Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i3.2405
Rodrigo Corral, B. Carrasco, Cesar Ramírez, Lorena Marchant, Álvaro Peña, J. Covarrubias, L. Meisel, Igor Pacheco, Elsa R. Bascuñan-Ortiz, H. Silva
This study reports the genetic diversity among Chilean heritage blood-flesh peaches and the characterization of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds present in these fruits. A genetic diversity analysis using 7,934 SNP markers was performed. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.09) was very low in the 75 Chilean blood-flesh peach trees, whereas 14 commercial peach varieties had significantly higher levels of heterozygosity (Ho=0.32). Furthermore, the blood-flesh peach lines were genetically similar, and all of these lines were genetically different from the commercial varieties. A comparative analysis was carried out between the epicarp and mesocarp of the peach fruits. Fruit quality parameters were evaluated at harvest (weight, size, firmness and soluble solids), and concentrations of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, as were macro (P, K, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Cu). These analyses showed that blood-flesh peaches have high concentrations of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R)) when compared to commercial varieties with white or yellow mesocarps. A comparison was performed among Chinese, French and Chilean varieties, with similar values found for the antioxidant compounds. No significant differences in the microand macroelement contents were detected in these blood-flesh fruits compared to commercial varieties.
{"title":"Genetic diversity, polyphenolic composition and fruit quality trait phenotypic analyses of a Chilean heritage blood-flesh peach (Prunus persica L.)","authors":"Rodrigo Corral, B. Carrasco, Cesar Ramírez, Lorena Marchant, Álvaro Peña, J. Covarrubias, L. Meisel, Igor Pacheco, Elsa R. Bascuñan-Ortiz, H. Silva","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i3.2405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i3.2405","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the genetic diversity among Chilean heritage blood-flesh peaches and the characterization of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds present in these fruits. A genetic diversity analysis using 7,934 SNP markers was performed. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.09) was very low in the 75 Chilean blood-flesh peach trees, whereas 14 commercial peach varieties had significantly higher levels of heterozygosity (Ho=0.32). Furthermore, the blood-flesh peach lines were genetically similar, and all of these lines were genetically different from the commercial varieties. A comparative analysis was carried out between the epicarp and mesocarp of the peach fruits. Fruit quality parameters were evaluated at harvest (weight, size, firmness and soluble solids), and concentrations of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, as were macro (P, K, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Cu). These analyses showed that blood-flesh peaches have high concentrations of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R)) when compared to commercial varieties with white or yellow mesocarps. A comparison was performed among Chinese, French and Chilean varieties, with similar values found for the antioxidant compounds. No significant differences in the microand macroelement contents were detected in these blood-flesh fruits compared to commercial varieties.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i3.2409
F. Martínez-Moreno
Durum wheat is a wheat species traditionally cultivated in southern and eastern Spain. Its cultivated area in the country before 1964 is unknown. In this study, an estimation of the Spanish acreage of durum wheat from 1888-1963 was reckoned using several sources of information: wheat area by province, descriptions of the prevailing wheat varieties in each province, and estimations from the Servicio Nacional del Trigo (National Service of the Wheat). Six reference seasons were examined (1888, 1898, 1920, 1935, 1950, and 1957). In 1888-1950, the durum wheat cultivated area was estimated to be approximately 16-19% of the total wheat cultivated in Spain (approximately 700,000 ha), which decreased after 1950. This decrease was caused by the introduction of new varieties of bread wheat and the removal of durum wheat varieties of inferior quality. In addition, a species similar to durum, rivet wheat, was also cultivated, of which there were approximately 140,000 by the end of the 19th century, which gradually decreased to almost null by the 1970s
{"title":"Decrease in durum wheat area and varietal change in Spain from 1888-1963","authors":"F. Martínez-Moreno","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i3.2409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i3.2409","url":null,"abstract":"Durum wheat is a wheat species traditionally cultivated in southern and eastern Spain. Its cultivated area in the country before 1964 is unknown. In this study, an estimation of the Spanish acreage of durum wheat from 1888-1963 was reckoned using several sources of information: wheat area by province, descriptions of the prevailing wheat varieties in each province, and estimations from the Servicio Nacional del Trigo (National Service of the Wheat). Six reference seasons were examined (1888, 1898, 1920, 1935, 1950, and 1957). In 1888-1950, the durum wheat cultivated area was estimated to be approximately 16-19% of the total wheat cultivated in Spain (approximately 700,000 ha), which decreased after 1950. This decrease was caused by the introduction of new varieties of bread wheat and the removal of durum wheat varieties of inferior quality. In addition, a species similar to durum, rivet wheat, was also cultivated, of which there were approximately 140,000 by the end of the 19th century, which gradually decreased to almost null by the 1970s","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2367
