Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.008
Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi , Alok Mishra
Numerous consensus mechanisms have been suggested to cater to the specific characteristics of fog computing. To comprehensively understand their unique features, performance, and applications in fog computing, it is crucial to conduct a systematic analysis of these mechanisms. For this study, 79 relevant articles were carefully selected based on predefined criteria. Among these articles, 35 employed work-proof-based consensus mechanisms, 24 utilized voting-based mechanisms, and 22 adopted capability-based mechanisms. Among the 26 identified consensus mechanisms, proof of work remains the most prevalent one. It is important to note that the scope of this paper is limited to the research available in the predominant databases at the time of writing. Future research may expand to include additional databases and more recent literature in this domain.
{"title":"Blockchain consensus mechanisms comparison in fog computing: A systematic review","authors":"Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi , Alok Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous consensus mechanisms have been suggested to cater to the specific characteristics of fog computing. To comprehensively understand their unique features, performance, and applications in fog computing, it is crucial to conduct a systematic analysis of these mechanisms. For this study, 79 relevant articles were carefully selected based on predefined criteria. Among these articles, 35 employed work-proof-based consensus mechanisms, 24 utilized voting-based mechanisms, and 22 adopted capability-based mechanisms. Among the 26 identified consensus mechanisms, proof of work remains the most prevalent one. It is important to note that the scope of this paper is limited to the research available in the predominant databases at the time of writing. Future research may expand to include additional databases and more recent literature in this domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959524000213/pdfft?md5=9f3fb4eed0214fddae565660753ed984&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959524000213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.002
Mindaugas Juodis, Ernestas Filatovas, Remigijus Paulavičius
The decentralization paradigm has made blockchain one of the most disruptive technologies today. When evaluating the level of decentralization, the key metric for most public blockchain networks is the degree of decentralization of the resources responsible for determining who generates the blocks. In turn, it facilitates a greater understanding of both security and scalability on a blockchain. This work provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art on wealth decentralization, which has not yet received the attention it deserves. We collect data, calculate various wealth decentralization metrics, and compare our results with research on the same methodology. As the amount of data for various blockchains increases rapidly, it is helpful to have techniques to aggregate data for statistical analysis. We introduce and provide conservative estimates of decentralized group metrics based on the reduced data and compare them with full-data measurements. Our research considers both the Layer 1 blockchains of Bitcoin and Ethereum, along with Layer 2 blockchains such as Arbitrum, Optimism, and Polygon.
{"title":"Overview and empirical analysis of wealth decentralization in blockchain networks","authors":"Mindaugas Juodis, Ernestas Filatovas, Remigijus Paulavičius","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The decentralization paradigm has made blockchain one of the most disruptive technologies today. When evaluating the level of decentralization, the key metric for most public blockchain networks is the degree of decentralization of the resources responsible for determining who generates the blocks. In turn, it facilitates a greater understanding of both security and scalability on a blockchain. This work provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art on wealth decentralization, which has not yet received the attention it deserves. We collect data, calculate various wealth decentralization metrics, and compare our results with research on the same methodology. As the amount of data for various blockchains increases rapidly, it is helpful to have techniques to aggregate data for statistical analysis. We introduce and provide conservative estimates of decentralized group metrics based on the reduced data and compare them with full-data measurements. Our research considers both the Layer 1 blockchains of Bitcoin and Ethereum, along with Layer 2 blockchains such as Arbitrum, Optimism, and Polygon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959524000079/pdfft?md5=cdd1ef5281579e570dc9185b4b505df5&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959524000079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139890409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.011
Yuna Sim , Seungseok Sin , Jihun Cho , Sangmi Moon , Young-Hwan You , Cheol Hong Kim , Intae Hwang
With the recent expansion of 5th generation mobile communication services, data demand is increasing. Correspondingly, the use of high-frequency millimeter waves and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have features of high-altitude operation and mobility, and ease of deployment, is growing. However, for millimeter waves, narrow beams are used to compensate for large path losses, and appropriate beam allocation algorithms are essential. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an algorithm that utilizes a Gaussian process to predict the position of UAV-user equipment (UAV-UE). We then calculate the codebook based on the predicted position information and track the optimal beam in UAV-enabled communication systems. The results of a performance analysis confirm that the proposed algorithm can predict the UAV-UE position with high accuracy, and it has a high spectral efficiency. In addition, in the process of tracking the optimal beam, the complexity of codebook calculation is reduced by using the previously predicted UAV-UE position information.
