Journal of Transport Geography最新文献

When e-activities meet spatial accessibility: A theoretical framework and empirical space-time thresholds for simulated spatial settings 当电子活动与空间可达性相遇时：模拟空间环境的理论框架和经验时空阈值

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104026

The high penetration of e-activities (e-working, e-shopping, e-leisure) has empowered people to overcome space-time constraints in daily routines, and this trend is growing. Accordingly, new knowledge is sorely needed to incorporate e-activities into accessibility planning and to define new conceptualizations, methods, and quantifiers that recognize digital and in-person accessibility in real life. This paper introduces the framework of “augmented accessibility” and identifies space-time thresholds in which e-activities are more competitive than in-person activities. By being aware of these thresholds, specific policies could be adopted for encouraging people to save travel time and allocate it to reach other in-person destinations, thereby increasing their overall spatial accessibility. At methodological level, time geography concepts and elasticity analysis are combined, estimating space-time thresholds for six simulated spatial settings: from polycentric and compact cases to sprawled and monocentric cases. The results indicate that e-activities are more competitive in sprawled settings and emphasize the relevance of travel directionality (from opportunity hubs to low-density places) for retaining high spatial accessibility levels and increased travel distances. The social and policy implications of space-time thresholds are discussed for each simulated spatial setting by estimating and comparing critical travel distances for different transport modes. The paper closes by discussing aspects related to practical operationalization of the proposed framework, its communicability, interpretability, and usability.

电子活动（电子工作、电子购物、电子休闲）的高度普及使人们能够克服日常工作中的时空限制，而且这种趋势还在不断增长。因此，我们亟需新的知识，将电子活动纳入无障碍规划，并定义新的概念、方法和量化指标，以识别现实生活中的数字和人际无障碍环境。本文介绍了 "增强无障碍 "框架，并确定了电子活动比亲身活动更具竞争力的时空阈值。通过了解这些阈值，可以采取具体政策，鼓励人们节省旅行时间，并将其用于到达其他亲身目的地，从而提高他们的整体空间可达性。在方法论层面，结合时间地理概念和弹性分析，估算了六种模拟空间环境的时空阈值：从多中心和紧凑型情况到无序扩张和单中心情况。结果表明，电子活动在无序扩张的环境中更具竞争力，并强调了旅行方向性（从机会中心到低密度地方）对于保持高空间可达性水平和增加旅行距离的相关性。通过估算和比较不同交通方式的临界旅行距离，讨论了时空阈值对每种模拟空间环境的社会和政策影响。最后，本文讨论了与拟议框架的实际操作、可交流性、可解释性和可用性有关的方面。

{"title":"When e-activities meet spatial accessibility: A theoretical framework and empirical space-time thresholds for simulated spatial settings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high penetration of e-activities (e-working, e-shopping, e-leisure) has empowered people to overcome space-time constraints in daily routines, and this trend is growing. Accordingly, new knowledge is sorely needed to incorporate e-activities into accessibility planning and to define new conceptualizations, methods, and quantifiers that recognize digital and in-person accessibility in real life. This paper introduces the framework of “augmented accessibility” and identifies space-time thresholds in which e-activities are more competitive than in-person activities. By being aware of these thresholds, specific policies could be adopted for encouraging people to save travel time and allocate it to reach other in-person destinations, thereby increasing their overall spatial accessibility. At methodological level, time geography concepts and elasticity analysis are combined, estimating space-time thresholds for six simulated spatial settings: from polycentric and compact cases to sprawled and monocentric cases. The results indicate that e-activities are more competitive in sprawled settings and emphasize the relevance of travel directionality (from opportunity hubs to low-density places) for retaining high spatial accessibility levels and increased travel distances. The social and policy implications of space-time thresholds are discussed for each simulated spatial setting by estimating and comparing critical travel distances for different transport modes. The paper closes by discussing aspects related to practical operationalization of the proposed framework, its communicability, interpretability, and usability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging or separating? Co-accessibility as a measure of potential place-based encounters 连接还是分离？以共同可达性衡量潜在的地方性相遇

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104027

Accessibility is a widely used concept across various disciplines to evaluate the degree to which individuals can reach desired destinations. Conventionally, accessibility is determined by the attractiveness of a destination and the associated travel cost to reach it. However, existing place-based accessibility measures do not differentiate between destinations accessible to individuals from a single demographic group and those accessible to individuals from diverse demographic groups. We propose a measure to assess the potential of distinct destinations to bring different individuals and demographic groups together, defining this property as co-accessibility. We demonstrate how measuring co-accessibility can enhance existing accessibility measures, describe its components, and provide a mathematical formulation for quantifying it. To illustrate the practical application of our measure, we conduct a case study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, comparing the accessibility and co- accessibility of various destinations. This sample case study highlights the complexities and challenges inherent in measuring co-accessibility. Building on existing literature and our analysis results, we discuss the potential implications of co-accessibility, identify key challenges in its assessment, and recommend directions for future research.

