Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.148
I. Turna, F. Atar
The aim of the study is to analyze the studies that have been done and need to be done on the general characteristics, distribution areas, and silviculture of European aspen stands naturally distributed in Türkiye. In the study, data obtained from the General Directorate of Forestry, Department of Forest Administration, and Planning for the year 2019 was used as the material. With these data, the spatial extent of European aspen stands in Türkiye was determined. Based on the obtained data, pure stands of European aspen, primarily in the regions where they have the most extensive spatial distribution, were examined on-site. Additionally, by evaluating the planning data in comparison with the current situation, European aspen stands were analyzed from a silvicultural perspective. The study determined that the total extent of European aspen forests in Türkiye is 278,013.7 hectares. Of the European aspen stands in Türkiye, 40.4% are in Elazığ, 17.3% in Erzurum, 15.7% in Trabzon, 11.4% in Kayseri, and 7.5% in Giresun Regional Directorates of Forestry. Furthermore, 92.3% of European aspen stands are located within these five regional directorates. Moreover, in Türkiye, 34,916.6 hectares of pure aspen stands and 13,745.6 hectares of stands dominated by aspen exhibit degraded qualities. Depending on the developmental stages, the largest spatial distribution in both pure stands (8,886.3 ha) and stands dominated by aspen (6,071.3 ha) has been identified in the ab developmental stages. When examining the developmental stages of European aspen in Türkiye, it's generally observed that young European aspen stands prevail. The management objective of same-aged pure and mixed aspen forests should be redefined according to both the succession stages and habitat conditions. In stands with ecological functions, protection and moderate interventions must be made, and in stands with production functions, necessary tending interventions must be made on time and sustainability must be ensured.
{"title":"Stand Analysis and Distribution Areas of European Aspen (Populus tremula L.) Forests in Türkiye","authors":"I. Turna, F. Atar","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.148","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to analyze the studies that have been done and need to be done on the general characteristics, distribution areas, and silviculture of European aspen stands naturally distributed in Türkiye. In the study, data obtained from the General Directorate of Forestry, Department of Forest Administration, and Planning for the year 2019 was used as the material. With these data, the spatial extent of European aspen stands in Türkiye was determined. Based on the obtained data, pure stands of European aspen, primarily in the regions where they have the most extensive spatial distribution, were examined on-site. Additionally, by evaluating the planning data in comparison with the current situation, European aspen stands were analyzed from a silvicultural perspective. The study determined that the total extent of European aspen forests in Türkiye is 278,013.7 hectares. Of the European aspen stands in Türkiye, 40.4% are in Elazığ, 17.3% in Erzurum, 15.7% in Trabzon, 11.4% in Kayseri, and 7.5% in Giresun Regional Directorates of Forestry. Furthermore, 92.3% of European aspen stands are located within these five regional directorates. Moreover, in Türkiye, 34,916.6 hectares of pure aspen stands and 13,745.6 hectares of stands dominated by aspen exhibit degraded qualities. Depending on the developmental stages, the largest spatial distribution in both pure stands (8,886.3 ha) and stands dominated by aspen (6,071.3 ha) has been identified in the ab developmental stages. When examining the developmental stages of European aspen in Türkiye, it's generally observed that young European aspen stands prevail. The management objective of same-aged pure and mixed aspen forests should be redefined according to both the succession stages and habitat conditions. In stands with ecological functions, protection and moderate interventions must be made, and in stands with production functions, necessary tending interventions must be made on time and sustainability must be ensured.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.250
T. Dindaroglu
Individual alienation, which began in the previous century with the industrialization revolution, has now progressed to the level of ecosystem alienation. Catastrophic destruction that occurs with the disruption of natural ecosystem functions proceeds insidiously. The main objective of this study is to make paraecological approaches more understandable, and aid efforts to make nature conservation and environmental ethics a way of life in the solution of environmental problems caused by ecosystemic alienation. With the magic of hedonism, an alienated person becomes lonely and robotic. Today, modernity is the main activator of alienation. Weak living things, which constitute the basic paradigm of modernity, must constantly feed this system. However, maintaining modernity tends to destroy the system by exploiting it. Ecological destruction, such as climate change, drought, and desertification have reached a global threat level. Living things are unaware that they are preparing to perish under the threat of alienation, along with their systems. Ecosystemic alienation, a latent virus that has existed for over a century, is the highest level of alienation. Selling or bartering these functions by calculating the financial value of the services and functions of natural ecosystems is another indicator of alienation. The solution is not to destroy the alienated humans (aliens) responsible for the degradation of ecosystems, but to push them to the limits and neutralize them. Efforts to create virtuous people who will solve ecological problems and adopt living as a part of nature cannot be realized with utopian principles. Adoption of global nature conservation ethics is possible with lifelong education for all ages.