Diana Sofia Torres-Velázquez, J. Rojas-Contreras, N. Soto-Cruz, Norma Utriz Estrada, Javier López Miranda, M. Kirchmayr, J. Páez-Lerma
Mezcal is the second most important alcoholic beverage produced in Mexico, and the microorganisms present during the fermentation process are primarily responsible for its organoleptic characteristics. Among these, the bacterial populations have been less studied, mainly due to the difficulty of recovering them. The aim was to apply a culture-independent molecular technique to detect the bacterial populations involved in spontaneous mezcal fermentation in Durango State. Samples were obtained from several stages in the mezcal production line. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was performed using DNA extracted from isolated microorganisms and metagenomes obtained from samples directly taken from the fermentation process. This study indicated that non-isolated bacteria were significant in the fermentation process and indicated that the lactic acid and acetic acid bacterial populations present in the monitored process are similar to those present in other regions during fermentation, although they differ in some species that may play essential roles in the development of the typical organoleptic properties of mezcal produced in the State of Durango. Furthermore, this study indicates that culture-independent analysis by DGGE can reveal the bacterial diversity during the mezcal fermentation process without the use of complex isolation procedures and can be a useful tool for the analysis, monitoring and control of mezcal fermentation processes.
{"title":"Bacterial population monitoring during alcoholic fermentation of mezcal in Durango by DGGE","authors":"Diana Sofia Torres-Velázquez, J. Rojas-Contreras, N. Soto-Cruz, Norma Utriz Estrada, Javier López Miranda, M. Kirchmayr, J. Páez-Lerma","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2367","url":null,"abstract":"Mezcal is the second most important alcoholic beverage produced in Mexico, and the microorganisms present during the fermentation process are primarily responsible for its organoleptic characteristics. Among these, the bacterial populations have been less studied, mainly due to the difficulty of recovering them. The aim was to apply a culture-independent molecular technique to detect the bacterial populations involved in spontaneous mezcal fermentation in Durango State. Samples were obtained from several stages in the mezcal production line. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was performed using DNA extracted from isolated microorganisms and metagenomes obtained from samples directly taken from the fermentation process. This study indicated that non-isolated bacteria were significant in the fermentation process and indicated that the lactic acid and acetic acid bacterial populations present in the monitored process are similar to those present in other regions during fermentation, although they differ in some species that may play essential roles in the development of the typical organoleptic properties of mezcal produced in the State of Durango. Furthermore, this study indicates that culture-independent analysis by DGGE can reveal the bacterial diversity during the mezcal fermentation process without the use of complex isolation procedures and can be a useful tool for the analysis, monitoring and control of mezcal fermentation processes.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2293
Nelson Loyola Lopez, Leonardo Calquin Rivera, Carlos Acuña Carrasco, Mariela Arriola Herrera
A snack is a type of food that is of great relevance in the daily diet of persons; it has specific characteristics, such as a crispy texture and a low water content, such as fruits and vegetables. Snacks are easy to handle, carry and store; in particular, they can be immediately consumed anywhere. Therefore, the feasibility of snack production from apples and tomatoes was evaluated. The following thickening agents were added to each treatment: apples, tomatoes and guar gum (T1 ); apples, tomatoes and carrageenan (T2 ); and apples, tomatoes and honey (T3 ). The raw materials were apples and tomatoes, and they underwent a dehydration process with forced air; then, the different snacks were subjected to physical-chemical evaluations, such as pH, dietary fiber, soluble solids and acidity. A sensorial evaluation was carried out for each treatment by trained panelists who considered the intensity of the attributes, such as color, texture, smell and flavor, as well as the acceptability of the final product. The hypothesis was partially supported under the assay considerations. The best result was achieved when honey was used as a thickening agent (T3 ); the snacks presented a crispy texture. The products produced from treatment T3 had a better evaluation of their sensorial and acceptability characteristics.