{"title":"Location-based on beam tracking method predicted using GP in UAV-supported systems","authors":"Yuna Sim , Seungseok Sin , Jihun Cho , Sangmi Moon , Young-Hwan You , Cheol Hong Kim , Intae Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the recent expansion of 5th generation mobile communication services, data demand is increasing. Correspondingly, the use of high-frequency millimeter waves and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have features of high-altitude operation and mobility, and ease of deployment, is growing. However, for millimeter waves, narrow beams are used to compensate for large path losses, and appropriate beam allocation algorithms are essential. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an algorithm that utilizes a Gaussian process to predict the position of UAV-user equipment (UAV-UE). We then calculate the codebook based on the predicted position information and track the optimal beam in UAV-enabled communication systems. The results of a performance analysis confirm that the proposed algorithm can predict the UAV-UE position with high accuracy, and it has a high spectral efficiency. In addition, in the process of tracking the optimal beam, the complexity of codebook calculation is reduced by using the previously predicted UAV-UE position information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001133/pdfft?md5=36bbf301680a5cc30e5dc0ea336ec36b&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82195623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.007
Cosmas Ifeanyi Nwakanma, Goodness Oluchi Anyanwu, Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye, Jae-Min Lee, Dong-Seong Kim
Nowadays, research works into the dynamic and static human activities on Smart spaces abounds. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and low cost non-privacy invasive ambient sensors have made this ubiquitous. This review presents a state-of-the-art analysis, performance evaluation, and future research direction. One of the aims of activity recognition (especially that of humans) systems using thermal sensors and AI is the safety of persons in Smart spaces. In a Smart home, human activity detection systems are put in place to ensure the safety of persons in such an environment. This system should have the ability to monitor issues like fall detection, a common home-related accident. In this work, a review of trends in thermal sensor deployment, an appraisal of the popular datasets, AI algorithms, testbeds, and critical challenges of the recent works was provided to direct the research focus. In addition, a summary of AI models and their performance under various sensor resolutions was presented.
{"title":"A review of thermal array sensor-based activity detection in smart spaces using AI","authors":"Cosmas Ifeanyi Nwakanma, Goodness Oluchi Anyanwu, Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye, Jae-Min Lee, Dong-Seong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, research works into the dynamic and static human activities on Smart spaces abounds. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and low cost non-privacy invasive ambient sensors have made this ubiquitous. This review presents a state-of-the-art analysis, performance evaluation, and future research direction. One of the aims of activity recognition (especially that of humans) systems using thermal sensors and AI is the safety of persons in Smart spaces. In a Smart home, human activity detection systems are put in place to ensure the safety of persons in such an environment. This system should have the ability to monitor issues like fall detection, a common home-related accident. In this work, a review of trends in thermal sensor deployment, an appraisal of the popular datasets, AI algorithms, testbeds, and critical challenges of the recent works was provided to direct the research focus. In addition, a summary of AI models and their performance under various sensor resolutions was presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001509/pdfft?md5=37960ef6490d2cd38759d29a65f86891&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001509-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139301149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Maritime Tactical Data System is a software system that collects track data from maritime sensors to compile and show on a sea map to provide maritime patrol vessels or maritime surveillance stations with situational awareness. Speed and precision in tracking multiple targets are crucial in achieving situational awareness. A multi-target tracking problem is NP-hard if it involves more than two sensors and a large amount of data since it generates many potential solutions that must be evaluated. Previous research has demonstrated that the Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) method can perform track-to-track association with pretty good results; nevertheless, the density-reachable concept of DBSCAN poses a problem when two targets are within a distance less than the threshold. Another limitation is the inability of DBSCAN to associate tracks as soon as sensor track data is received. DBSCAN must run after all data has been collected in a database. In this paper, a novel track-to-track association method called Neighborhood Clustering Track Association and Fusion (NCTAF) is proposed to address the limitations of DBSCAN. According to the experiment results, NCTAF overcame the inaccurate cluster form generated by DBSCAN. The most remarkable result is that NCTAF performs track associations in an average of one second after receiving sensor track data involving three sensors, 4000 track data per sensor, and an update rate of 5-12 s per sensor. In contrast, DBSCAN required more than 10 min for the same scenario.
