Albert M. Levin PhD, Oghenefejiro Okifo MD, Katherine Buhl MD, Takahiro Ouchi MD, Bianca Parker MD, Jessica Tan MD, Indrani Datta MS, Xiangguo Dai PhD, Yalei Chen PhD, Nallasivam Palanisamy PhD, Jesse Veenstra MD, PhD, Shannon Carskadon MS, Jia Li PhD, David Ozog MD, Christian E. Keller MD, Dhananjay Chitale MD, MBA, Kevin R. Bobbitt PhD, Howard C. Crawford PhD, Nina Steele PhD, Qing-Sheng Mi MD, PhD, Lamont R. Jones MD, MBA
Objective
In this study, we aimed to evaluate mir-31-5p as a prognostic biomarker of keloid disease (KD) recurrence using a retrospective, treatment naïve, surgical cohort of head and neck KD cases from Henry Ford Health.
Methods
Using a tissue microarray, mir-31-5p expression was measured with miRNAscope, and mir-31-5p cell positivity was determined with QuPath. Logistic regression was used to test the association between mir-31-5p positive cells and KD recurrence at 1 year. In an independent dataset, associations between mir-31-5p and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were assessed. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified target genes and pathways impacted by mir-31-5p.
Results
Of the 58 KD patients, 42 (72%) received adjuvant triamcinolone injections, and 8 recurred (14%). mir-31-5p was expressed in 48 (83%) specimens. Increasing mir-31-5p expression was associated with decreased risk of recurrence (p = .031), with an odds ratio of 0.86 (95% CI 0.75–0.98) for each 20% increase in mir-31-5p cellular positivity. This effect persisted with triamcinolone treatment (odds ratio 0.82; 95% CI 0.71–0.95; p = .015). mir-31-5p correlated with gene expression enriched in KD pathways, including mRNA splicing and autophagy.
Conclusion
Taken together, our data supports the association between mir-31-5p expression and KD recurrence. Its potential as a prognostic biomarker should be further investigated.
Level of Evidence
Level 2.
目的：在这项研究中，我们旨在评估mir-31-5p作为瘢痕疙瘩病（KD）复发的预后生物标志物，通过对Henry Ford Health的头颈部KD病例进行回顾性治疗naïve手术队列。方法：采用组织芯片，miRNAscope检测mir-31-5p表达，QuPath检测mir-31-5p细胞阳性。采用Logistic回归检验mir-31-5p阳性细胞与1年KD复发之间的关系。在一个独立的数据集中，评估了mir-31-5p与信使RNA （mRNA）表达之间的关联。匠心途径分析确定了受mir-31-5p影响的靶基因和途径。结果：58例KD患者中，42例（72%）接受了曲安奈德辅助注射，8例（14%）复发。48例（83%）标本中表达Mir-31-5p。mir-31-5p表达增加与复发风险降低相关（p = 0.031）， mir-31-5p细胞阳性每增加20%，优势比为0.86 （95% CI 0.75-0.98）。曲安奈德治疗后这种效果持续存在(优势比0.82；95% ci 0.71-0.95；p = .015)。mir-31-5p与KD通路中富集的基因表达相关，包括mRNA剪接和自噬。结论：综上所述，我们的数据支持mir-31-5p表达与KD复发之间的关联。其作为预后生物标志物的潜力有待进一步研究。证据等级：二级。
{"title":"Higher expression of mir-31-5p is associated with reduced risk of head and neck keloid recurrence following surgical resection","authors":"Albert M. Levin PhD, Oghenefejiro Okifo MD, Katherine Buhl MD, Takahiro Ouchi MD, Bianca Parker MD, Jessica Tan MD, Indrani Datta MS, Xiangguo Dai PhD, Yalei Chen PhD, Nallasivam Palanisamy PhD, Jesse Veenstra MD, PhD, Shannon Carskadon MS, Jia Li PhD, David Ozog MD, Christian E. Keller MD, Dhananjay Chitale MD, MBA, Kevin R. Bobbitt PhD, Howard C. Crawford PhD, Nina Steele PhD, Qing-Sheng Mi MD, PhD, Lamont R. Jones MD, MBA","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we aimed to evaluate mir-31-5p as a prognostic biomarker of keloid disease (KD) recurrence using a retrospective, treatment naïve, surgical cohort of head and neck KD cases from Henry Ford Health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a tissue microarray, mir-31-5p expression was measured with miRNAscope, and mir-31-5p cell positivity was determined with QuPath. Logistic regression was used to test the association between mir-31-5p positive cells and KD recurrence at 1 year. In an independent dataset, associations between mir-31-5p and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were assessed. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified target genes and pathways impacted by mir-31-5p.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 58 KD patients, 42 (72%) received adjuvant triamcinolone injections, and 8 recurred (14%). mir-31-5p was expressed in 48 (83%) specimens. Increasing mir-31-5p expression was associated with decreased risk of recurrence (<i>p</i> = .031), with an odds ratio of 0.86 (95% CI 0.75–0.98) for each 20% increase in mir-31-5p cellular positivity. This effect persisted with triamcinolone treatment (odds ratio 0.82; 95% CI 0.71–0.95; <i>p</i> = .015). mir-31-5p correlated with gene expression enriched in KD pathways, including mRNA splicing and autophagy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taken together, our data supports the association between mir-31-5p expression and KD recurrence. Its potential as a prognostic biomarker should be further investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Level 2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nevra Keskin Yilmaz DVM, PhD, Dogukan Ozen DVM, PhD, Rafael da Costa Monsanto MD, PhD, Emre Ocak MD, MSc, Artur Koerig Schuster MD, Tomotaka Shimura MD, Sebahattin Cureoglu MD
