reduce food waste. The study employs two experiments and a survey to establish causality among the key constructs and test the nomological network of those constructs. Results demonstrate a causal relationship between guilt, regret and hope and how these constructs interplay to explain the impact of a tourist’s perceptions of potential cost and harm from not implementing food waste-reduction practices. Additionally, four tourist categories are developed using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The results of fsQCA identify different configurations of tourists who seek to reduce food waste. This study encourages tourism operators to leverage positive emotions, such as hope, in marketing communications to encourage food waste reduction. A key contribution of this work is the examination of the variable of ‘hope’, and its effect in the context of food waste behaviour among tourists. This is the first study to examine how the interaction between tourists’ negative (guilt and regret) and positive (hope) emotions motivates their intentions to reduce food waste.
食物浪费在很大程度上造成了复杂的社会经济和环境问题。旅游业也不能幸免于这些可持续性挑战。本研究考察了消极情绪和积极情绪如何影响游客减少食物浪费的意愿。本研究采用两个实验和问卷调查的方法来建立关键构念之间的因果关系,并检验这些构念之间的逻辑网络。结果表明,内疚、后悔和希望之间存在因果关系,以及这些结构如何相互作用,以解释游客对不实施减少食物浪费措施的潜在成本和危害的看法的影响。此外,利用模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)划分出4类游客。fsQCA的结果确定了寻求减少食物浪费的游客的不同配置。本研究鼓励旅游经营者在营销传播中利用积极情绪(如希望)来鼓励减少食物浪费。这项工作的一个关键贡献是对“希望”变量的检验,以及它在游客食物浪费行为背景下的影响。这是第一个研究游客消极情绪(内疚和后悔)和积极情绪(希望)之间的相互作用如何激发他们减少食物浪费的意图的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Do we have to know the hen that lays the eggs? How the disclosure timing of robot chef identity affects consumer perceived ethicality 我们一定要知道是哪只母鸡下蛋吗?机器人厨师身份的披露时间如何影响消费者的道德感知
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2266781
Dong Hong Zhu, Wen Qi Zhang
AbstractAlthough large numbers of robot chefs have entered the restaurant industry, most restaurants using robot chefs do not disclose this information to consumers. Traditionally, human chefs are not identified. Since previous studies have demonstrated that consumers are reluctant to accept food cooked by robot chefs, not disclosing the identity of robot chefs seems to be a strategy for restaurants to increase customer patronage. However, the long-term impact of non-disclosure chef identity before consumption decisions on robotic restaurant development remains unclear. This study focuses on an important sustainability metric—business ethics. The results show that although the disclosure timing of human chefs has no effect, disclosing robot chef identity after (vs. before) consumption decisions reduces consumer perceived ethicality and thus decreases continuance patronage intention (Study 1), even if consumers are satisfied with the quality of food consumed (Study 2). Deception feeling plays a mediating role (Study 2). In addition, when consumers’ certainty of food quality before purchase is high, the robot chef identity disclosure timing will not affect consumer perceived ethicality (Study 3). This study extends research on robot chefs, robot ethics and signaling theory, and also provides implications for restaurant managers and policymakers.Keywords: Certaintyconsumer perceived ethicalitydeception feelingfood qualityidentity disclosurerobot chef Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China: [Grant Number 71972080].