{"title":"Effective & near real-time track-to-track association for large sensor data in Maritime Tactical Data System","authors":"Adiyasa Nurfalah , Suhono Harso Supangkat , Eueung Mulyana","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Maritime Tactical Data System is a software system that collects track data from maritime sensors to compile and show on a sea map to provide maritime patrol vessels or maritime surveillance stations with situational awareness. Speed and precision in tracking multiple targets are crucial in achieving situational awareness. A multi-target tracking problem is NP-hard if it involves more than two sensors and a large amount of data since it generates many potential solutions that must be evaluated. Previous research has demonstrated that the Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) method can perform track-to-track association with pretty good results; nevertheless, the density-reachable concept of DBSCAN poses a problem when two targets are within a distance less than the threshold. Another limitation is the inability of DBSCAN to associate tracks as soon as sensor track data is received. DBSCAN must run after all data has been collected in a database. In this paper, a novel track-to-track association method called Neighborhood Clustering Track Association and Fusion (NCTAF) is proposed to address the limitations of DBSCAN. According to the experiment results, NCTAF overcame the inaccurate cluster form generated by DBSCAN. The most remarkable result is that NCTAF performs track associations in an average of one second after receiving sensor track data involving three sensors, 4000 track data per sensor, and an update rate of 5-12 s per sensor. In contrast, DBSCAN required more than 10 min for the same scenario.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523000899/pdfft?md5=689ca440091852ffd439df8fd6d0fc1e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523000899-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75405312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.10.006
Kamal K. Garg , Parvez Shaik , Rachna Sharma , Peter Brida , Ondrej Krejcar , Vimal Bhatia
Ultraviolet communication (UVC) is a promising technology due to its ability to operate in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) mode thereby eliminating the pointing acquisition and tracking (PAT) requirement as needed by infrared and visible light communications. However, NLOS UVC suffers from very high attenuation and turbulence-induced fading when operated over a long distance. Due to these limitations, the existing literature on the NLOS UVC is mostly restricted to short-distance communications only. Therefore, this paper addresses these challenges by proposing an outdoor subcarrier-intensity-modulation (SIM) based multi-relay cooperative communication system employing the best relay selection and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocol. The turbulence-induced fading is modelled using lognormal distribution under weak atmospheric turbulence conditions. We derive novel closed-form analytical expressions of outage probability and ergodic capacity. Correctness of the derived analytical expressions is validated through numerical simulations.
{"title":"On the capacity of a SIM-based cooperative NLOS UVC system with best relay selection","authors":"Kamal K. Garg , Parvez Shaik , Rachna Sharma , Peter Brida , Ondrej Krejcar , Vimal Bhatia","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultraviolet communication (UVC) is a promising technology due to its ability to operate in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) mode thereby eliminating the pointing acquisition and tracking (PAT) requirement as needed by infrared and visible light communications. However, NLOS UVC suffers from very high attenuation and turbulence-induced fading when operated over a long distance. Due to these limitations, the existing literature on the NLOS UVC is mostly restricted to short-distance communications only. Therefore, this paper addresses these challenges by proposing an outdoor subcarrier-intensity-modulation (SIM) based multi-relay cooperative communication system employing the best relay selection and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocol. The turbulence-induced fading is modelled using lognormal distribution under weak atmospheric turbulence conditions. We derive novel closed-form analytical expressions of outage probability and ergodic capacity. Correctness of the derived analytical expressions is validated through numerical simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240595952300142X/pdfft?md5=b13415899f87adc56489654ffb8b5a01&pid=1-s2.0-S240595952300142X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135410668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.002
Jiann-Der Lee , Jong-Chih Chien , Kuan-Chen Wang , Chieh-Tsai Wu
This investigation explores the use of mixed-reality in collaborative diagnosis by sharing medical data in real-time between multiple physicians using Head-Mounted Display (HMD) devices. Object detection and alignment of the digitized data with the object are the backbone in any mixed-reality application. In this paper, deep-learning networks are used in detecting the patient’s face in the physical world and the medical data is aligned to the patient via the Region-Enhanced-Weight-and-Perturb Iterative-Closest-Point (RE-WAPICP) algorithm. Experiments were performed by sharing a 3D digital model of intracerebral vascular with multi-viewers in a mix-reality environment and the results show that this approach is feasible.
{"title":"Collaborative diagnosis in mixed-reality using deep-learning networks and RE-WAPICP algorithm","authors":"Jiann-Der Lee , Jong-Chih Chien , Kuan-Chen Wang , Chieh-Tsai Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This investigation explores the use of mixed-reality in collaborative diagnosis by sharing medical data in real-time between multiple physicians using Head-Mounted Display (HMD) devices. Object detection and alignment of the digitized data with the object are the backbone in any mixed-reality application. In this paper, deep-learning networks are used in detecting the patient’s face in the physical world and the medical data is aligned to the patient via the Region-Enhanced-Weight-and-Perturb Iterative-Closest-Point (RE-WAPICP) algorithm. Experiments were performed by sharing a 3D digital model of intracerebral vascular with multi-viewers in a mix-reality environment and the results show that this approach is feasible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001455/pdfft?md5=5c8ddc9ac0322633b9337d402b886a0c&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001455-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135670286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main causes for the risks of used-car trading lie in the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers and the absence of a trust mechanism. This study proposed applying the Ethereum blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to construct a used-car trading and management information system that supports decentralized data storage services. This mechanism could support the permanent storage, immutability, and traceability of car maintenance data through the operation of smart contracts. Furthermore, car information is stored and managed by IPFS. Slither monitors the security of this system by detecting security bugs in the operation of smart contracts.