{"title":"Snack production from apple (Malus domestica B.) and tomatoes (Lycopersicon escullentum Mill) agglomerates by using different thickening agents","authors":"Nelson Loyola Lopez, Leonardo Calquin Rivera, Carlos Acuña Carrasco, Mariela Arriola Herrera","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2293","url":null,"abstract":"A snack is a type of food that is of great relevance in the daily diet of persons; it has specific characteristics, such as a crispy texture and a low water content, such as fruits and vegetables. Snacks are easy to handle, carry and store; in particular, they can be immediately consumed anywhere. Therefore, the feasibility of snack production from apples and tomatoes was evaluated. The following thickening agents were added to each treatment: apples, tomatoes and guar gum (T1 ); apples, tomatoes and carrageenan (T2 ); and apples, tomatoes and honey (T3 ). The raw materials were apples and tomatoes, and they underwent a dehydration process with forced air; then, the different snacks were subjected to physical-chemical evaluations, such as pH, dietary fiber, soluble solids and acidity. A sensorial evaluation was carried out for each treatment by trained panelists who considered the intensity of the attributes, such as color, texture, smell and flavor, as well as the acceptability of the final product. The hypothesis was partially supported under the assay considerations. The best result was achieved when honey was used as a thickening agent (T3 ); the snacks presented a crispy texture. The products produced from treatment T3 had a better evaluation of their sensorial and acceptability characteristics.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2321
Paula Lidiane de Oliveira Fernandes do Nascimento, Patrícia Lígia Dantas de Morais, Marlenildo Ferreira Melo, Terezinha Ramalho Neta, Maria Aparecida dos Santos Morais, Carla Sonale Azevedo Soares Silva
Grapes have been produced successfully in semiarid regions, but fruit quality may be affected by rootstock selection. In this study, the ‘Isabel Precoce’ grape variety was cultivated onto three different rootstocks (‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, and ‘IAC 313’), and the physicochemical traits of fruits were evaluated at 14, 19, 21 and 28 days after veraison skin. The results showed that bunches increased significantly in weight and color until 19 days after veraison. In addition, grapes accumulated soluble solids, sugars, and anthocyanins during 28 days of ripening. Moreover, the rootstock used affected bunch length, pulp firmness, and the sugar and anthocyanin contents, but it did not influence skin coloring. In conclusion, ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapes reached maximum weight at 24 days after veraison and maximum soluble solids content, titratable acidity/soluble solids ratio, anthocyanins, and total soluble sugars at 28 days. Fruit on the ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 766’ rootstocks had higher total soluble solids and anthocyanins at 28 days after veraison than ‘IAC 572’. ‘Isabel Precoce grapes’ produced in semiarid conditions showed good quality for fresh marketing and for wine production.