{"title":"Ecosystemic Alienation from the Perspective of Paraecology","authors":"T. Dindaroglu","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.250","url":null,"abstract":"Individual alienation, which began in the previous century with the industrialization revolution, has now progressed to the level of ecosystem alienation. Catastrophic destruction that occurs with the disruption of natural ecosystem functions proceeds insidiously. The main objective of this study is to make paraecological approaches more understandable, and aid efforts to make nature conservation and environmental ethics a way of life in the solution of environmental problems caused by ecosystemic alienation. With the magic of hedonism, an alienated person becomes lonely and robotic. Today, modernity is the main activator of alienation. Weak living things, which constitute the basic paradigm of modernity, must constantly feed this system. However, maintaining modernity tends to destroy the system by exploiting it. Ecological destruction, such as climate change, drought, and desertification have reached a global threat level. Living things are unaware that they are preparing to perish under the threat of alienation, along with their systems. Ecosystemic alienation, a latent virus that has existed for over a century, is the highest level of alienation. Selling or bartering these functions by calculating the financial value of the services and functions of natural ecosystems is another indicator of alienation. The solution is not to destroy the alienated humans (aliens) responsible for the degradation of ecosystems, but to push them to the limits and neutralize them. Efforts to create virtuous people who will solve ecological problems and adopt living as a part of nature cannot be realized with utopian principles. Adoption of global nature conservation ethics is possible with lifelong education for all ages.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.97
Javad Torkaman, Tooba Abedi
One of the most important ways to reduce atmospheric carbon is the carbon sequestration by trees. Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) is one of the most important native oaks of Iran distributed in the Hyrcanian Forests. The pure and mixed stands of it cover about 6.5% of these forests. In this study, carbon sequestration of chestnut-leaved oak seedlings was evaluated by using some morphological characteristics of the root and shoot. For this purpose, one hundred seedlings were sampled by method of Systematic-Random from the sowing bed on March 2022 in the Pylambra nursery at Guilan province. Seedlings are divided to three grades small, medium and large according to Root Collar Diameter (RCD). The biomass and carbon sequestration of chestnut-leaved oak seedling were calculated according to the basic density of its root and shoot. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for correlation detection between variables. The one-way analysis variance test at the 95% confidence level was used to recognize difference among biomass and carbon sequestration of three group of the oak seedlings. The results of correlation analysis showed that the root collar diameter (RCD) had the strongest correlation with other morphological characteristics. The amount of the basic density for the root and shoot of the oak seedling was obtained about 0.57 g/cm3 which is the same for both of them. The amount of the biomass and carbon sequestration of the root was obtained more than shoot at the small and medium seedlings, whereas in large seedling was the same. In general, by increasing the size of seedling the biomass and carbon sequestration increased.