Objectives
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a disorder characterized by the loss or impairment of cochlear hair cells or the auditory nerve. In recent years, gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach for SNHL treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of gene therapy on the restoration or improvement of auditory function in mouse model with loss or impairment of hearing.
Methods
Studies with clear experimental designs, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) analysis as relevant outcome measures were included by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The PRISMA guideline was used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. A quantitative synthesis was performed using a random effects model to examine the effect of gene therapy on auditory function in SNHL.
Results
Nine articles including 71 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. These studies explored therapies targeting the TMC1, VGLUT3, USH1C, CLRN1, WHRN, and PJVK genes, with genetic material ranging from 1.8 × 1011 and 1.4 × 1014 gc/mL being delivered to the inner ear through round window membrane, cochleostomy, or posterior semicircular canal injection methods. The hearing test results showed a significant mean difference of 26.91 dB (95% CI: 22.01–31.85) in favor of the experimental group.
Conclusions
Although promising results have been obtained regarding the potential success of gene therapy in SNHL, further investigation is needed to explore the long-term effects of gene therapy, treatment response rates, and the relationships between different genetic mutation types.
目的：感音神经性听力损失（SNHL）是一种以耳蜗毛细胞或听神经丧失或受损为特征的疾病。近年来，基因治疗已成为SNHL治疗的一种有前景的方法。本研究的目的是评估基因治疗对听力丧失或损伤小鼠模型听觉功能恢复或改善的影响。方法：通过检索PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库，纳入实验设计明确、听觉脑干反应（ABR）分析作为相关结局指标的研究。采用PRISMA指南提取数据，评估数据质量和有效性。采用随机效应模型进行定量综合，以检验基因治疗对SNHL患者听觉功能的影响。结果：9篇文章71项研究符合纳入标准。这些研究探索了针对TMC1、VGLUT3、USH1C、CLRN1、WHRN和PJVK基因的治疗方法，遗传物质范围为1.8 × 1011和1.4 × 1014 gc/mL，通过圆窗膜、耳蜗造口或后半规管注射等方式传递到内耳。听力测试结果显示，实验组的平均差异为26.91 dB （95% CI: 22.01-31.85）。结论：尽管基因治疗SNHL的潜在成功已经取得了令人鼓舞的结果，但还需要进一步研究基因治疗的长期效果、治疗反应率以及不同基因突变类型之间的关系。
{"title":"Efficiency of gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss in mouse model: A meta-analysis","authors":"Nevra Keskin Yilmaz DVM, PhD, Dogukan Ozen DVM, PhD, Rafael da Costa Monsanto MD, PhD, Emre Ocak MD, MSc, Artur Koerig Schuster MD, Tomotaka Shimura MD, Sebahattin Cureoglu MD","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a disorder characterized by the loss or impairment of cochlear hair cells or the auditory nerve. In recent years, gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach for SNHL treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of gene therapy on the restoration or improvement of auditory function in mouse model with loss or impairment of hearing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies with clear experimental designs, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) analysis as relevant outcome measures were included by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The PRISMA guideline was used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. A quantitative synthesis was performed using a random effects model to examine the effect of gene therapy on auditory function in SNHL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine articles including 71 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. These studies explored therapies targeting the TMC1, VGLUT3, USH1C, CLRN1, WHRN, and PJVK genes, with genetic material ranging from 1.8 × 10<sup>11</sup> and 1.4 × 10<sup>14</sup> gc/mL being delivered to the inner ear through round window membrane, cochleostomy, or posterior semicircular canal injection methods. The hearing test results showed a significant mean difference of 26.91 dB (95% CI: 22.01–31.85) in favor of the experimental group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although promising results have been obtained regarding the potential success of gene therapy in SNHL, further investigation is needed to explore the long-term effects of gene therapy, treatment response rates, and the relationships between different genetic mutation types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan C. Higgins MD, Ciaran F. Lane MSC, MD, FRCSC, Neerav Goyal MD, MPH, FACS
Background