可达性是一个广泛应用于各个学科的概念，用于评估个人到达理想目的地的程度。传统上，可达性由目的地的吸引力和到达目的地的相关旅行成本决定。然而，现有的基于地点的可达性衡量标准并未区分单一人口群体的个人可到达的目的地和不同人口群体的个人可到达的目的地。我们提出了一种方法来评估不同目的地将不同个人和人口群体聚集在一起的潜力，并将这一特性定义为共同可达性。我们展示了如何通过测量共同可达性来增强现有的可达性测量方法，描述了其组成部分，并提供了量化它的数学公式。为了说明我们的测量方法的实际应用，我们在荷兰阿姆斯特丹进行了一项案例研究，比较了不同目的地的可达性和共可达性。该案例研究突出了衡量共同可达性所固有的复杂性和挑战性。在现有文献和分析结果的基础上，我们讨论了共同可达性的潜在影响，确定了其评估中的主要挑战，并提出了未来的研究方向。

{"title":"Bridging or separating? Co-accessibility as a measure of potential place-based encounters","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accessibility is a widely used concept across various disciplines to evaluate the degree to which individuals can reach desired destinations. Conventionally, accessibility is determined by the attractiveness of a destination and the associated travel cost to reach it. However, existing place-based accessibility measures do not differentiate between destinations accessible to individuals from a single demographic group and those accessible to individuals from diverse demographic groups. We propose a measure to assess the potential of distinct destinations to bring different individuals and demographic groups together, defining this property as co-accessibility. We demonstrate how measuring co-accessibility can enhance existing accessibility measures, describe its components, and provide a mathematical formulation for quantifying it. To illustrate the practical application of our measure, we conduct a case study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, comparing the accessibility and co- accessibility of various destinations. This sample case study highlights the complexities and challenges inherent in measuring co-accessibility. Building on existing literature and our analysis results, we discuss the potential implications of co-accessibility, identify key challenges in its assessment, and recommend directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“We try our best to follow traffic rules because we don't want Hong Kong people to lose face”: Assimilation from transit to motorcycles among Hong Kong students in Taiwan "我们尽力遵守交通规则，因为我们不想让香港人丢脸：在台湾的香港学生从过境到骑摩托车的同化过程

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104029

Although the transport assimilation experiences of various East-to-West immigrant groups have been studied, those of international students have received little attention. This study explores the transport assimilation process of Hong Kong students in Taiwan, with a focus on their transition from a public transport-orientated society to one centred on motorcycles. Data were collected through secondary sources of news articles and online discussions to understand the context of Hong Kong students' observation of Taiwan's traffic, and then through primary-source interviews with Hong Kong students in Tainan, a typical motorcycle-dominant city in Taiwan. The analysis adopted an inductive, thematic approach guided by the acculturation framework. Results reveal disparities between the transport and traffic cultures of Hong Kong and Taiwan, leading to acculturative stress and the adoption of motorcycles as a primary mode of transport. However, motorcycle riding introduced new acculturative stress due to unwritten traffic norms and local driving behaviours. Job opportunities and long-term plans to stay in Taiwan, as well as the ease of obtaining the licence, were motivations for motorcycle use. Nevertheless, by maintaining their sociocultural competence, such as a strong traffic safety culture, those students may delay transport assimilation or cause transport dissimilation. This study contributes to understanding the mobility of international students and suggests that longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the impact of traffic safety culture on transport assimilation and the interrelationships between motorcycle use and long-term stay in a new society.

虽然人们已经研究过东西方不同移民群体的交通同化经历，但对留学生的交通同化经历关注甚少。本研究探讨了在台湾的香港学生的交通同化过程，重点关注他们从一个以公共交通为导向的社会向一个以摩托车为中心的社会的转变。研究通过新闻报道和网上讨论等二手资料收集数据，以了解香港学生对台湾交通的观察背景，然后在台湾典型的摩托车主导城市台南对香港学生进行一手资料访谈。分析采用了以文化适应框架为指导的归纳式主题方法。结果显示，香港和台湾在交通和运输文化方面存在差异，这导致了文化适应压力和将摩托车作为主要交通工具。然而，由于不成文的交通规范和当地的驾驶行为，骑摩托车又带来了新的文化适应压力。工作机会和留在台湾的长期计划，以及获得驾照的便利性，都是使用摩托车的动机。然而，通过保持社会文化能力，如强烈的交通安全文化，这些学生可能会延迟交通同化或导致交通异化。本研究有助于了解留学生的流动性，并建议需要进行纵向研究，以调查交通安全文化对交通同化的影响，以及摩托车使用与在新社会长期居留之间的相互关系。