树木固碳是减少大气碳排放的最重要方法之一。栗叶栎（Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey）是伊朗最重要的本土橡树之一，分布在希尔卡尼亚森林中。它的纯林和混交林约占这些森林的 6.5%。本研究利用栗叶栎幼苗根部和芽部的一些形态特征对其固碳能力进行了评估。为此，研究人员于 2022 年 3 月在吉兰省的 Pylambra 苗圃采用系统随机抽样法从播种床抽取了 100 株幼苗。根据根领直径（RCD）将幼苗分为小、中、大三个等级。栗叶栎幼苗的生物量和固碳量是根据其根和芽的基本密度计算得出的。变量之间的相关性检测采用皮尔逊相关系数。采用置信度为 95% 的单因素方差分析检验来识别三组栎类幼苗生物量和固碳量之间的差异。相关分析结果表明，根领直径（RCD）与其他形态特征的相关性最强。栎类幼苗根和芽的基本密度值约为 0.57 g/cm3，两者相同。根的生物量和固碳量在小苗和中苗中高于芽，而在大苗中则相同。总的来说，随着幼苗大小的增加，生物量和固碳量也随之增加。
{"title":"Assessment of Root-Shoot Ratio, Biomass, and Carbon Sequestration of Chestnut-leaved Oak Seedling (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey)","authors":"Javad Torkaman, Tooba Abedi","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.97","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important ways to reduce atmospheric carbon is the carbon sequestration by trees. Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) is one of the most important native oaks of Iran distributed in the Hyrcanian Forests. The pure and mixed stands of it cover about 6.5% of these forests. In this study, carbon sequestration of chestnut-leaved oak seedlings was evaluated by using some morphological characteristics of the root and shoot. For this purpose, one hundred seedlings were sampled by method of Systematic-Random from the sowing bed on March 2022 in the Pylambra nursery at Guilan province. Seedlings are divided to three grades small, medium and large according to Root Collar Diameter (RCD). The biomass and carbon sequestration of chestnut-leaved oak seedling were calculated according to the basic density of its root and shoot. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for correlation detection between variables. The one-way analysis variance test at the 95% confidence level was used to recognize difference among biomass and carbon sequestration of three group of the oak seedlings. The results of correlation analysis showed that the root collar diameter (RCD) had the strongest correlation with other morphological characteristics. The amount of the basic density for the root and shoot of the oak seedling was obtained about 0.57 g/cm3 which is the same for both of them. The amount of the biomass and carbon sequestration of the root was obtained more than shoot at the small and medium seedlings, whereas in large seedling was the same. In general, by increasing the size of seedling the biomass and carbon sequestration increased.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"20 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.248
Sümeyye Güler
Climate change and global warming are among the most pressing environmental issues requiring urgent and adequate global action to protect future generations worldwide. One of the key approaches used to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate the worst effects of climate change is carbon capture technologies. Carbon capture technologies have the potential to capture carbon from the atmosphere and convert it into fuels that can be used in environmentally friendly energy production. Innovative technologies can enhance carbon capture potential, which can play a significant role in combating climate change. Better understanding of mechanisms for capturing, storing, and releasing carbon from the atmosphere allows for more accurate assessments of carbon capture potentials. Scientists, industries, and policymakers are making significant efforts to explore new technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve net-zero emission goals. Development of new technologies involves complex processes and requires a digital system to optimize big data forecasting and reduce production time. Mathematical and statistical approaches play a crucial role in solving research problems, providing fast results and cost-effective tools for predicting large datasets. Effective policies for carbon capture and international cooperation can enhance carbon capture potential. New policies and collaboration models can incentivize investment in carbon capture projects, thereby increasing their potential. These new approaches can be used to better understand carbon capture potential and develop effective solutions to combat climate change. However, research in this field is still ongoing, and further research and development will be needed in the future.
{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing Technologies in Forest Ecosystems and Their Importance in Determining Carbon Capture Potential","authors":"Sümeyye Güler","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.248","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and global warming are among the most pressing environmental issues requiring urgent and adequate global action to protect future generations worldwide. One of the key approaches used to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate the worst effects of climate change is carbon capture technologies. Carbon capture technologies have the potential to capture carbon from the atmosphere and convert it into fuels that can be used in environmentally friendly energy production. Innovative technologies can enhance carbon capture potential, which can play a significant role in combating climate change. Better understanding of mechanisms for capturing, storing, and releasing carbon from the atmosphere allows for more accurate assessments of carbon capture potentials. Scientists, industries, and policymakers are making significant efforts to explore new technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve net-zero emission goals. Development of new technologies involves complex processes and requires a digital system to optimize big data forecasting and reduce production time. Mathematical and statistical approaches play a crucial role in solving research problems, providing fast results and cost-effective tools for predicting large datasets. Effective policies for carbon capture and international cooperation can enhance carbon capture potential. New policies and collaboration models can incentivize investment in carbon capture projects, thereby increasing their potential. These new approaches can be used to better understand carbon capture potential and develop effective solutions to combat climate change. However, research in this field is still ongoing, and further research and development will be needed in the future.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.115
Sümeyye Bingöl, B. Arıcak
Anything that reflects the ethnicity of a society that has aesthetic and visual textures transferred from past generations to the present day, that is universally accepted, that contains abstract and concrete concepts, and that is intended to be preserved and transferred to future generations is called "cultural heritage". Today's urbanism continues to develop around the settlements of ancient civilisations, which are accepted as cultural heritage. Today, migration from villages to cities has increased and population density in cities has shown a rapid upward trend. The destruction of green areas due to rapid urbanisation has increased visibly and has made smart cities with green areas obligatory. In smart urbanisation, practical methods are sought to quickly identify green areas and determine the benefits provided by these areas. The most widely used software for measuring tree canopy cover is i-Tree Canopy, which allows urban planners to quantify the ecosystem services and benefits of tree communities and forests at multiple scales, including pollution reduction, carbon sequestration and storage, and runoff reduction. Within the scope of the study, the changes on green areas such as urbanisation, industrialisation, increase in transportation networks brought about by population growth in the historical city centre of Bursa and the negative and positive effects of these changes were examined. In the study, the time-dependent changes of green areas in urban heritage and urban planning were determined with GIS (Geographical Information Systems) techniques, and suggestions were developed for existing and new green areas to be planned in the city.