Orbital decompression is recommended for TED especially in the treatment of severe, refractory cases yet there are no clear guidelines regarding the optimal surgical approach. Previously conducted surveys assessed variations in the management of TED but only amongst ophthalmologists. Our study attempts to better characterize surgical and perioperative preferences amongst otolaryngologists in the management of TED.
Methods
A survey was administered to the American Rhinologic Society and Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery via REDCap with 52 total respondents. Respondent demographic information and pre-operative management, procedural specifics, and post-operative management preferences were collected.
Results
The majority of respondents practiced in a metropolitan (82.7%), academic setting (73.1%) and received subspecialty training in Rhinology & Skull Base Surgery (88.9%). Most elected for corticosteroids (63.5%) and medical management (69.2%) prior to orbital decompression but did not use any classification system (86.5%). Orbital decompression was most often done with ophthalmology collaboration (71.2%). Removal of two bony walls (55.8%) via medial wall (97.9%) and orbital floor (72.3%) removal was most preferred. Removal of one orbital fat aspect (60.6%) via the medial fat pad was most preferred. Combined bone and fat removal (59.6%) completed via an endoscopic approach (71.2% and 97.0%, respectively) was most common. Post-operatively, most patients were not admitted (88.4%) with saline nasal rinses (92.3%) utilized by most respondents.
Conclusions
This survey completed by otolaryngologists highlights several key distinctions in the preferred surgical approach during orbital decompression and the perioperative management of TED when compared to ophthalmologists and current recommendations.
{"title":"Otolaryngologist surgical preferences for orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease: A North American survey","authors":"Ryan C. Higgins MD, Ciaran F. Lane MSC, MD, FRCSC, Neerav Goyal MD, MPH, FACS","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Orbital decompression is recommended for TED especially in the treatment of severe, refractory cases yet there are no clear guidelines regarding the optimal surgical approach. Previously conducted surveys assessed variations in the management of TED but only amongst ophthalmologists. Our study attempts to better characterize surgical and perioperative preferences amongst otolaryngologists in the management of TED.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A survey was administered to the American Rhinologic Society and Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery via REDCap with 52 total respondents. Respondent demographic information and pre-operative management, procedural specifics, and post-operative management preferences were collected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of respondents practiced in a metropolitan (82.7%), academic setting (73.1%) and received subspecialty training in Rhinology & Skull Base Surgery (88.9%). Most elected for corticosteroids (63.5%) and medical management (69.2%) prior to orbital decompression but did not use any classification system (86.5%). Orbital decompression was most often done with ophthalmology collaboration (71.2%). Removal of two bony walls (55.8%) via medial wall (97.9%) and orbital floor (72.3%) removal was most preferred. Removal of one orbital fat aspect (60.6%) via the medial fat pad was most preferred. Combined bone and fat removal (59.6%) completed via an endoscopic approach (71.2% and 97.0%, respectively) was most common. Post-operatively, most patients were not admitted (88.4%) with saline nasal rinses (92.3%) utilized by most respondents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This survey completed by otolaryngologists highlights several key distinctions in the preferred surgical approach during orbital decompression and the perioperative management of TED when compared to ophthalmologists and current recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Level 4.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel L. Kaefer BA, Lujuan Zhang MD, Sarah Brookes DVM, PhD, Rachel A. Morrison PhD, Sherry Voytik-Harbin PhD, Stacey Halum MD, FACS
Objectives
Recently, our laboratory has discovered a self-innervating population of muscle cells, called motor endplate-expressing cells (MEEs). The cells innately release a wide variety of neurotrophic factors into the microenvironment promoting innervation when used as an injectable treatment. Unlike other stem cells, the therapeutic potential of MEEs is dependent on the cells' ability to maintain phenotypical cell surface proteins in particular motor endplates (MEPs). The goal of this study is to identify transport conditions that preserve MEE viability and self-innervating function.