{"title":"“We try our best to follow traffic rules because we don't want Hong Kong people to lose face”: Assimilation from transit to motorcycles among Hong Kong students in Taiwan","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the transport assimilation experiences of various East-to-West immigrant groups have been studied, those of international students have received little attention. This study explores the transport assimilation process of Hong Kong students in Taiwan, with a focus on their transition from a public transport-orientated society to one centred on motorcycles. Data were collected through secondary sources of news articles and online discussions to understand the context of Hong Kong students' observation of Taiwan's traffic, and then through primary-source interviews with Hong Kong students in Tainan, a typical motorcycle-dominant city in Taiwan. The analysis adopted an inductive, thematic approach guided by the acculturation framework. Results reveal disparities between the transport and traffic cultures of Hong Kong and Taiwan, leading to acculturative stress and the adoption of motorcycles as a primary mode of transport. However, motorcycle riding introduced new acculturative stress due to unwritten traffic norms and local driving behaviours. Job opportunities and long-term plans to stay in Taiwan, as well as the ease of obtaining the licence, were motivations for motorcycle use. Nevertheless, by maintaining their sociocultural competence, such as a strong traffic safety culture, those students may delay transport assimilation or cause transport dissimilation. This study contributes to understanding the mobility of international students and suggests that longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the impact of traffic safety culture on transport assimilation and the interrelationships between motorcycle use and long-term stay in a new society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a complete method for re-conceptualizing street classification in an urban municipality 为重新构思城市街道分类制定一套完整的方法

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104025

Street classification is crucial in urban and transportation planning. Conventional approaches prioritize car movement, while recent ones emphasize sustainable modes like walking, cycling, and public transport. However, the literature on sustainable street classification remains limited. Hence, this study aims to develop a method for reformulating and evaluating street classification in an urban municipality under sustainability principles.

Four scenarios with varying urban centers and street network classifications are developed: a “do-nothing” scenario and three backcasting scenarios prioritizing sustainable mobility. The method considers factors such as street width, land uses, current classification, public transport and cycling routes, street continuity, and the quality of the urban environment. A two-dimensional matrix (street significance vs. mode priority) is employed to develop new street categories in the backcasting scenarios, with geospatial and network analysis playing a crucial role. These scenarios are then evaluated using multicriteria analysis (REGIME method), incorporating various urban and transportation criteria.

Applied to Kallithea in Athens, Greece, the results show that scenarios proposing new urban centers and readable street classification with traffic calming zones are more efficient. Additionally, they cultivate better conditions for sustainable transportation. This novel method provides valuable insights for policymakers and planners, while contributing to the scientific debate on sustainable mobility planning.

街道分类在城市和交通规划中至关重要。传统的方法优先考虑汽车行驶，而最新的方法则强调步行、骑自行车和公共交通等可持续模式。然而，有关可持续街道分类的文献仍然有限。因此，本研究旨在开发一种方法，用于在可持续原则下重新制定和评估城市街道分类。本研究开发了四种不同城市中心和街道网络分类的情景：一种 "无 "情景和三种优先考虑可持续交通的逆向预测情景。该方法考虑了街道宽度、土地用途、当前分类、公共交通和自行车路线、街道连续性以及城市环境质量等因素。该方法采用了一个二维矩阵（街道重要性与交通方式优先级）来制定后向预测方案中的新街道类别，其中地理空间和网络分析起到了至关重要的作用。结果表明，在希腊雅典的卡利西亚（Kallithea），提出新城市中心和可读街道分类以及交通疏导区的方案更有效。此外，它们还为可持续交通创造了更好的条件。这种新颖的方法为政策制定者和规划者提供了宝贵的见解，同时也为有关可持续交通规划的科学讨论做出了贡献。

{"title":"Development of a complete method for re-conceptualizing street classification in an urban municipality","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street classification is crucial in urban and transportation planning. Conventional approaches prioritize car movement, while recent ones emphasize sustainable modes like walking, cycling, and public transport. However, the literature on sustainable street classification remains limited. Hence, this study aims to develop a method for reformulating and evaluating street classification in an urban municipality under sustainability principles.</div><div>Four scenarios with varying urban centers and street network classifications are developed: a “do-nothing” scenario and three backcasting scenarios prioritizing sustainable mobility. The method considers factors such as street width, land uses, current classification, public transport and cycling routes, street continuity, and the quality of the urban environment. A two-dimensional matrix (street significance vs. mode priority) is employed to develop new street categories in the backcasting scenarios, with geospatial and network analysis playing a crucial role. These scenarios are then evaluated using multicriteria analysis (REGIME method), incorporating various urban and transportation criteria.</div><div>Applied to Kallithea in Athens, Greece, the results show that scenarios proposing new urban centers and readable street classification with traffic calming zones are more efficient. Additionally, they cultivate better conditions for sustainable transportation. This novel method provides valuable insights for policymakers and planners, while contributing to the scientific debate on sustainable mobility planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The elephant in the room: Long-haul air services and climate change 房间里的大象长途航空服务与气候变化