虽然大量的机器人厨师已经进入餐饮行业,但大多数使用机器人厨师的餐厅并没有向消费者透露这些信息。传统上,人类厨师是不确定的。由于之前的研究表明,消费者不愿意接受机器人厨师烹饪的食物,因此不透露机器人厨师的身份似乎是餐馆增加顾客光顾的一种策略。然而,在消费决策之前不披露厨师身份对机器人餐厅发展的长期影响尚不清楚。本研究聚焦于一个重要的可持续性指标——商业道德。结果表明,尽管人类厨师的披露时间没有影响,但即使消费者对所消费的食品质量感到满意(研究2),在消费决策后(与之前)披露机器人厨师身份也会降低消费者的感知道德,从而降低持续惠顾意愿(研究1)。欺骗感起中介作用(研究2)。此外,当消费者在购买前对食品质量的确定性较高时,机器人厨师的身份披露时间不会影响消费者的感知道德(研究3)。本研究扩展了机器人厨师、机器人伦理和信号理论的研究,并为餐厅管理者和政策制定者提供了启示。关键词:确定性消费者感知道德欺骗感觉食品质量身份披露机器人厨师披露声明作者声明他们没有已知的竞争经济利益或个人关系可能会影响本文所报道的工作。本研究得到国家自然科学基金资助:[批准号:71972080]。
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引用次数: 0
Women empowerment in peer-to-peer accommodation settings: perspectives of female Airbnb hosts 点对点住宿环境中的女性赋权:爱彼迎女性房东的视角
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2262782
Fani Efthymiadou, Anna Farmaki
AbstractDespite the growing number of studies on women empowerment in tourism, the topic has received scant attention in the expanding sector of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation. This paper sets out to explore the perceptions of female Airbnb hosts regarding the ways in which hosting on the platform contributes to their empowerment. Semi-structured interviews with 30 female hosts located in Greece were undertaken, using purposive sampling. Study findings reveal that women empowerment through hosting is achieved varyingly by female hosts, with several factors influencing the process. A framework of women empowerment through hosting is provided to illustrate the conditions, process and outcomes of women empowerment through hosting. Study findings provide significant theoretical insights which may serve as a point of departure for further research into this under-researched topic. Findings also make a practical contribution as they enable policymakers and industry practitioners to improve gender equality, which is essential for sustainable development.Keywords: Women empowermentpeer-to-peer accommodationAirbnbfemale hosts Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
摘要尽管对旅游业中女性赋权的研究越来越多,但这个话题在不断扩大的点对点住宿领域却很少受到关注。本文旨在探讨女性爱彼迎房东对平台上的托管有助于她们赋权的方式的看法。采用目的性抽样,对30位希腊女性主持人进行了半结构化访谈。研究结果表明,女性主持人通过主持赋予妇女权力的方式各不相同,有几个因素影响这一过程。提供了一个通过主持赋予妇女权力的框架,以说明通过主持赋予妇女权力的条件、过程和结果。研究结果提供了重要的理论见解,可以作为进一步研究这一研究不足的主题的出发点。调查结果还作出了实际贡献,因为它们使决策者和行业从业者能够改善性别平等,这对可持续发展至关重要。关键词:女性赋权点对点住宿airbnb女房东披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Stakeholders’ involvement in an evidence-based sustainable tourism plan 利益相关者参与循证可持续旅游计划
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2259117
Kim Pham, Kathleen L. Andereck, Christine A. Vogt
AbstractSustainable tourism planning is recommended for destination governance to ensure long-term development that balances the impacts of tourism on a community, especially in overtourism contexts. This study examines a sustainable tourism planning process focusing specifically on stakeholder involvement and the use of co-created evidence. A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework (MSIM) for sustainable tourism was applied to examine its fit to a rigorous case study. The study enhances the MSIM framework, featuring three stages from scene-setting, management of stakeholder involvement, to assessment. The new framework details objectives and tools for each step, and influential