The list below specifies doctoral degrees conferred by U.S. and Canadian universities during academic year July 2020 to June 2021. Lists of degree recipients and subject classifications are provided by the university. Note: Dissertations without classifications may be found under “Y Miscellaneous Categories.”
{"title":"Doctoral Dissertations in Economics One-Hundred-Eighteenth Annual List","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/jel.59.4.1467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.59.4.1467","url":null,"abstract":"The list below specifies doctoral degrees conferred by U.S. and Canadian universities during academic year July 2020 to June 2021. Lists of degree recipients and subject classifications are provided by the university. Note: Dissertations without classifications may be found under “Y Miscellaneous Categories.”","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The categories listed below are used to classify books, book reviews, journal articles, and dissertations indexed in JEL, JEL on CD, EconLit. New changes to the classification system appear as soon as possible on www.econlit.org . The JEL classification system may be used freely for scholarly purposes. We suggest the following format: “JEL: A10, B10, etc.”
下面列出的类别用于对JEL、JEL on CD、EconLit索引的书籍、书评、期刊文章和论文进行分类。分类系统的新变化会尽快出现在www.econlit.org上。JEL分类系统可以自由地用于学术目的。我们建议采用以下格式:“JEL: A10, B10等”。
{"title":"JEL Classification System","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/jel.59.4.1451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.59.4.1451","url":null,"abstract":"The categories listed below are used to classify books, book reviews, journal articles, and dissertations indexed in JEL, JEL on CD, EconLit. New changes to the classification system appear as soon as possible on www.econlit.org . The JEL classification system may be used freely for scholarly purposes. We suggest the following format: “JEL: A10, B10, etc.”","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Philippon’s The Great Reversal: How America Gave Up on Free Markets is a remarkable piece of research that draws our attention to a timely and relevant issue: the rise of market power and its macroeconomic implications. The book documents the facts, offers a number of hypotheses to explain those facts, and discusses the policy interventions needed to remedy market power. This essay reviews the contribution of the book, especially the conceptual and empirical foundations that lead to the main conclusions. The main virtue of the book is to offer a wealth of facts and implications that highlight the different aspects of the evolution of market power. This essay also considers instances that permit an alternative viewpoint. First, I maintain that the reliance on concentration indices to measure market power can be misleading. Second, the essay argues that to date there is no evidence that bestows a different experience in the evolution of market power in Europe compared to the United States. Third, the book gives most air time to antitrust and merger review as the main cause. While antitrust is relevant, technological change is at least as, if not more, important for the observed rise of market power. This essay manifests that technological change has fundamental implications for welfare and therefore for policy intervention. (JEL D24, E22, G31, G34, K21, L13)
托马斯·菲利彭（Thomas Philippon）的《大逆转：美国如何放弃自由市场》（The Great Reverse:How America Gave on Free Markets）是一项引人注目的研究，它将我们的注意力吸引到了一个及时而相关的问题上：市场力量的崛起及其对宏观经济的影响。这本书记录了这些事实，提供了一些假设来解释这些事实，并讨论了补救市场力量所需的政策干预。本文回顾了这本书的贡献，特别是导致主要结论的概念和经验基础。这本书的主要优点是提供了丰富的事实和含义，突出了市场力量演变的不同方面。本文还考虑了允许另一种观点的实例。首先，我认为依赖集中度指数来衡量市场力量可能会产生误导。其次，本文认为，迄今为止，没有证据表明欧洲的市场力量演变与美国不同。第三，这本书把反垄断和并购审查作为主要原因。虽然反垄断是相关的，但技术变革对于观察到的市场力量的崛起至少同样重要，甚至更重要。这篇文章表明，技术变革对福利具有根本影响，因此对政策干预也具有根本影响。（JEL D24、E22、G31、G34、K21、L13）
{"title":"Book Review: The Great Reversal by Thomas Philippon","authors":"J. Eeckhout","doi":"10.1257/jel.20211628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211628","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas Philippon’s The Great Reversal: How America Gave Up on Free Markets is a remarkable piece of research that draws our attention to a timely and relevant issue: the rise of market power and its macroeconomic implications. The book documents the facts, offers a number of hypotheses to explain those facts, and discusses the policy interventions needed to remedy market power. This essay reviews the contribution of the book, especially the conceptual and empirical foundations that lead to the main conclusions. The main virtue of the book is to offer a wealth of facts and implications that highlight the different aspects of the evolution of market power. This essay also considers instances that permit an alternative viewpoint. First, I maintain that the reliance on concentration indices to measure market power can be misleading. Second, the essay argues that to date there is no evidence that bestows a different experience in the evolution of market power in Europe compared to the United States. Third, the book gives most air time to antitrust and merger review as the main cause. While antitrust is relevant, technological change is at least as, if not more, important for the observed rise of market power. This essay manifests that technological change has fundamental implications for welfare and therefore for policy intervention. (JEL D24, E22, G31, G34, K21, L13)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44858005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of Economic Literature, December 2021, Volume LIX, Number 4","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/jel.59.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.59.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48959288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After China’s recent great success in eliminating absolute poverty, addressing relative income inequality becomes a more important issue. This survey finds that income inequality rapidly increased in the first three decades since 1978 but stabilized and slightly declined in the past decade, consistent with the well-known Kuznets hypothesis. In addition to documenting the trend and patterns over time and across groups and regions, seven sources of income inequality are systematically discussed with an effort to reconcile and extend the existing literature. Furthermore, a negative correlation is documented between income inequality and intergenerational mobility, consistent with the Great Gatsby curve observed in developed countries. (JEL D31, D63, O15, P36)