Methods
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) of adult Yucatan pigs were cultured and induced to generate MEEs. Effects of short-term cryopreservation methods were studied on MPC and MEE stages. A minimally supplemented medium was investigated for suspension-mediated transport, and MEEs were loaded at a constant concentration (1 × 107 cells/mL) into plastic syringes. Samples were subjected to varying temperatures (4, 22, and 37°C) and durations (6, 18, 24, and 48 h), which was followed by statistical analysis of viability. Transport conditions maintaining viability acceptable for cellular therapy were examined for apoptosis rates and expression of desired myogenic, neurotrophic, neuromuscular junction, and angiogenic genes.
Results
Cryopreservation proved detrimental to our cell population. However, a minimally supplemented medium, theoretically safe for injection, was identified. Transport temperature and duration impacted cell viability, with warmer temperatures leading to faster death rates prior to the end of the study. Transport conditions did not appear to affect apoptotic rate. Any expression change of desirable genes fell within the acceptable range.
Conclusions
Transport state, medium, duration, and temperature must be considered during the transport of injectable muscle cells as they can affect cell viability and expression of integral genes. These described factors are integral in the planning of general cell transport and may prove equally important when the cell population utilized for laryngeal injection is derived from a patient's own initial muscle biopsy.
{"title":"Optimizing transport methods to preserve function of self-innervating muscle cells for laryngeal injection","authors":"Samuel L. Kaefer BA, Lujuan Zhang MD, Sarah Brookes DVM, PhD, Rachel A. Morrison PhD, Sherry Voytik-Harbin PhD, Stacey Halum MD, FACS","doi":"10.1002/lio2.1259","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.1259","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recently, our laboratory has discovered a self-innervating population of muscle cells, called motor endplate-expressing cells (MEEs). The cells innately release a wide variety of neurotrophic factors into the microenvironment promoting innervation when used as an injectable treatment. Unlike other stem cells, the therapeutic potential of MEEs is dependent on the cells' ability to maintain phenotypical cell surface proteins in particular motor endplates (MEPs). The goal of this study is to identify transport conditions that preserve MEE viability and self-innervating function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) of adult Yucatan pigs were cultured and induced to generate MEEs. Effects of short-term cryopreservation methods were studied on MPC and MEE stages. A minimally supplemented medium was investigated for suspension-mediated transport, and MEEs were loaded at a constant concentration (1 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells/mL) into plastic syringes. Samples were subjected to varying temperatures (4, 22, and 37°C) and durations (6, 18, 24, and 48 h), which was followed by statistical analysis of viability. Transport conditions maintaining viability acceptable for cellular therapy were examined for apoptosis rates and expression of desired myogenic, neurotrophic, neuromuscular junction, and angiogenic genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cryopreservation proved detrimental to our cell population. However, a minimally supplemented medium, theoretically safe for injection, was identified. Transport temperature and duration impacted cell viability, with warmer temperatures leading to faster death rates prior to the end of the study. Transport conditions did not appear to affect apoptotic rate. Any expression change of desirable genes fell within the acceptable range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transport state, medium, duration, and temperature must be considered during the transport of injectable muscle cells as they can affect cell viability and expression of integral genes. These described factors are integral in the planning of general cell transport and may prove equally important when the cell population utilized for laryngeal injection is derived from a patient's own initial muscle biopsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11625686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dilshan Rajan, Sebahattin Cureoglu MD, Meredith E. Adams MD, Rafael Monsanto MD, PhD
Objective
To explore the historical evolution of surgical techniques for otosclerosis treatment, viewed through the lens of human temporal bone pathology to aid in understanding the disease and refining surgical interventions.