{"title":"Maturation and quality of ‘Isabel Precoce’ grape grown on different rootstocks under semiarid conditions","authors":"Paula Lidiane de Oliveira Fernandes do Nascimento, Patrícia Lígia Dantas de Morais, Marlenildo Ferreira Melo, Terezinha Ramalho Neta, Maria Aparecida dos Santos Morais, Carla Sonale Azevedo Soares Silva","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2321","url":null,"abstract":"Grapes have been produced successfully in semiarid regions, but fruit quality may be affected by rootstock selection. In this study, the ‘Isabel Precoce’ grape variety was cultivated onto three different rootstocks (‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, and ‘IAC 313’), and the physicochemical traits of fruits were evaluated at 14, 19, 21 and 28 days after veraison skin. The results showed that bunches increased significantly in weight and color until 19 days after veraison. In addition, grapes accumulated soluble solids, sugars, and anthocyanins during 28 days of ripening. Moreover, the rootstock used affected bunch length, pulp firmness, and the sugar and anthocyanin contents, but it did not influence skin coloring. In conclusion, ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapes reached maximum weight at 24 days after veraison and maximum soluble solids content, titratable acidity/soluble solids ratio, anthocyanins, and total soluble sugars at 28 days. Fruit on the ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 766’ rootstocks had higher total soluble solids and anthocyanins at 28 days after veraison than ‘IAC 572’. ‘Isabel Precoce grapes’ produced in semiarid conditions showed good quality for fresh marketing and for wine production.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2301
Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo, R. Innecco, Joelson André de Freitas, Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel, José Magno Queiroz Luz, Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira, Joicy Vitória Miranda Peixoto
The greatest challenge in onion breeding programs is achieving gains from plant selection in an efficient manner. Selection indices are already in use for many species but are rare in onion. The aim of this study was to characterize the gain from selection in onion germplasm through nonparametric indices. To bring about this dynamic, four experiments were conducted with different sets of genotypes. Several agronomic characteristics were evaluated. Estimates of gains and selection of genotypes were obtained from the selection index based on rank sum, from the genotype-ideotype distance index, and from the multiplicative index. To test the efficiency of the indices used, the coefficient of coincidence was calculated. The total gains from selection were greater through use of the multiplicative index, with values of 31.84% for the advanced lines and 37.4% for the segregating genotypes. It was possible to select superior onion lines in each experiment. The coefficients of coincidence, all with values greater than 0.5, confirmed that the indices provided a margin of safety in the selection of superior genotypes.
{"title":"Dynamics and prediction of genetic gains through selection indices in (Allium cepa L.) genotypes","authors":"Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo, R. Innecco, Joelson André de Freitas, Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel, José Magno Queiroz Luz, Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira, Joicy Vitória Miranda Peixoto","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2301","url":null,"abstract":"The greatest challenge in onion breeding programs is achieving gains from plant selection in an efficient manner. Selection indices are already in use for many species but are rare in onion. The aim of this study was to characterize the gain from selection in onion germplasm through nonparametric indices. To bring about this dynamic, four experiments were conducted with different sets of genotypes. Several agronomic characteristics were evaluated. Estimates of gains and selection of genotypes were obtained from the selection index based on rank sum, from the genotype-ideotype distance index, and from the multiplicative index. To test the efficiency of the indices used, the coefficient of coincidence was calculated. The total gains from selection were greater through use of the multiplicative index, with values of 31.84% for the advanced lines and 37.4% for the segregating genotypes. It was possible to select superior onion lines in each experiment. The coefficients of coincidence, all with values greater than 0.5, confirmed that the indices provided a margin of safety in the selection of superior genotypes.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2323
K. Naima, Samia Helimi, A. Mihoub, S. Mokhtari, Mohamed Elhafed Kherraze, Hani Amir Aouissi
Determining land suitability is a preliminary procedure to define and determine land fitness for a given type of production. A suitability analysis performed with inadequate methods will not guarantee a successful or significant process. The current attempt to consider new strategies and techniques for the Algerian agricultural systems comes as a part of a process of reflection that aims to understand the land resource planning process for agriculture, specifically in Ouargla, Algeria. The aim of the study is also to present a process that is based on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and hierarchical multicriteria analysis; this process has demonstrated its relevance to the understanding of complex spatial problems. The suggested approach provides an information reference for the construction of soil suitability maps for cereals in N’Goussa at Ouargla. Farming factors, such as the slope, soil characteristics, electrical and road networks, and land occupation, were integrated into the soil suitability map for cereals by using the geographic information system. Multiplying the weighted coefficients linked to these factors allows for a global land suitability map. The obtained results allow for the prioritization of the sites into four classes: high suitability, moderate suitability, low suitability and unsuitability. In fact, 60.06% of the total area is moderately suitable for cereals.