factors in managing stakeholders’ involvement. A significant enhancement is the extensive incorporation of evidence into the framework for different purposes (eg developing management policies, plan objectives and implementation tactics, evaluating stakeholders’ involvement). Multiple stakeholders participated in producing and using a variety of evidence throughout the planning process to provide a foundation for planning. This study is one of the first in sustainable tourism to examine evidence as a component of a broad framework to manage stakeholder involvement. It shows the usefulness, position, and dynamic of evidence in destination management.Keywords: Stakeholderstourism policycase studydestination managementmonitoringovertourism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
摘要可持续旅游规划建议用于旅游目的地治理,以确保长期发展,平衡旅游业对社区的影响,特别是在过度旅游的背景下。本研究考察了可持续旅游规划过程,特别关注利益相关者的参与和共同创造证据的使用。应用可持续旅游的多利益相关者参与管理框架(MSIM)来检查其是否适合严格的案例研究。本研究以场景设定、利益相关者参与管理、评估三个阶段为特色,强化了MSIM框架。新的框架详细说明了每个步骤的目标和工具,以及管理利益相关者参与的影响因素。一个重要的改进是将证据广泛地纳入不同目的的框架(例如制定管理政策、计划目标和实施策略、评估利益相关者的参与)。在整个规划过程中,多个利益相关者参与制作和使用各种证据,为规划提供基础。本研究是可持续旅游业中首次将证据作为管理利益相关者参与的广泛框架的组成部分进行研究的研究之一。它显示了证据在目的地管理中的有用性、地位和动态性。关键词:利益相关者旅游政策案例研究目的地管理监测政府旅游披露声明作者未发现潜在的利益冲突
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引用次数: 0
Visitors’ willingness to pay for ecosystem conservation in Grenada 游客为格林纳达生态系统保护买单的意愿
2区 管理学 Q2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2023.2259119
Peter W. Schuhmann, Prosper Bangwayo-Skeete, Ryan Skeete, Alana N. Seaman, Donald C. Barnes
AbstractUnderstanding visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) for natural ecosystems can assist policymakers in managing the environmental assets that form the foundation of nature-based tourism. To earn the highest economic return from limited budgetary resources, tourist-dependent destinations must identify sustainable sources of conservation funding and prioritize spending across ecosystems and initiatives. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential for visitor donations to serve as a source of conservation funding and investigate preferences and willingness to pay for multiple ecosystems concurrently, using data from a stated preference survey administered in Grenada, a small island state in the southern Caribbean that relies on nature-based tourism. Results from a discrete choice experiment and a contingent valuation exercise reveal a reluctance to donate to conservation initiatives by more than half of respondents. Visitors place the highest value on improvements to coral reefs, followed by rainforests, mangroves, and beaches. Average willingness to donate to a conservation trust fund ranged from US $8.00 to US $15.00, and from US $17.00 to US $52.00 for conservation plans targeting improvements to specific ecosystems. Few factors are found to be associated with willingness to pay. Scale heterogeneity may be a more significant source of variation than preference heterogeneity.Keywords: Willingness to paycontingent valuationdiscrete choice experimentecosystem conservationGrenadatourism Disclosure statementThe authors report there are no competing interests to declare.Notes1 Johnston et al. (Citation2017) recommend the use of a