{"title":"A Survey on Income Inequality in China","authors":"Junsen Zhang","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201495","url":null,"abstract":"After China’s recent great success in eliminating absolute poverty, addressing relative income inequality becomes a more important issue. This survey finds that income inequality rapidly increased in the first three decades since 1978 but stabilized and slightly declined in the past decade, consistent with the well-known Kuznets hypothesis. In addition to documenting the trend and patterns over time and across groups and regions, seven sources of income inequality are systematically discussed with an effort to reconcile and extend the existing literature. Furthermore, a negative correlation is documented between income inequality and intergenerational mobility, consistent with the Great Gatsby curve observed in developed countries. (JEL D31, D63, O15, P36)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42611722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1257/jel.59.4.1376.r2
Ernest E. Hemingway
Paul N. Courant of Edward M. Gramlich Distinguished University Professor and Provost Emeritus, University of Michigan reviews “Like Nobody’s Business: An Insider’s Guide to How US University Finances Really Work” by Andrew C. Comrie. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Discusses the essentials of university funding, reviewing the business and finances of higher education in terms of its six functional elements—state and trustee governance, university administration, teaching, research, public service, and students and the broader community.”
Paul N.Courant，Edward M.Gramlich杰出大学教授兼密歇根大学名誉教务长，评论Andrew C.Comrie的《像无名之辈的生意：美国大学财务如何真正运作的内幕指南》。本书的经济学摘要开头写道：“讨论大学资助的要点，从国家和受托人治理、大学管理、教学、研究、公共服务、学生和更广泛的社区这六个功能要素的角度回顾高等教育的商业和财务。”
{"title":"Book Reviews","authors":"Ernest E. Hemingway","doi":"10.1257/jel.59.4.1376.r2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.59.4.1376.r2","url":null,"abstract":"Paul N. Courant of Edward M. Gramlich Distinguished University Professor and Provost Emeritus, University of Michigan reviews “Like Nobody’s Business: An Insider’s Guide to How US University Finances Really Work” by Andrew C. Comrie. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Discusses the essentials of university funding, reviewing the business and finances of higher education in terms of its six functional elements—state and trustee governance, university administration, teaching, research, public service, and students and the broader community.”","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48550728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson’s book The Narrow Corridor. They depict a constant tussle between “society,” which wants liberty but cannot sustain order, and “state,” which maintains order but grows oppressive. I argue that the book has a huge theme and an impressive historical sweep of supportive examples, but leaves many open questions. The two conceptual categories should be unpacked to examine complex interactions within and across them, and other examples that counter the authors’ thesis should be reckoned with. However, the authors deserve congratulations for a brilliantly written and thought-provoking book that will inspire much future research. (JEL N10, O43, P51, Y30)
{"title":"“Somewhere in the Middle You Can Survive”: Review of The Narrow Corridor by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson","authors":"A. Dixit","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201629","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson’s book The Narrow Corridor. They depict a constant tussle between “society,” which wants liberty but cannot sustain order, and “state,” which maintains order but grows oppressive. I argue that the book has a huge theme and an impressive historical sweep of supportive examples, but leaves many open questions. The two conceptual categories should be unpacked to examine complex interactions within and across them, and other examples that counter the authors’ thesis should be reckoned with. However, the authors deserve congratulations for a brilliantly written and thought-provoking book that will inspire much future research. (JEL N10, O43, P51, Y30)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42892848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Counting conservatively, data show about 100 million mass atrocity-related deaths since 1900. A distinct empirical phenomenon, mass atrocities are events of enormous scale, severity, and brutality, occur in wartime and in peacetime, are geographically widespread, occur with surprising frequency, under various systems of governance, and can be long-lasting in their effects on economic and human development, wellbeing, and wealth, more so when nonfatal physical injuries and mental trauma also are considered. As such, mass atrocities are a major economic concern. Given the multidisciplinary nature of the subject matter, the pertinent conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literatures are voluminous and widely dispersed, and have not been synthesized before from an economics point of view. We address two gaps: a “mass atrocities gap” in the economics literature and an “economics gap” in mass atrocities scholarship. Our goals are, first, to survey and synthesize for economists a broad sweep of literatures on which to base further work in this field and, second, for both economists and noneconomists to learn how economic inquiry contributes to understanding the causes and conduct of mass atrocities and, possibly, to their mitigation and prevention. In drawing on standard, behavioral, identity, social network, and complex systems economics, we find that the big puzzles of the “how” and “why” of mass atrocities, and mass participation therein, are being well addressed. While new research on such topics will be valuable, work should also progress to develop improved prevention approaches. (JEL D72, D74, K38, N40, Z13)