{"title":"Criticism of the Effect of Green Cover Change on Air Quality with i-Tree Canopy (Bursa-Osmangazi Region Sample)","authors":"Sümeyye Bingöl, B. Arıcak","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.115","url":null,"abstract":"Anything that reflects the ethnicity of a society that has aesthetic and visual textures transferred from past generations to the present day, that is universally accepted, that contains abstract and concrete concepts, and that is intended to be preserved and transferred to future generations is called \"cultural heritage\". Today's urbanism continues to develop around the settlements of ancient civilisations, which are accepted as cultural heritage. Today, migration from villages to cities has increased and population density in cities has shown a rapid upward trend. The destruction of green areas due to rapid urbanisation has increased visibly and has made smart cities with green areas obligatory. In smart urbanisation, practical methods are sought to quickly identify green areas and determine the benefits provided by these areas. The most widely used software for measuring tree canopy cover is i-Tree Canopy, which allows urban planners to quantify the ecosystem services and benefits of tree communities and forests at multiple scales, including pollution reduction, carbon sequestration and storage, and runoff reduction. Within the scope of the study, the changes on green areas such as urbanisation, industrialisation, increase in transportation networks brought about by population growth in the historical city centre of Bursa and the negative and positive effects of these changes were examined. In the study, the time-dependent changes of green areas in urban heritage and urban planning were determined with GIS (Geographical Information Systems) techniques, and suggestions were developed for existing and new green areas to be planned in the city.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.3
Pavel Mohnachev, Svetlana Makhniova, Sergey Menshikov, Nadezhda Pospelova, Konstantin Zavyalov, Sezgin Ayan
In the conditions of environmental pollution by emissions of magnesite production (Combined Magnesite, Satka, Chelyabinsk region), a study of the conjugate variability of signs of the female generative system of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was carried out. Signs with a stable connection have been identified, as well as signs whose direction of interconnection changes under the influence of aerotechnogenic pollution. Thus, the relationship of the signs characterizing the size and mass of cones is rigidly genetically determined and is not violated in conditions of a strong level of pollution. The seed productivity of the pine stands, regardless of the growing conditions, is more closely related to the survival rates of ovules in the gametophytic period than in the period of embryonic development. However, in conditions of heavy pollution, the relationship between the survival of ovules in the 1st vegetative and embryonic periods is negative, which may indicate the effective elimination of abnormal gametophytes and the release of the stand from them in conditions of pollution. The strong weakening of trees and the low availability of mineral resources in conditions of high pH of the growing medium in the zone of heavy pollution cause an increase in the negative relationship between seed productivity and seed weight to a significant level. Also, the conditions of heavy pollution “contributed” to the development of a strategy of trees for the formation of small seeds with high quality and quality indicators, seedlings developed. Only in these growing conditions, with a decrease in seed weight, the indicators of germination energy, germination percentage, and morphometric indicators of seedlings significantly increased.