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104022

This paper extends previous research that has examined the impact of banning (super) short-haul flights on climate change. Looking at all scheduled passenger flights worldwide, our results confirm that policies focused on super short-haul flights would have very limited climate benefits. Flights of less than 500 km account for 26.7 % of flights but only 5.2 % of fuel burnt, while flights of 4000 km or more account for just 5.1 % of flights, but 39.0 % of fuel burnt. When the results are broken down by region and country, it appears that the share of fuel burnt by long-haul flights varies according to social, political, economic and geographical factors, including remoteness. While fuel burnt is highly correlated with GDP at the country level, this is less true for long-haul flights, arguably because long-haul services are so geographically selective that not all countries can be expected to host them. We also find that since the mid-1990s, the long-haul segment has grown much more rapidly (+163 % seat-km) than the super-short-haul one (+28 %). These findings have important policy implications and suggest that “avoid” strategies should receive more attention than “shift” and “improve” strategies in aviation climate policy.

本文扩展了之前研究禁止（超级）短途航班对气候变化的影响。从全球所有定期客运航班来看，我们的研究结果证实，针对超短途航班的政策对气候的影响非常有限。少于 500 公里的航班占航班总数的 26.7%，但仅占燃料消耗量的 5.2%；而 4000 公里或以上的航班仅占航班总数的 5.1%，但占燃料消耗量的 39.0%。如果将结果按地区和国家细分，长途航班所消耗的燃料比例似乎因社会、政治、经济和地理因素（包括偏远程度）而异。在国家层面，燃料消耗量与国内生产总值高度相关，但长途航班的相关性较低，这可能是因为长途航班在地理位置上具有很强的选择性，并非所有国家都能提供长途航班服务。我们还发现，自 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来，长途航班的增长速度（+163% 座公里）远高于超短途航班（+28%）。这些发现具有重要的政策意义，表明在航空气候政策中，"避免 "战略应比 "转移 "和 "改善 "战略受到更多关注。

{"title":"The elephant in the room: Long-haul air services and climate change","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper extends previous research that has examined the impact of banning (super) short-haul flights on climate change. Looking at all scheduled passenger flights worldwide, our results confirm that policies focused on super short-haul flights would have very limited climate benefits. Flights of less than 500 km account for 26.7 % of flights but only 5.2 % of fuel burnt, while flights of 4000 km or more account for just 5.1 % of flights, but 39.0 % of fuel burnt. When the results are broken down by region and country, it appears that the share of fuel burnt by long-haul flights varies according to social, political, economic and geographical factors, including remoteness. While fuel burnt is highly correlated with GDP at the country level, this is less true for long-haul flights, arguably because long-haul services are so geographically selective that not all countries can be expected to host them. We also find that since the mid-1990s, the long-haul segment has grown much more rapidly (+163 % seat-km) than the super-short-haul one (+28 %). These findings have important policy implications and suggest that “avoid” strategies should receive more attention than “shift” and “improve” strategies in aviation climate policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived walkability and daily walking behaviour in a “small city context” – The case of Norway 在 "小城市环境 "中感知的可步行性和日常步行行为--挪威的案例

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104014

Walking is essential for environmentally friendly transport, vibrant street life, and public health. Due to the short distances, small cities should have great potential for walking; however, the car still dominates in many places. Moreover, whether and how conditions related to a Northern European location play a role in perceived walkability and subsequent walking behaviour in small cities has rarely been studied. This paper aimed to answer what characterizes walkability in the context of a small city in Norway, using Narvik, Kongsvinger, and Steinkjer as case studies. The investigation is based on a mixed methodological approach, including a survey with public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), followed by a qualitative investigation with focus group interviews with families. The results suggest that walking for commuting purposes is considered a realistic option by most residents, although the car is used for most trip purposes, indicating that there exists an unfulfilled potential for walking. Results from the walkability assessment with PPGIS suggest that for a positive walking experience, perceived walkability includes a range of walkability indicators of a distinct nature that interact. The interviews provided explanations about important incentives in the cities that encourage the use of cars at the cost of making it attractive to walk. Good access by car stimulates its use despite short distances, and its dominance prevents fulfilling pedestrians' needs regarding calm surroundings and space reserved for vibrant street life and vegetation. Fragmented infrastructure limits parents' confidence in their children's safety. Lighting and maintenance are important in the winter to ensure walkability.