{"title":"Developing a Land Suitability Model for Cereals in the Algerian Sahara Using GIS and Hierarchical Multicriteria Analysis","authors":"K. Naima, Samia Helimi, A. Mihoub, S. Mokhtari, Mohamed Elhafed Kherraze, Hani Amir Aouissi","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2323","url":null,"abstract":"Determining land suitability is a preliminary procedure to define and determine land fitness for a given type of production. A suitability analysis performed with inadequate methods will not guarantee a successful or significant process. The current attempt to consider new strategies and techniques for the Algerian agricultural systems comes as a part of a process of reflection that aims to understand the land resource planning process for agriculture, specifically in Ouargla, Algeria. The aim of the study is also to present a process that is based on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and hierarchical multicriteria analysis; this process has demonstrated its relevance to the understanding of complex spatial problems. The suggested approach provides an information reference for the construction of soil suitability maps for cereals in N’Goussa at Ouargla. Farming factors, such as the slope, soil characteristics, electrical and road networks, and land occupation, were integrated into the soil suitability map for cereals by using the geographic information system. Multiplying the weighted coefficients linked to these factors allows for a global land suitability map. The obtained results allow for the prioritization of the sites into four classes: high suitability, moderate suitability, low suitability and unsuitability. In fact, 60.06% of the total area is moderately suitable for cereals.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2342
O. Salazar, C. Chinchilla-Soto, S. de los Santos-Villalobos, Marisol Ayala, Lucía Benavides, Verónica Berriel, Renan Cardoso, E. Chávarri, Roberto Meigikos dos Anjos, Alba Liz González, A. Nario, Antonio Samudio, José Villarreal, R. Sibello-Hernández, Joseph Govan, L. Heng
The main aim of this review is to examine agricultural water consumption in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) regions to understand how climate change will impact water availability and how the application of nuclear and stable isotope techniques can be used as tools for improving water use efficiency (WUE) for crop production. The status of agricultural water management in some LAC countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay, is also reviewed. In the LAC region, water consumption for agricultural irrigation ranged between 35% and 86% of the total available water. However, the WUE is very low in some LAC countries. Although the region, in general, has adequate water resources, there is still a need to improve WUE to increase the productivity of agricultural water. The impact of climate change in some LAC countries may lead to intensification and expansion of agricultural activity. In these areas, the WUE can be improved through soil and water conservation, minimizing soil evaporation (E), as well as through better irrigation management, especially by using an integrated approach on an area-wide basis to manage all land use activities and farming systems within an agricultural catchment. Nuclear and stable isotope techniques using Keeling Plot or IMB methods can play important roles in improving WUE in agriculture in LAC countries by providing information related to soil water losses for improving irrigation systems.