{"title":"Conjugate Variability of Signs of the Female Generative System of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Conditions of Magnesite Pollution","authors":"Pavel Mohnachev, Svetlana Makhniova, Sergey Menshikov, Nadezhda Pospelova, Konstantin Zavyalov, Sezgin Ayan","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of environmental pollution by emissions of magnesite production (Combined Magnesite, Satka, Chelyabinsk region), a study of the conjugate variability of signs of the female generative system of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was carried out. Signs with a stable connection have been identified, as well as signs whose direction of interconnection changes under the influence of aerotechnogenic pollution. Thus, the relationship of the signs characterizing the size and mass of cones is rigidly genetically determined and is not violated in conditions of a strong level of pollution. The seed productivity of the pine stands, regardless of the growing conditions, is more closely related to the survival rates of ovules in the gametophytic period than in the period of embryonic development. However, in conditions of heavy pollution, the relationship between the survival of ovules in the 1st vegetative and embryonic periods is negative, which may indicate the effective elimination of abnormal gametophytes and the release of the stand from them in conditions of pollution. The strong weakening of trees and the low availability of mineral resources in conditions of high pH of the growing medium in the zone of heavy pollution cause an increase in the negative relationship between seed productivity and seed weight to a significant level. Also, the conditions of heavy pollution “contributed” to the development of a strategy of trees for the formation of small seeds with high quality and quality indicators, seedlings developed. Only in these growing conditions, with a decrease in seed weight, the indicators of germination energy, germination percentage, and morphometric indicators of seedlings significantly increased.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.5
Said Laaribya
Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) are wild plant and animal products harvested from forests. The aim of this study is to present a qualitative diagnosis, based on a qualitative value chain approach, of the use of NWFPs in the Itzer rural forest environment. The survey result based on -participatory workshops indicated that three categories of non-wood products (Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP), Beekeeping, and Agro-pastoral sector) represent an essential source of income to the local population. Without NWFPs valuation, it is necessary to effectively manage and conserve NWFPs populations, by adopting appropriate management practices that can mitigate negative impacts. The contribution that NWFPs can make to the livelihoods of rural populations has encouraged the idea that more intensive management for these products could contribute to sustainable development and conservation objectives.
{"title":"Analysis of the Non-Wood Forest Products Sector in Morocco - Case Study: The Itzer Forest","authors":"Said Laaribya","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) are wild plant and animal products harvested from forests. The aim of this study is to present a qualitative diagnosis, based on a qualitative value chain approach, of the use of NWFPs in the Itzer rural forest environment. The survey result based on -participatory workshops indicated that three categories of non-wood products (Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP), Beekeeping, and Agro-pastoral sector) represent an essential source of income to the local population. Without NWFPs valuation, it is necessary to effectively manage and conserve NWFPs populations, by adopting appropriate management practices that can mitigate negative impacts. The contribution that NWFPs can make to the livelihoods of rural populations has encouraged the idea that more intensive management for these products could contribute to sustainable development and conservation objectives.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.4
Ferenc Lakatos, Sabri Ünal, Sezgin Ayan
Recent climate changes -in contrast to changes in the past- are faster, and humans play a significant role in speeding up the process. Fauna usually responds strikingly to the changing climate; however, effects on animal species varies greatly. Indirect effects on insects through their host plants like the shifted shooting time, and the changed chemical composition and texture of the plant are significant. Direct effects like changes of the climatic elements (temperature, humidity) may cause a wide range of reactions, like change of the distribution area (e.g., northward shift) and/or change in the insects’ biology (e.g., swarming time, generation cycle). The presence of invasive insects is usually not associated with changing climatic factors. Their arrival is mainly human activity driven and the changing climatic factors may promote their establishment only. Introductions are accidental in most cases, but there are also plenty of examples of intentionally introduced species. In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of invasive insect species on the forest ecosystems in Türkiye through the examples of the western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis), the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis), the Asian longhorn beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis & A. chinensis), the chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus), the oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) and the black stem borer (Xylosandrus germanus). The importance of invasive forest insect monitoring is also discussed.
{"title":"Climate Change and Invasive Insects in Forest Ecosystems - Recent Examples from Türkiye","authors":"Ferenc Lakatos, Sabri Ünal, Sezgin Ayan","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Recent climate changes -in contrast to changes in the past- are faster, and humans play a significant role in speeding up the process. Fauna usually responds strikingly to the changing climate; however, effects on animal species varies greatly. Indirect effects on insects through their host plants like the shifted shooting time, and the changed chemical composition and texture of the plant are significant. Direct effects like changes of the climatic elements (temperature, humidity) may cause a wide range of reactions, like change of the distribution area (e.g., northward shift) and/or change in the insects’ biology (e.g., swarming time, generation cycle). The presence of invasive insects is usually not associated with changing climatic factors. Their arrival is mainly human activity driven and the changing climatic factors may promote their establishment only. Introductions are accidental in most cases, but there are also plenty of examples of intentionally introduced species. In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of invasive insect species on the forest ecosystems in Türkiye through the examples of the western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis), the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis), the Asian longhorn beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis & A. chinensis), the chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus), the oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) and the black stem borer (Xylosandrus germanus). The importance of invasive forest insect monitoring is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.23
Halil Barış Özel, Cengiz Yücedağ, Sezgin Ayan
With its impressive leaves and ability to resist harsh environmental conditions, Photinia × fraseri Dress., a hybrid species, is widely used in landscaping and has an ever-increasing economic and environmental value. The economic value of the landscape plants is directly proportional to their growth performance. For this reason, it is of great importance to identify and use the fastest growing ortet, especially in landscape plants in terms of cost and profitability. In this study, five ortets of P. × fraseri were compared in terms of their growth performances based on seedling height, root collar diameter, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root number, last shoot length, stem and root fresh-dry weights, and seedling fresh and dry weights. As a result of the study, it was found that the growth performances of five ortets in different districts were generally ranked as Eregli < Alapli < Ulus < Devrek < Zonguldak, and that the difference between the pairs of ortets in terms of some seedling characters reached up to 2.8 times. The study suggests that the selection of ortet is extremely important in seedling growth.