步行对于环保交通、充满活力的街道生活和公众健康至关重要。由于距离较短，小城市应该有很大的步行潜力；但在许多地方，汽车仍然占主导地位。此外，与北欧地理位置相关的条件是否以及如何对小城市的可步行感和随后的步行行为产生影响，还很少有人进行过研究。本文以纳尔维克（Narvik）、康斯文格（Kongsvinger）和斯坦谢尔（Steinkjer）为案例，旨在回答挪威小城市的步行性特征。调查以混合方法为基础，包括利用公众参与地理信息系统（PPGIS）进行的调查，以及随后对家庭进行的焦点小组访谈定性调查。调查结果表明，大多数居民认为步行通勤是一种现实的选择，尽管大多数出行目的都是使用汽车，这表明步行的潜力尚未得到充分发挥。利用 PPGIS 进行的步行宜居性评估结果表明，为了获得积极的步行体验，可感知的步行宜居性包括一系列相互影响的不同性质的步行宜居性指标。访谈解释了城市中的一些重要激励因素，这些因素鼓励人们使用汽车，但却牺牲了步行的吸引力。尽管步行距离很短，但良好的交通条件仍会刺激人们使用汽车，而汽车的主导地位则无法满足行人对宁静环境以及为充满活力的街道生活和植被预留空间的需求。零散的基础设施限制了家长对孩子安全的信心。冬季的照明和维护对于确保步行便利性非常重要。

{"title":"Perceived walkability and daily walking behaviour in a “small city context” – The case of Norway","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Walking is essential for environmentally friendly transport, vibrant street life, and public health. Due to the short distances, small cities should have great potential for walking; however, the car still dominates in many places. Moreover, whether and how conditions related to a Northern European location play a role in perceived walkability and subsequent walking behaviour in small cities has rarely been studied. This paper aimed to answer what characterizes walkability in the context of a small city in Norway, using Narvik, Kongsvinger, and Steinkjer as case studies. The investigation is based on a mixed methodological approach, including a survey with public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), followed by a qualitative investigation with focus group interviews with families. The results suggest that walking for commuting purposes is considered a realistic option by most residents, although the car is used for most trip purposes, indicating that there exists an unfulfilled potential for walking. Results from the walkability assessment with PPGIS suggest that for a positive walking experience, perceived walkability includes a range of walkability indicators of a distinct nature that interact. The interviews provided explanations about important incentives in the cities that encourage the use of cars at the cost of making it attractive to walk. Good access by car stimulates its use despite short distances, and its dominance prevents fulfilling pedestrians' needs regarding calm surroundings and space reserved for vibrant street life and vegetation. Fragmented infrastructure limits parents' confidence in their children's safety. Lighting and maintenance are important in the winter to ensure walkability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rural travel burdens in the United States: Unmet need and travel costs 美国农村地区的旅行负担：未满足的需求和旅行成本

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104016

Transportation accessibility, or the ease of reaching valued destinations, is a critical determinant of a person's ability to satisfy their essential needs. A lack of accessibility can result in travel burdens such as high transportation costs or unmet needs and adversely affect well-being. Prior research establishes the inverse relationship between travel burdens and access to transportation options such as public transit and proximity to destinations as well as a person's resources, including their income and access to a personal vehicle. Although travel behavior is understood to differ across rural versus urban contexts, little is known about the nature of travel burdens in rural communities. Using the 2017 National Household Travel Survey, this study quantifies and compares travel burdens in rural versus nonrural communities in the United States. In each context, we quantify and compare i) the magnitude of travel burdens, ii) who experiences travel burdens, and iii) the individual and environmental factors that are associated with travel burdens. We find higher rates of burdensome travel outcomes among rural residents. People who live in rural areas are more likely to report burdensome travel costs and unmet travel needs due to a lack of transportation options compared to people living in nonrural areas, and these differences are exacerbated for people without car access. Dispersed rural contexts are unique in that they exhibit a combination of higher rates of financial burden and unmet need relative to urban contexts. Within rural areas, financial burdens and unmet need are less prevalent for those who live in a small town when compared with those living in more dispersed areas, which suggests that even a small concentration of services and opportunities may facilitate greater access. Collectively, our results highlight the need for research that attends to context-specific needs and strategies to address travel burdens in rural communities.