{"title":"Water consumption by agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean: impact of climate change and applications of nuclear and isotopic techniques","authors":"O. Salazar, C. Chinchilla-Soto, S. de los Santos-Villalobos, Marisol Ayala, Lucía Benavides, Verónica Berriel, Renan Cardoso, E. Chávarri, Roberto Meigikos dos Anjos, Alba Liz González, A. Nario, Antonio Samudio, José Villarreal, R. Sibello-Hernández, Joseph Govan, L. Heng","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i1.2342","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this review is to examine agricultural water consumption in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) regions to understand how climate change will impact water availability and how the application of nuclear and stable isotope techniques can be used as tools for improving water use efficiency (WUE) for crop production. The status of agricultural water management in some LAC countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay, is also reviewed. In the LAC region, water consumption for agricultural irrigation ranged between 35% and 86% of the total available water. However, the WUE is very low in some LAC countries. Although the region, in general, has adequate water resources, there is still a need to improve WUE to increase the productivity of agricultural water. The impact of climate change in some LAC countries may lead to intensification and expansion of agricultural activity. In these areas, the WUE can be improved through soil and water conservation, minimizing soil evaporation (E), as well as through better irrigation management, especially by using an integrated approach on an area-wide basis to manage all land use activities and farming systems within an agricultural catchment. Nuclear and stable isotope techniques using Keeling Plot or IMB methods can play important roles in improving WUE in agriculture in LAC countries by providing information related to soil water losses for improving irrigation systems.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2337
Rómulo E Santelices-Moya, Antonio M. Cabrera-Ariza, Patricia Silva-Flores, R. M. Navarro Cerrillo
Nothofagus alessandrii is an endangered species that is naturally distributed in a Mediterranean environment in central Chile. In recent years, this territory has been subject to the effects of climate change, especially an increase in summer temperatures and prolonged periods of drought. In the summer of 2017, there was a fire of great magnitude consuming 184,000 ha, which affected the forests of N. alessandrii. This study assessed the severity and recovery dynamics of postfire vegetation by using spectral indices from Sentinel-2 images. The differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR), relative differenced normalized burn ratio (RdNBR), and relativized burn ratio (RBR) were calculated before and after the fire and, later, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) before the fire and during three consecutive years after the fire was utilized. The accuracy of the fire severity classifications was estimated using the kappa test (p<0.05). The three severity indices showed a similar classification in severity assessment and postfire response. The low-medium burn area in N. alessandrii forests ranged between 111.2 ha (RdNBR) and 130.3 ha (dNBR), and the high effect was between 46.1 ha (dNBR) and 66.0 ha (RdNBR), which was equivalent in both cases, approximately 11% of the total. Regarding the NDVI, vegetation recovery after three years of the fire showed a systematic return to prefire conditions. The assessment of the effect of a mega forest fire on the remaining forests of N. alessandrii based on Sentinel-2 images offers the opportunity for a better understanding of the severity of damage and the behavior of vegetation after the fire. All this information will help in a better recovery of these forests.
Nothofagus alessandrii是一种濒危物种，自然分布在智利中部的地中海环境中。近年来，这片领土受到气候变化的影响，特别是夏季气温升高和长期干旱。2017年夏天，发生了一场巨大的火灾，消耗了18.4万公顷，影响了N. alessandrii的森林。本研究利用Sentinel-2遥感影像的光谱指数评估了火灾后植被的严重程度和恢复动态。计算火灾前后的差异归一化燃烧比(dNBR)、相对差异归一化燃烧比(RdNBR)和相对燃烧比(RBR)，然后计算火灾前和火灾后连续3年的归一化植被指数(NDVI)。使用kappa检验估计火灾严重程度分类的准确性(p<0.05)。三个严重程度指标在严重程度评价和火灾后反应上表现出相似的分类。亚历山柽柳低、中燃烧面积在111.2 ~ 130.3 ha (RdNBR)之间，高燃烧面积在46.1 ~ 66.0 ha (RdNBR)之间，两者相当，约占总量的11%。在NDVI方面，三年后植被恢复显示出系统地恢复到火灾前的状态。基于Sentinel-2图像评估大型森林火灾对N. alessandrii剩余森林的影响，为更好地了解火灾后的破坏程度和植被行为提供了机会。所有这些信息将有助于更好地恢复这些森林。