Data sources
A review of historical literature on otosclerosis, surgical techniques, and otopathological findings was conducted. Eight temporal bone specimens from the Paparella Otopathology & Pathogenesis Laboratory, University of Minnesota, and one from the University of California, Los Angeles, were analyzed.
Review methods
We selected two temporal bones from donors who underwent four different types of surgical procedures for otosclerosis: stapes mobilization, fenestration, stapedectomy, and stapedotomy. One successful and one complication case was selected for each procedure. Histopathological analysis was performed to assess the outcomes and complications associated with each technique.
Results
The study chronicles the progression of otosclerosis surgery from the stapes mobilization to modern stapedectomy and stapedotomy techniques. Initial procedures, like stapes mobilization and fenestration, yielded limited and temporary results with significant complications. The introduction of stapedectomy marked a significant improvement, with better long-term outcomes. Histopathological analysis revealed insights into the causes of surgical failures and complications.
Conclusion
Otosclerosis surgery has evolved significantly, driven by advances in otopathology and surgical technology. While earlier techniques offered limited success, modern procedures like stapedectomy and stapedotomy provide improved outcomes and fewer complications. Ongoing research promises further advancements in the field, improving patient care and surgical efficacy.
{"title":"Otosclerosis and the evolution of stapes surgery: A historical and otopathological study","authors":"Dilshan Rajan, Sebahattin Cureoglu MD, Meredith E. Adams MD, Rafael Monsanto MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the historical evolution of surgical techniques for otosclerosis treatment, viewed through the lens of human temporal bone pathology to aid in understanding the disease and refining surgical interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data sources</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A review of historical literature on otosclerosis, surgical techniques, and otopathological findings was conducted. Eight temporal bone specimens from the Paparella Otopathology & Pathogenesis Laboratory, University of Minnesota, and one from the University of California, Los Angeles, were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Review methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We selected two temporal bones from donors who underwent four different types of surgical procedures for otosclerosis: stapes mobilization, fenestration, stapedectomy, and stapedotomy. One successful and one complication case was selected for each procedure. Histopathological analysis was performed to assess the outcomes and complications associated with each technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study chronicles the progression of otosclerosis surgery from the stapes mobilization to modern stapedectomy and stapedotomy techniques. Initial procedures, like stapes mobilization and fenestration, yielded limited and temporary results with significant complications. The introduction of stapedectomy marked a significant improvement, with better long-term outcomes. Histopathological analysis revealed insights into the causes of surgical failures and complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Otosclerosis surgery has evolved significantly, driven by advances in otopathology and surgical technology. While earlier techniques offered limited success, modern procedures like stapedectomy and stapedotomy provide improved outcomes and fewer complications. Ongoing research promises further advancements in the field, improving patient care and surgical efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raika Bourmand MSc, Sofia E. Olsson BS, Arman Fijany MD
Objective
Total laryngectomy (TL) is a standard induction treatment for laryngeal cancer. Patients have shown decreased quality of life (QOL) following laryngectomy potentially due to its impact on communication. This study is a systematic review of the effects of TEP on QOL in TL patients.
Methods
Data was extracted from PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science. A systematic review of literature assessing QOL after TEP within the last decade was conducted using PRISMA methodology. The initial search yielded 71 publications filtered to 15 after removing duplicates, non-English publications, and title screening. Two researchers independently reviewed abstracts, and 11 articles were retained. After a full article review, 6 examined QOL in TEP patients.
Results
The studies concluded that post-TL, patients with TEP experienced improved QOL than before the procedure or non-TEP alternatives for speech. The collective sample size yielded 253 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvement in QOL described by the University of Washington—Quality of Life Index (p < .0001) and insignificant improvement defined by the Voice Handicap Index (p = .07). Several additional indices were included in the articles, all of which indicated improved QOL in TL patients post-TEP. These scales could not undergo meta-analysis due to their presence in only 1 study each.
Conclusion
TEP is a valuable intervention in improving patient QOL and satisfaction following TL. There is no standardized tool for describing QOL in TL patients, so the authors recommend tools be chosen based on the specific aspects of QOL they represent.