交通可达性，即到达有价值目的地的难易程度，是决定一个人能否满足其基本需求的关键因素。缺乏交通可达性会造成旅行负担，如高昂的交通费用或无法满足的需求，并对幸福感产生不利影响。先前的研究表明，旅行负担与交通选择（如公共交通）、目的地距离以及个人资源（包括收入和个人车辆）之间存在反比关系。虽然人们知道农村与城市的出行行为有所不同，但对农村社区出行负担的性质却知之甚少。本研究利用 2017 年全国家庭旅行调查，量化并比较了美国农村与非农村社区的旅行负担。在每种情况下，我们都量化并比较了 i) 旅行负担的程度；ii) 谁会经历旅行负担；iii) 与旅行负担相关的个人和环境因素。我们发现，农村居民的旅行负担率更高。与生活在非农村地区的人相比，生活在农村地区的人更有可能报告由于缺乏交通选择而造成的旅行成本负担和旅行需求得不到满足的情况，而对于没有汽车的人来说，这些差异会更加严重。与城市相比，分散的农村地区具有独特性，因为它们同时表现出较高的经济负担率和未满足需求率。在农村地区，与居住较为分散的地区相比，居住在小城镇的人的经济负担和未满足需求的情况较少，这表明，即使服务和机会稍有集中，也可能有助于获得更多的服务和机会。总之，我们的研究结果突出表明，有必要针对农村社区的具体需求和策略开展研究，以解决出行负担问题。

{"title":"Rural travel burdens in the United States: Unmet need and travel costs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transportation accessibility, or the ease of reaching valued destinations, is a critical determinant of a person's ability to satisfy their essential needs. A lack of accessibility can result in travel burdens such as high transportation costs or unmet needs and adversely affect well-being. Prior research establishes the inverse relationship between travel burdens and access to transportation options such as public transit and proximity to destinations as well as a person's resources, including their income and access to a personal vehicle. Although travel behavior is understood to differ across rural versus urban contexts, little is known about the nature of travel burdens in rural communities. Using the 2017 National Household Travel Survey, this study quantifies and compares travel burdens in rural versus nonrural communities in the United States. In each context, we quantify and compare i) the magnitude of travel burdens, ii) who experiences travel burdens, and iii) the individual and environmental factors that are associated with travel burdens. We find higher rates of burdensome travel outcomes among rural residents. People who live in rural areas are more likely to report burdensome travel costs and unmet travel needs due to a lack of transportation options compared to people living in nonrural areas, and these differences are exacerbated for people without car access. Dispersed rural contexts are unique in that they exhibit a combination of higher rates of financial burden and unmet need relative to urban contexts. Within rural areas, financial burdens and unmet need are less prevalent for those who live in a small town when compared with those living in more dispersed areas, which suggests that even a small concentration of services and opportunities may facilitate greater access. Collectively, our results highlight the need for research that attends to context-specific needs and strategies to address travel burdens in rural communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovering temporal-spatial features of jobs-housing relationship from a regional perspective: A nationwide study 从区域视角发现就业与住房关系的时空特征：全国性研究

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104020

The recent developments in regionalization have redefined the concept of jobs-housing relationship, calling for reexaminations from the regional perspective. This paper studies the temporal and spatial features of jobs-housing relationship and their relations with regional mobility and regional structure in 2258 Quxians (urban districts or rural counties) across China based on 49 months of cellular signaling data. Results show that jobs-housing relationship differ between city types and have seasonal cycles and yearly trends reflecting the rhythm and development of human activity. The temporal variations in jobs-housing relationship are affected by regional mobility, and larger intercity travel volume leads to lower balance level. The spatial variations in jobs-housing relationship are influenced by the form of regional structure, as measured using the Zipf scaling exponent. More polarized regions are less balanced with exceptions in underdeveloped regions. There is an underlying inflection point in jobs-housing relationship that is similar to its long-term average value and reflects regional market equilibrium. This paper contributes to existing literature by providing a big-data driven nationwide jobs-housing study fully aware of the theoretical and practical needs of a regionalizing world. Findings advances our understanding of macroscopic jobs-housing relationship, and offers policy suggestions for governments across the globe.

区域化的最新发展重新定义了职住关系的概念，需要从区域视角进行重新审视。本文基于 49 个月的手机信令数据，研究了全国 2258 个衢县（城市区或农村县）职住关系的时空特征及其与区域流动和区域结构的关系。研究结果表明，不同类型城市的职住关系存在差异，并具有季节性周期和年度性趋势，反映了人类活动的节奏和发展。职住关系的时间变化受区域流动性的影响，较大的城际出行量导致较低的平衡水平。就业与住房关系的空间变化受区域结构形式的影响，这可以用齐普夫缩放指数来衡量。两极分化程度较高的地区平衡程度较低，但欠发达地区除外。就业-住房关系存在一个潜在的拐点，该拐点与其长期平均值相似，反映了区域市场的均衡。本文充分考虑到区域化世界的理论和实践需求，提供了一项大数据驱动的全国就业-住房研究，为现有文献做出了贡献。研究结果推进了我们对就业-住房宏观关系的理解，并为全球各国政府提供了政策建议。