{"title":"Growth Performances of Photinia × fraseri Dress. Seedlings from Cuttings of Five Ortets in Different Districts","authors":"Halil Barış Özel, Cengiz Yücedağ, Sezgin Ayan","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"With its impressive leaves and ability to resist harsh environmental conditions, Photinia × fraseri Dress., a hybrid species, is widely used in landscaping and has an ever-increasing economic and environmental value. The economic value of the landscape plants is directly proportional to their growth performance. For this reason, it is of great importance to identify and use the fastest growing ortet, especially in landscape plants in terms of cost and profitability. In this study, five ortets of P. × fraseri were compared in terms of their growth performances based on seedling height, root collar diameter, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root number, last shoot length, stem and root fresh-dry weights, and seedling fresh and dry weights. As a result of the study, it was found that the growth performances of five ortets in different districts were generally ranked as Eregli < Alapli < Ulus < Devrek < Zonguldak, and that the difference between the pairs of ortets in terms of some seedling characters reached up to 2.8 times. The study suggests that the selection of ortet is extremely important in seedling growth.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.39
Elena N. Muratova, Tamara S. Sedel’nikova, Alexander V. Pimenov, Olga V. Goryachkina
Data on B chromosomes in the genus Picea (Spruce) species are presented. Species of this genus are good objects for studying many problems on the role and origin of supernumerary chromosomes in conifers. Classical methods for studying chromosomes with staining of preparations with acetohematoxylin and the method of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used. We report the B chromosomes occurrence in five Picea species and confirmed the data of different authors for seven species. At present, supernumerary chromosomes are found in 23 Picea species including the interspecies hybrid P. × fennica. B chromosomes of Picea species are smaller than A chromosomes; their size (4-6 µm) is 25-30% of the size of A chromosomes. The B chromosomes of spruce species are either meta- or submetacentric, which have been designated as B1 and B2 types respectively. The number of B chromosomes per cell in spruce species varies from one to six. It is generally agreed that B chromosomes are derived from A chromosomes through chromosome arrangements They differ from A chromosomes in sequence composition. The results allow us to consider that B chromosomes are of importance for organisms and possibly may play a role in their adaptation.
{"title":"B chromosomes in Conifers (Study Case of the Genus Picea A. Dietr.)","authors":"Elena N. Muratova, Tamara S. Sedel’nikova, Alexander V. Pimenov, Olga V. Goryachkina","doi":"10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.39","url":null,"abstract":"Data on B chromosomes in the genus Picea (Spruce) species are presented. Species of this genus are good objects for studying many problems on the role and origin of supernumerary chromosomes in conifers. Classical methods for studying chromosomes with staining of preparations with acetohematoxylin and the method of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used. We report the B chromosomes occurrence in five Picea species and confirmed the data of different authors for seven species. At present, supernumerary chromosomes are found in 23 Picea species including the interspecies hybrid P. × fennica. B chromosomes of Picea species are smaller than A chromosomes; their size (4-6 µm) is 25-30% of the size of A chromosomes. The B chromosomes of spruce species are either meta- or submetacentric, which have been designated as B1 and B2 types respectively. The number of B chromosomes per cell in spruce species varies from one to six. It is generally agreed that B chromosomes are derived from A chromosomes through chromosome arrangements They differ from A chromosomes in sequence composition. The results allow us to consider that B chromosomes are of importance for organisms and possibly may play a role in their adaptation.","PeriodicalId":485195,"journal":{"name":"SilvaWorld","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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