Level of evidence
2a.
目的：全喉切除术是标准的喉癌诱导治疗方法。由于喉切除术对沟通的影响，患者的生活质量（QOL）可能会下降。本研究系统回顾了TEP对TL患者生活质量的影响。方法：数据提取自PubMed、Ovid Medline和Web of Science。在过去十年中，使用PRISMA方法对评估TEP后生活质量的文献进行了系统回顾。最初的搜索结果是71篇出版物，在删除重复、非英语出版物和标题筛选后，筛选出15篇。两名研究人员独立审查了摘要，并保留了11篇文章。在完整的文章回顾后，6个检查TEP患者的生活质量。结果：研究表明，术后TEP患者的生活质量较术前或非TEP患者改善。总的样本量为253例。荟萃分析显示华盛顿大学生活质量指数所描述的生活质量有显著改善（p p = .07）。文章中还包括了一些其他指标，这些指标都表明tep后TL患者的生活质量得到了改善。由于这些量表仅在一项研究中出现，因此无法进行荟萃分析。结论：TEP是改善TL患者生活质量和满意度的一种有价值的干预措施，目前尚无描述TL患者生活质量的标准化工具，因此作者建议根据其所代表的生活质量的具体方面来选择工具。证据等级：2a。
{"title":"Tracheoesophageal puncture and quality of life after total laryngectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Raika Bourmand MSc, Sofia E. Olsson BS, Arman Fijany MD","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total laryngectomy (TL) is a standard induction treatment for laryngeal cancer. Patients have shown decreased quality of life (QOL) following laryngectomy potentially due to its impact on communication. This study is a systematic review of the effects of TEP on QOL in TL patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data was extracted from PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science. A systematic review of literature assessing QOL after TEP within the last decade was conducted using PRISMA methodology. The initial search yielded 71 publications filtered to 15 after removing duplicates, non-English publications, and title screening. Two researchers independently reviewed abstracts, and 11 articles were retained. After a full article review, 6 examined QOL in TEP patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studies concluded that post-TL, patients with TEP experienced improved QOL than before the procedure or non-TEP alternatives for speech. The collective sample size yielded 253 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvement in QOL described by the University of Washington—Quality of Life Index (<i>p</i> < .0001) and insignificant improvement defined by the Voice Handicap Index (<i>p</i> = .07). Several additional indices were included in the articles, all of which indicated improved QOL in TL patients post-TEP. These scales could not undergo meta-analysis due to their presence in only 1 study each.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TEP is a valuable intervention in improving patient QOL and satisfaction following TL. There is no standardized tool for describing QOL in TL patients, so the authors recommend tools be chosen based on the specific aspects of QOL they represent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2a.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during endoscopic thyroid surgery and evaluated its accuracy.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we develop an AI model using a dataset of endoscopic thyroid surgery videos, including hemithyroidectomy procedures performed between April 2019 and September 2023 at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. Semantic segmentation deep learning methods were applied to analyze the endoscopic thyroid surgery videos.
Results
Forty endoscopic thyroid surgery videos, all in high definition or better quality, were analyzed. The Dice values were 0.351, 0.568, and 0.746 for the inferior thyroid artery, RLN, and trachea, respectively. Data augmentation was performed by cropping, standardizing, and resizing to reduce false positives and improve accuracy.
Conclusions
The AI model showed high recognition accuracy of the RLN and trachea. This method holds potential for assisting in future cervical gasless endoscopic surgeries.