{"title":"Discovering temporal-spatial features of jobs-housing relationship from a regional perspective: A nationwide study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent developments in regionalization have redefined the concept of jobs-housing relationship, calling for reexaminations from the regional perspective. This paper studies the temporal and spatial features of jobs-housing relationship and their relations with regional mobility and regional structure in 2258 Quxians (urban districts or rural counties) across China based on 49 months of cellular signaling data. Results show that jobs-housing relationship differ between city types and have seasonal cycles and yearly trends reflecting the rhythm and development of human activity. The temporal variations in jobs-housing relationship are affected by regional mobility, and larger intercity travel volume leads to lower balance level. The spatial variations in jobs-housing relationship are influenced by the form of regional structure, as measured using the Zipf scaling exponent. More polarized regions are less balanced with exceptions in underdeveloped regions. There is an underlying inflection point in jobs-housing relationship that is similar to its long-term average value and reflects regional market equilibrium. This paper contributes to existing literature by providing a big-data driven nationwide jobs-housing study fully aware of the theoretical and practical needs of a regionalizing world. Findings advances our understanding of macroscopic jobs-housing relationship, and offers policy suggestions for governments across the globe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the complementary effect of bike-sharing on public transit: A case study of subway line expansion in Xiamen, China 了解共享单车对公共交通的互补效应：中国厦门地铁线路扩建案例研究

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104021

The rapid growth of dockless bike-sharing services (DBSs) in recent years has provided a new potential technological solution to the critical last mile problem of urban mobility and is thus considered a complement to public transit. However, there is little causal evidence of such technology-enhanced DBSs complementing public transit. To address this research gap, this paper empirically investigates the complementary effect of DBSs on public transit using a quasi-natural experiment on the opening of Subway Line 3 in Xiamen, China. Our difference-in-differences estimation results show that the number of DBS trips near newly opened stations increased by 84.7 % on average after the subway opening, representing 40.4 % of all bike-sharing trips within the 100-m buffer zone of the subway station entrance. The results of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity analysis revealed that such complementary effects were concentrated within 2 km of rail transit stations, especially during peak commuting hours and in areas with low bus accessibility and high population density. Moreover, the number of street intersections negatively affected the complementary effect of DBS on the subway when the connection distance was short (i.e., less than 800 m). These findings can inform city governments on the effective use of DBSs to solve the critical last mile problem of public transit and to improve urban mobility, while also illuminating how service providers can optimize capacity allocation and vehicle rebalancing decisions.

近年来，无桩共享单车服务（DBS）迅速发展，为解决城市交通最后一英里的关键问题提供了一种新的潜在技术解决方案，因此被认为是对公共交通的一种补充。然而，几乎没有因果关系的证据表明这种技术增强型 DBS 对公共交通起到了补充作用。为了弥补这一研究空白，本文通过对中国厦门地铁 3 号线开通的准自然实验，实证研究了数字卫星定位系统对公共交通的补充效应。差分估计结果显示，地铁开通后，新开通站点附近的共享单车出行量平均增加了 84.7%，占地铁站口 100 米缓冲区内共享单车出行总量的 40.4%。时空异质性分析结果显示，这种互补效应主要集中在轨道交通站点 2 公里范围内，尤其是在上下班高峰时段，以及公交可达性低、人口密度高的地区。此外，当连接距离较短时（即小于 800 米），街道交叉口的数量也会对地面公交系统与地铁的互补效应产生负面影响。这些发现可以帮助城市政府有效利用地面公交系统解决公共交通最后一英里的关键问题，改善城市流动性，同时也揭示了服务提供商如何优化运力分配和车辆再平衡决策。

{"title":"Understanding the complementary effect of bike-sharing on public transit: A case study of subway line expansion in Xiamen, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of dockless bike-sharing services (DBSs) in recent years has provided a new potential technological solution to the critical last mile problem of urban mobility and is thus considered a complement to public transit. However, there is little causal evidence of such technology-enhanced DBSs complementing public transit. To address this research gap, this paper empirically investigates the complementary effect of DBSs on public transit using a quasi-natural experiment on the opening of Subway Line 3 in Xiamen, China. Our difference-in-differences estimation results show that the number of DBS trips near newly opened stations increased by 84.7 % on average after the subway opening, representing 40.4 % of all bike-sharing trips within the 100-m buffer zone of the subway station entrance. The results of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity analysis revealed that such complementary effects were concentrated within 2 km of rail transit stations, especially during peak commuting hours and in areas with low bus accessibility and high population density. Moreover, the number of street intersections negatively affected the complementary effect of DBS on the subway when the connection distance was short (i.e., less than 800 m). These findings can inform city governments on the effective use of DBSs to solve the critical last mile problem of public transit and to improve urban mobility, while also illuminating how service providers can optimize capacity allocation and vehicle rebalancing decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An enhanced transit accessibility evaluation framework by integrating Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) and transit gap 通过整合公共交通无障碍水平（PTAL）和公交差距，强化公交无障碍评估框架