{"title":"Mass Atrocities and Their Prevention","authors":"Charles H. Anderton, J. Brauer","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201458","url":null,"abstract":"Counting conservatively, data show about 100 million mass atrocity-related deaths since 1900. A distinct empirical phenomenon, mass atrocities are events of enormous scale, severity, and brutality, occur in wartime and in peacetime, are geographically widespread, occur with surprising frequency, under various systems of governance, and can be long-lasting in their effects on economic and human development, wellbeing, and wealth, more so when nonfatal physical injuries and mental trauma also are considered. As such, mass atrocities are a major economic concern. Given the multidisciplinary nature of the subject matter, the pertinent conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literatures are voluminous and widely dispersed, and have not been synthesized before from an economics point of view. We address two gaps: a “mass atrocities gap” in the economics literature and an “economics gap” in mass atrocities scholarship. Our goals are, first, to survey and synthesize for economists a broad sweep of literatures on which to base further work in this field and, second, for both economists and noneconomists to learn how economic inquiry contributes to understanding the causes and conduct of mass atrocities and, possibly, to their mitigation and prevention. In drawing on standard, behavioral, identity, social network, and complex systems economics, we find that the big puzzles of the “how” and “why” of mass atrocities, and mass participation therein, are being well addressed. While new research on such topics will be valuable, work should also progress to develop improved prevention approaches. (JEL D72, D74, K38, N40, Z13)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49157408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Human Tide: How Population Shaped the Modern World, by Paul Morland, argues for the importance of demography in both historical events and our current situation. Intended for a general audience, the book traces demographic developments from the late eighteenth century, arguing that the timing and pace of demographic change helps to explain why some countries became powerful and others did not. The author continues the story into the twentieth century, discussing the changes in age structure and internal ethno-religious balances that are consequences of demographic patterns. Many readers will find the questions and themes in The Human Tide interesting. Unfortunately, the book misrepresents some research findings and is confused about important demographic concepts. The Human Tide deals with fundamental changes in human society over the past two centuries, but for a clear account of those changes, readers will have to go elsewhere. (JEL I12, J11, J13, J15, K37, N30)
保罗·莫兰德（Paul Morland）的《人类浪潮：人口如何塑造现代世界》（The Human Tide:How Population Shaped The Modern World）论证了人口统计学在历史事件和我们当前处境中的重要性。这本书面向普通读者，追溯了18世纪末的人口发展，认为人口变化的时间和速度有助于解释为什么一些国家变得强大，而另一些国家却没有。作者将故事延续到二十世纪，讨论了人口结构造成的年龄结构和内部种族宗教平衡的变化。许多读者会发现《人潮》中的问题和主题很有趣。不幸的是，这本书歪曲了一些研究结果，并混淆了重要的人口统计学概念。《人潮》讲述了过去两个世纪人类社会的根本变化，但要想清楚地描述这些变化，读者必须去其他地方。（JEL I12、J11、J13、J15、K37、N30）
{"title":"The Human Tide: A Review Essay","authors":"T. Guinnane","doi":"10.1257/jel.20201586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201586","url":null,"abstract":"The Human Tide: How Population Shaped the Modern World, by Paul Morland, argues for the importance of demography in both historical events and our current situation. Intended for a general audience, the book traces demographic developments from the late eighteenth century, arguing that the timing and pace of demographic change helps to explain why some countries became powerful and others did not. The author continues the story into the twentieth century, discussing the changes in age structure and internal ethno-religious balances that are consequences of demographic patterns. Many readers will find the questions and themes in The Human Tide interesting. Unfortunately, the book misrepresents some research findings and is confused about important demographic concepts. The Human Tide deals with fundamental changes in human society over the past two centuries, but for a clear account of those changes, readers will have to go elsewhere. (JEL I12, J11, J13, J15, K37, N30)","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45201238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1257/jel.59.4.1376.r1
Vryonis Speros
Anwar Shaikh of Department of Economics New School for Social Research reviews “The Mismeasure of Progress: Economic Growth and Its Critics” by Stephen J. Macekura. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores criticism of gross national product (GNP), outlining the quest of growth critics to redefine national economic aspirations and the measurement of economic life.”
{"title":"Book Reviews","authors":"Vryonis Speros","doi":"10.1257/jel.59.4.1376.r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.59.4.1376.r1","url":null,"abstract":"Anwar Shaikh of Department of Economics New School for Social Research reviews “The Mismeasure of Progress: Economic Growth and Its Critics” by Stephen J. Macekura. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores criticism of gross national product (GNP), outlining the quest of growth critics to redefine national economic aspirations and the measurement of economic life.”","PeriodicalId":48416,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Literature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41682091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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