{"title":"Anatomical recognition artificial intelligence for identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve during endoscopic thyroid surgery: A single-center feasibility study","authors":"Yukio Nishiya MD, PhD, Kazuto Matsuura MD, PhD, Tateo Ogane, Kazuyuki Hayashi MEng, Yumi Kinebuchi MBA, Hirotaka Tanaka MEng, Wataru Okano MD, PhD, Toshifumi Tomioka MD, PhD, Takeshi Shinozaki MD, PhD, Ryuichi Hayashi MD","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lio2.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during endoscopic thyroid surgery and evaluated its accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this retrospective study, we develop an AI model using a dataset of endoscopic thyroid surgery videos, including hemithyroidectomy procedures performed between April 2019 and September 2023 at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. Semantic segmentation deep learning methods were applied to analyze the endoscopic thyroid surgery videos.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty endoscopic thyroid surgery videos, all in high definition or better quality, were analyzed. The Dice values were 0.351, 0.568, and 0.746 for the inferior thyroid artery, RLN, and trachea, respectively. Data augmentation was performed by cropping, standardizing, and resizing to reduce false positives and improve accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The AI model showed high recognition accuracy of the RLN and trachea. This method holds potential for assisting in future cervical gasless endoscopic surgeries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis Friis Jensen MD, Louise Hill-Madsen MD, Niels H. Holm MD, Therese Ovesen DMSc
Objectives
Our objective is to evaluate the prevalence of tympanic membrane (TM) retractions and management of signs of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in both children and adults following type 1 tympanoplasty or myringoplasty. Furthermore, to identify potential risk factors for developing ETD and TM retractions.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 423 patients (5–86 years of age) undergoing 452 procedures. We extracted data from electronic patient journals during scheduled consultations to calculate prevalences and relative risks. The project was reported to the Danish Data Protection Authority, and access to electronic patient journals was approved by the Institutional Board of Gødstrup Hospital.
Results
At 1 year postoperative follow-up, the prevalence of TM retractions was 12.7% and ETD manifestations without a concurrent TM retraction was 4.2%. The graft failure rate was 11.0%. Risk factors for developing TM retractions included preoperative myringosclerosis, history of ipsilateral ear surgery, posterior perforations, and use of perichondrium graft. Conversely, previous contralateral ear surgery and temporal fascia graft use were associated with decreased risk. ETD manifestations were significantly increased in cases of preoperative bilateral perforation, history of ipsilateral ventilation tube, and traumatic TM perforation.
Conclusions
TM retractions accounted for 12.7%, ETD manifestations without a concurrent TM retraction 4.2%, and graft failure 11.0%. The dynamic nature of these complications necessitates diligent follow-up strategies.
{"title":"Danish cohort study of tympanic membrane retractions and manifestations of Eustachian tube dysfunction","authors":"Dennis Friis Jensen MD, Louise Hill-Madsen MD, Niels H. Holm MD, Therese Ovesen DMSc","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our objective is to evaluate the prevalence of tympanic membrane (TM) retractions and management of signs of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in both children and adults following type 1 tympanoplasty or myringoplasty. Furthermore, to identify potential risk factors for developing ETD and TM retractions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cohort study of 423 patients (5–86 years of age) undergoing 452 procedures. We extracted data from electronic patient journals during scheduled consultations to calculate prevalences and relative risks. The project was reported to the Danish Data Protection Authority, and access to electronic patient journals was approved by the Institutional Board of Gødstrup Hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At 1 year postoperative follow-up, the prevalence of TM retractions was 12.7% and ETD manifestations without a concurrent TM retraction was 4.2%. The graft failure rate was 11.0%. Risk factors for developing TM retractions included preoperative myringosclerosis, history of ipsilateral ear surgery, posterior perforations, and use of perichondrium graft. Conversely, previous contralateral ear surgery and temporal fascia graft use were associated with decreased risk. ETD manifestations were significantly increased in cases of preoperative bilateral perforation, history of ipsilateral ventilation tube, and traumatic TM perforation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TM retractions accounted for 12.7%, ETD manifestations without a concurrent TM retraction 4.2%, and graft failure 11.0%. The dynamic nature of these complications necessitates diligent follow-up strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Level 4.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Ahmadian BS, Nader Wehbi BS, Claire M. Gleadhill MD, Natalie Monahan CCC-SLP, Charles J. Gallego BS, Jonathan R. Skirko MD, Helena T. Yip MD
Introduction
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a complex disorder characterized by episodic adduction of the vocal folds during inspiration and expiration, which can lead to dyspnea, wheezing, cough, and acute-onset respiratory distress. Currently, there is a lack of standardized criteria among treating physicians across multiple disciplines, including otolaryngologists, pulmonologists, allergists, and speech and language pathologists, for diagnosis and treatment of VCD, although laryngeal-respiratory retraining therapy (LRT) has emerged as the preferred treatment modality.
Objective
In the present study, we examined the efficacy of LRT in patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of VCD in the presence and absence of laryngeal adduction on laryngoscopy.