{"title":"Applying Ethereum blockchain and IPFS to construct a multi-party used-car trading and management system","authors":"Yi-Jen Su , Chao-Ho Chen , Tsong-Yi Chen , Chun-Wei Yeah","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main causes for the risks of used-car trading lie in the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers and the absence of a trust mechanism. This study proposed applying the Ethereum blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to construct a used-car trading and management information system that supports decentralized data storage services. This mechanism could support the permanent storage, immutability, and traceability of car maintenance data through the operation of smart contracts. Furthermore, car information is stored and managed by IPFS. Slither monitors the security of this system by detecting security bugs in the operation of smart contracts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001650/pdfft?md5=7c7bf71e9033af2736bf244be1331e9f&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001650-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.09.001
Sharifah Noor Masidayu Sayed Ismail , Nor Azlina Ab. Aziz , Siti Zainab Ibrahim , Mohd Saberi Mohamad
There is a growing demand for emotion recognition systems (ERS) to be adopted in everyday life from various fields, particularly automotive, education, and social security. Recently, the use of cardio-based physiological signals, electrocardiogram (ECG), and photoplethysmogram (PPG) in ERS has yielded promising results. Furthermore, the development of wearable devices equipped with cardio-based physiological sensors has significantly aided towards the adoption of ERS in daily life. This paper systematically reviews emotion recognition using cardio-based physiological signals, encompassing emotion models, emotion elicitation methods, and ERS development methods, emphasizing feature extraction, feature selection methods, feature dimension reduction methods, and classifiers. A summary and comparison of recent studies are presented to highlight existing studies’ gaps and suggest future research for better ERS especially using cardio-based signals.
各行各业,尤其是汽车、教育和社会保障领域,对情感识别系统(ERS)的需求日益增长。最近,在情绪识别系统中使用心电生理信号、心电图(ECG)和光电血压计(PPG)取得了可喜的成果。此外,配备心电生理传感器的可穿戴设备的发展也极大地推动了 ERS 在日常生活中的应用。本文系统回顾了利用心电生理信号进行情绪识别的过程,包括情绪模型、情绪激发方法和 ERS 开发方法,重点介绍了特征提取、特征选择方法、特征维度缩减方法和分类器。本文对近期的研究进行了总结和比较,强调了现有研究的不足,并对未来的研究提出了建议,尤其是利用心电生理信号进行更好的 ERS。
{"title":"A systematic review of emotion recognition using cardio-based signals","authors":"Sharifah Noor Masidayu Sayed Ismail , Nor Azlina Ab. Aziz , Siti Zainab Ibrahim , Mohd Saberi Mohamad","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a growing demand for emotion recognition systems (ERS) to be adopted in everyday life from various fields, particularly automotive, education, and social security. Recently, the use of cardio-based physiological signals, electrocardiogram (ECG), and photoplethysmogram (PPG) in ERS has yielded promising results. Furthermore, the development of wearable devices equipped with cardio-based physiological sensors has significantly aided towards the adoption of ERS in daily life. This paper systematically reviews emotion recognition using cardio-based physiological signals, encompassing emotion models, emotion elicitation methods, and ERS development methods, emphasizing feature extraction, feature selection methods, feature dimension reduction methods, and classifiers. A summary and comparison of recent studies are presented to highlight existing studies’ gaps and suggest future research for better ERS especially using cardio-based signals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523001157/pdfft?md5=a7204e5b2db7baac2416dfa674129ad2&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523001157-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135205369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.002
Le Huu Binh , Thuy-Van T. Duong
5G-based MANET has received a lot of attention recently. Its fundamental feature is that nodes are constantly subjected to high traffic loads, while QoS requirements are extremely stringent. When applied to 5G-based MANETs, existing routing protocols have shown drawbacks. In this paper, we propose an enhanced AODV protocol solution for 5G-based MANETs. Using reinforcement learning, each node updates a state information database of intermediate nodes along routes to destinations. This database is used by the routing algorithm to find guaranteed QoS routes. Our solution is highly efficient in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and SNR, according to the simulation results.
{"title":"An improved method of AODV routing protocol using reinforcement learning for ensuring QoS in 5G-based mobile ad-hoc networks","authors":"Le Huu Binh , Thuy-Van T. Duong","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>5G-based MANET has received a lot of attention recently. Its fundamental feature is that nodes are constantly subjected to high traffic loads, while QoS requirements are extremely stringent. When applied to 5G-based MANETs, existing routing protocols have shown drawbacks. In this paper, we propose an enhanced AODV protocol solution for 5G-based MANETs. Using reinforcement learning, each node updates a state information database of intermediate nodes along routes to destinations. This database is used by the routing algorithm to find guaranteed QoS routes. Our solution is highly efficient in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and SNR, according to the simulation results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959523000814/pdfft?md5=1a764e3dedef347e73e8f0024dcb4ced&pid=1-s2.0-S2405959523000814-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83804497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}