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104013

Rapid urbanization has presented many challenges, notably spatial imbalances between the transit supply and demand within cities. The inequitable distribution of transit supply, which include the transit infrastructure and services, may lead to formation of areas where transit is under provisioned. This work aims to develop an enhanced framework for measuring spatial disparities in accessing transit systems by combining established concepts of Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) and transit gap. The proposed framework incorporates PTAL as a supply indicator and transit dependent population as the demand indicator while estimating the transit gap. PTAL takes into account the intricate relationship between transit infrastructure and transit services, an aspect that was overlooked by the previous studies on transit gap. Inclusion of PTAL enhances the transit gap evaluation method by offering a deeper understanding and a holistic perspective on the transit system. We demonstrate the proposed approach with an application in Singapore. Additionally, we propose a new classification system based on PTAL and transit gap to distinguish areas where high transit gap is a result of very high demand rather than poor supply. Results show that 44.82 % of the transit dependent population in Singapore lives in high transit gap area out of which 4.69 % population stays in transit desert zones, where supply is poor, and 40.13 % lives in transit stressed zone, where demand is very high. The study also developed a simple decision framework based on PTAL and transit gap scores to suggest effective policy measures for reducing the spatial disparity in transit system accessibility. The findings from the work can aid policymakers and transport planners in land-use and transport planning of cities.

快速城市化带来了许多挑战，特别是城市内公交供需之间的空间不平衡。包括公交基础设施和服务在内的公交供应分布不均，可能导致形成公交供应不足的地区。这项工作旨在结合公共交通无障碍水平（PTAL）和公交差距这两个既有概念，建立一个衡量公交系统使用空间差异的改进框架。在估算公交差距时，建议的框架将 PTAL 作为供给指标，将依赖公交的人口作为需求指标。公共交通无障碍水平考虑到了公交基础设施和公交服务之间错综复杂的关系，而这正是以往关于公交差距的研究所忽视的。将 PTAL 纳入其中，可以更深入地了解公交系统，并从整体角度看待公交系统，从而增强公交缺口评估方法。我们通过在新加坡的应用展示了所提出的方法。此外，我们还提出了一个基于 PTAL 和公交缺口的新分类系统，以区分公交缺口大的地区是由于需求非常大而不是供应不足。结果显示，新加坡 44.82% 的公交依赖人口居住在公交缺口大的地区，其中 4.69% 的人口居住在公交荒漠区，那里的公交供给很差；40.13% 的人口居住在公交紧张区，那里的公交需求很高。研究还根据 PTAL 和公交差距得分制定了一个简单的决策框架，为减少公交系统可达性的空间差异提出了有效的政策措施。研究结果有助于决策者和交通规划者进行城市土地使用和交通规划。

{"title":"An enhanced transit accessibility evaluation framework by integrating Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) and transit gap","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization has presented many challenges, notably spatial imbalances between the transit supply and demand within cities. The inequitable distribution of transit supply, which include the transit infrastructure and services, may lead to formation of areas where transit is under provisioned. This work aims to develop an enhanced framework for measuring spatial disparities in accessing transit systems by combining established concepts of Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) and transit gap. The proposed framework incorporates PTAL as a supply indicator and transit dependent population as the demand indicator while estimating the transit gap. PTAL takes into account the intricate relationship between transit infrastructure and transit services, an aspect that was overlooked by the previous studies on transit gap. Inclusion of PTAL enhances the transit gap evaluation method by offering a deeper understanding and a holistic perspective on the transit system. We demonstrate the proposed approach with an application in Singapore. Additionally, we propose a new classification system based on PTAL and transit gap to distinguish areas where high transit gap is a result of very high demand rather than poor supply. Results show that 44.82 % of the transit dependent population in Singapore lives in high transit gap area out of which 4.69 % population stays in transit desert zones, where supply is poor, and 40.13 % lives in transit stressed zone, where demand is very high. The study also developed a simple decision framework based on PTAL and transit gap scores to suggest effective policy measures for reducing the spatial disparity in transit system accessibility. The findings from the work can aid policymakers and transport planners in land-use and transport planning of cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0