Results
Overall, 74.1% of the cohort showed a response to LRT, of which 62.1% were partial and 12.1% were significant responses. When comparing between patients with and without laryngeal adduction on laryngoscopy, there were no significant differences in the number of sessions of LRT undertaken, mean time to response, and overall response rate between the groups.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that LRT should be utilized for all patients presenting with symptoms of VCD, even in the absence of laryngeal adduction on laryngoscopy.
{"title":"Vocal cord dysfunction: Does laryngeal adduction on laryngoscopy predict disease severity and response to laryngeal retraining therapy?","authors":"David Ahmadian BS, Nader Wehbi BS, Claire M. Gleadhill MD, Natalie Monahan CCC-SLP, Charles J. Gallego BS, Jonathan R. Skirko MD, Helena T. Yip MD","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a complex disorder characterized by episodic adduction of the vocal folds during inspiration and expiration, which can lead to dyspnea, wheezing, cough, and acute-onset respiratory distress. Currently, there is a lack of standardized criteria among treating physicians across multiple disciplines, including otolaryngologists, pulmonologists, allergists, and speech and language pathologists, for diagnosis and treatment of VCD, although laryngeal-respiratory retraining therapy (LRT) has emerged as the preferred treatment modality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, we examined the efficacy of LRT in patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of VCD in the presence and absence of laryngeal adduction on laryngoscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 74.1% of the cohort showed a response to LRT, of which 62.1% were partial and 12.1% were significant responses. When comparing between patients with and without laryngeal adduction on laryngoscopy, there were no significant differences in the number of sessions of LRT undertaken, mean time to response, and overall response rate between the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that LRT should be utilized for all patients presenting with symptoms of VCD, even in the absence of laryngeal adduction on laryngoscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to qualitatively evaluate the variations in nerve bundles between patients with normal anatomy and those with inner-ear anomalies.
Methods
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the temporal bones of candidates for cochlear implants (CIs) enrolled at a tertiary center were retrospectively reviewed from the clinical database. The 3.0-Tesla MRI scans were analyzed using a three-dimensional slicer to visualize the nerve bundles in the internal auditory canal.
Results
A total of 49 ears were analyzed. Twenty ears exhibited normal inner ear anatomy, whereas 29 ears had various inner-ear malformations. The cochlear nerve (CN) was visible on all 20 scans with normal inner-ear anatomy. In addition, the CN was visualized in 18 scans with inner ear malformations. Furthermore, the CN was identified in six of the eight scans with IP type I, whereas in two scans, the CN and vestibular nerve were unclear. Three scans with a common cavity showed only two nerve bundles.
Conclusion
The findings of this study show that the CN can be visualized in most inner-ear anatomical types. Even in severely malformed inner ears, the common nerve bundle that represents the cochlear and vestibular nerves can be visualized. The MRI is highly recommended for CN assessment before CI surgery.
{"title":"Cochlear nerve visualization in Normal anatomy and inner ear malformations","authors":"Majed Assiri MD, Tawfiq Khurayzi MD, Fida Almuhawas MD, Kurt Schlemmer MD, Abdulrahman Hagr MD, Anandhan Dhanasingh PhD","doi":"10.1002/lio2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to qualitatively evaluate the variations in nerve bundles between patients with normal anatomy and those with inner-ear anomalies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the temporal bones of candidates for cochlear implants (CIs) enrolled at a tertiary center were retrospectively reviewed from the clinical database. The 3.0-Tesla MRI scans were analyzed using a three-dimensional slicer to visualize the nerve bundles in the internal auditory canal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 49 ears were analyzed. Twenty ears exhibited normal inner ear anatomy, whereas 29 ears had various inner-ear malformations. The cochlear nerve (CN) was visible on all 20 scans with normal inner-ear anatomy. In addition, the CN was visualized in 18 scans with inner ear malformations. Furthermore, the CN was identified in six of the eight scans with IP type I, whereas in two scans, the CN and vestibular nerve were unclear. Three scans with a common cavity showed only two nerve bundles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this study show that the CN can be visualized in most inner-ear anatomical types. Even in severely malformed inner ears, the common nerve bundle that represents the cochlear and vestibular nerves can be visualized. The MRI is highly recommended for CN assessment before CI surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Evidence</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Level IV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48529,"journal":{"name":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lio2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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