{"title":"Assessment of a wildfire in the remaining Nothofagus alessandrii forests, an endangered species of Chile, based on satellite Sentinel-2 images","authors":"Rómulo E Santelices-Moya, Antonio M. Cabrera-Ariza, Patricia Silva-Flores, R. M. Navarro Cerrillo","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2337","url":null,"abstract":"Nothofagus alessandrii is an endangered species that is naturally distributed in a Mediterranean environment in central Chile. In recent years, this territory has been subject to the effects of climate change, especially an increase in summer temperatures and prolonged periods of drought. In the summer of 2017, there was a fire of great magnitude consuming 184,000 ha, which affected the forests of N. alessandrii. This study assessed the severity and recovery dynamics of postfire vegetation by using spectral indices from Sentinel-2 images. The differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR), relative differenced normalized burn ratio (RdNBR), and relativized burn ratio (RBR) were calculated before and after the fire and, later, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) before the fire and during three consecutive years after the fire was utilized. The accuracy of the fire severity classifications was estimated using the kappa test (p<0.05). The three severity indices showed a similar classification in severity assessment and postfire response. The low-medium burn area in N. alessandrii forests ranged between 111.2 ha (RdNBR) and 130.3 ha (dNBR), and the high effect was between 46.1 ha (dNBR) and 66.0 ha (RdNBR), which was equivalent in both cases, approximately 11% of the total. Regarding the NDVI, vegetation recovery after three years of the fire showed a systematic return to prefire conditions. The assessment of the effect of a mega forest fire on the remaining forests of N. alessandrii based on Sentinel-2 images offers the opportunity for a better understanding of the severity of damage and the behavior of vegetation after the fire. All this information will help in a better recovery of these forests.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2343
Ignacio Bustos, M. Schoebitz, E. Zagal, C. Muñoz
Andisols are soils derived from volcanic ash that are characterized by high concentrations of phosphorus (P). However, most of the P is not readily available for plant uptake due to the physical–chemical properties of the soils. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of liquid P fertilizers on the plant growth and yield of a potato crop cultivated in Andisol type soil located in southern Chile. Ten treatments were applied pre- and/or postemergence, including orthophosphate- or ammonium polyphosphatebased fertilizers applied alone or in combination with fulvic acid and granular fertilizers; in addition, an unfertilized control (T0) was also included. Significant differences were found in terms of yield, total number of stems, and tuber size. The application of liquid fertilizers resulted in similar levels of foliar P content, while the number of stems was higher with the combined application of ammonium polyphosphate and fulvic acid. Furthermore, liquid P fertilizers increased crop yield (38%) and the proportion of large tubers (17%). The effects of orthophosphate and polyphosphate liquid fertilizers on potato were enhanced by the addition of fulvic acid to the soil.
{"title":"Evaluation of liquid phosphorus fertilizers and fulvic acids in a potato crop in an Andisol type soil","authors":"Ignacio Bustos, M. Schoebitz, E. Zagal, C. Muñoz","doi":"10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v49i2.2343","url":null,"abstract":"Andisols are soils derived from volcanic ash that are characterized by high concentrations of phosphorus (P). However, most of the P is not readily available for plant uptake due to the physical–chemical properties of the soils. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of liquid P fertilizers on the plant growth and yield of a potato crop cultivated in Andisol type soil located in southern Chile. Ten treatments were applied pre- and/or postemergence, including orthophosphate- or ammonium polyphosphatebased fertilizers applied alone or in combination with fulvic acid and granular fertilizers; in addition, an unfertilized control (T0) was also included. Significant differences were found in terms of yield, total number of stems, and tuber size. The application of liquid fertilizers resulted in similar levels of foliar P content, while the number of stems was higher with the combined application of ammonium polyphosphate and fulvic acid. Furthermore, liquid P fertilizers increased crop yield (38%) and the proportion of large tubers (17%). The effects of orthophosphate and polyphosphate liquid fertilizers on potato were enhanced by the addition of fulvic acid to the soil.","PeriodicalId":48477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71296395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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