single, binary-choice WTP question for the valuation of public goods using CVM to maintain incentive compatibility.2 Survey participation was voluntary. No identifying information was collected from respondents. An introductory informed consent script informed respondents of the anonymous and confidential nature of the survey and their freedom to end the survey or refuse to answer any questions. Written consent was provided by respondents through survey completion.3 The D-efficient choice experiment design was created in SAS using the %choiceff and %mktblock macros (Kuhfeld, Citation2002).4 MXL models were specified with normal distributions and estimated using a panel specification using 500 draws from a Halton sequence. All regression analyses performed using NLOGIT 6.5 The CVM exercise was presented earlier in the survey and is shorter and less burdensome than the DCE.6 The weight command in SAS 9.4 was used to calculate weighted descriptive statistics and CVM response distributions. For logit regression analyses of CVM and DCE response data, sampling weights were applied using the ;wts specification in NLOGIT version 6, where weights were calculated using the subsample of completed responses for each valuation exercise. All calculations and analyses were also conducted using the unweighted sample, with neglige
摘要了解游客对自然生态系统的支付意愿(WTP)可以帮助决策者管理构成自然旅游基础的环境资产。为了从有限的预算资源中获得最高的经济回报,依赖旅游的目的地必须确定可持续的保护资金来源,并优先考虑跨生态系统和倡议的支出。本研究的目的是评估游客捐赠作为保护资金来源的潜力,并调查同时为多个生态系统付费的偏好和意愿,使用来自格林纳达的一项声明偏好调查的数据,格林纳达是加勒比海南部一个依赖自然旅游的小岛国。一项离散选择实验和一项偶然估值练习的结果显示,超过一半的受访者不愿为保护倡议捐款。游客最看重的是珊瑚礁的改善,其次是雨林、红树林和海滩。向保护信托基金捐款的平均意愿为8.00美元至15.00美元,为改善特定生态系统的保护计划捐款的平均意愿为17.00美元至52.00美元。几乎没有发现与支付意愿相关的因素。规模异质性可能是比偏好异质性更重要的变异来源。关键词:支付意愿或有价值;离散选择实验;生态系统保护;注1 Johnston等人(Citation2017)建议使用单一的二元选择WTP问题来评估使用CVM的公共产品,以保持激励兼容性调查的参与是自愿的。没有收集受访者的身份信息。一份介绍性的知情同意脚本告知受访者调查的匿名性和保密性,以及他们结束调查或拒绝回答任何问题的自由。2 .受访者通过填写问卷提供书面同意D-efficient选择实验设计是在SAS中使用%choiceff和%mktblock宏创建的(Kuhfeld, Citation2002)MXL模型被指定为正态分布,并使用从Halton序列中抽取500个图形的面板规格进行估计。所有的回归分析都使用NLOGIT 6.5。CVM练习在调查的前面介绍,比dce更短,负担更轻。6 SAS 9.4中的权重命令用于计算加权描述性统计和CVM响应分布。对于CVM和DCE响应数据的logit回归分析,使用NLOGIT版本6中的wts规范应用抽样权重,其中使用每个评估练习的完成响应的子样本计算权重。所有的计算和分析都是使用未加权的样本进行的,对结果的影响可以忽略不计。我们提出加权样本结果,以更好地反映格林纳达游客人口的特征和偏好这些“其他”原因大多与游客已经为其他原因捐款,并认为他们已经在格林纳达花了足够的钱有关。8排除抗议零响应,平均WTP增加约1.9美元。这种响应的“汇集”维持了单调性假设,并抑制了最终的WTP估计,因为对汇集的回出价(2美元和25美元)的响应被视为属于下一个最低的出价(1美元和20美元)。见Haab and mcconnell (2002, p. 69).10估计了许多模型规格,包括基本模型(仅费用值),具有选定协变量和费用值的简约模型,以及更复杂的模型,包括使用逐步回归过程估计的规格例如,愿意返回格林纳达的受访者通常也愿意向他人推荐格林纳达,收入较高的受访者往往受教育程度较高,年龄较大,已婚,访问格林纳达的时间较短,并且有更多的加勒比旅行经验。加勒比居民更有可能出于商业目的前往格林纳达,并且有更多的加勒比旅行经验,等等。12这些原籍国和回访的指标变量在所有模型运行中统计上都不显著,因此我们没有将它们包括在我们的结果中就像线性回归模型中的常数项一样,ASCs捕获了不可观察变量对被调查者选择的影响。在不影响其他系数的情况下,为选择加入选项包含两个ASC,比为选择退出选项分配单个ASC提供了更细粒度的选择视图。 14所有模型都是用DCE受访者的完整样本进行估计的,受访者的子样本排除了CVM练习中抗议零受访者的受访者,受访者的子样本排除了在选择实验中没有选择任何保护计划的受访者(那些在所有三个选择面板中选择“两种计划”的受访者)。对这些子样本的分析在相关系数的符号或显著性方面没有产生任何有意义的变化,并且正如预期的那样,导致WTP估计值略高其中错误成分分配给捐赠计划(计划A,计划B)和那些模仿嵌套决策结构的模型-受访者首先决定是否捐赠,如果捐赠,在计划A和计划B之间选择-也进行了估计。系数估计几乎相同,但这些其他结构产生了较低的整体契合度。作者提供的结果RPLCL规范还支持两个首选项组的存在,但没有显示每个类中属性的显著首选项异质性。更复杂的RPLCL没有获得额外的拟合增益。
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Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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