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Investigating the relationships between class probabilities and users’ appropriate trust in computer vision classifications of ambiguous images 模糊图像计算机视觉分类中分类概率与用户适当信任度的关系研究
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101149
Gabriel Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Dalai dos Santos Ribeiro, Marisa do Carmo Silva, Hélio Lopes, Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa

The large-scale adoption of systems that automate classifications using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms raises pressing challenges as they support or make decisions with profound consequences for human beings. It is important to understand how users’ trust is affected by ML models’ suggestions, even when those models are wrong. Many research efforts have focused on the user’s ability to interpret what a model has learned. In this paper, we seek to understand another aspect of ML interpretability: whether and how the presence of classification probabilities and their different distributions are related to users’ trust in model outcomes, especially in ambiguous instances. To this end, we conducted two online surveys in which we asked participants to evaluate their agreement with image classifications of pictures of animals made by an ML model. In the first, we analyze their trust before and after presenting them the model classification probabilities. In the second, we investigate the relationships between class probability distributions and users’ trust in the model. We found that, in some cases, the additional information is correlated with undue trust in the model’s classifications. However, in others, they are associated with inappropriate skepticism.

使用机器学习(ML)算法自动分类的系统的大规模采用带来了紧迫的挑战,因为它们支持或做出对人类产生深远影响的决策。重要的是要了解ML模型的建议如何影响用户的信任,即使这些模型是错误的。许多研究工作都集中在用户解释模型所学内容的能力上。在本文中,我们试图理解ML可解释性的另一个方面:分类概率及其不同分布的存在是否以及如何与用户对模型结果的信任有关,尤其是在模糊的情况下。为此,我们进行了两次在线调查,要求参与者评估他们对ML模型制作的动物图片的图像分类的一致性。在第一部分中,我们分析了他们在给出模型分类概率之前和之后的信任。在第二章中,我们研究了类概率分布与用户对模型的信任之间的关系。我们发现,在某些情况下,额外的信息与对模型分类的过度信任有关。然而,在其他人身上,它们与不恰当的怀疑论联系在一起。
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引用次数: 0
Hapi: A domain-specific language for the declaration of access policies Hapi:用于声明访问策略的特定领域语言
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101153
Vinícius Julião Ramos, Alexander Holmquist, Fernando Magno Quintão Pereira

Access policies specify what are the actions that different actors can perform on available resources. Access policies are a core notion in multiuser environments, such as operating systems and distributed databases. Currently, most of these systems use general data specification languages, such as JSON, XML and YAML to describe access policies. Yet, domain-specific languages are also available for this task. One of such languages is Legalease, from Microsoft. This paper presents a new version of Legalease, called Hapi. Hapi replaces Legalease’s notion of a lattice with a partially ordered set (poset). Posets improve the expressivity of Legalease, at the expenses of a more expensive verification algorithm. This poset-based representation generalizes the notion of actors, actions and resources to user-defined entities. Hapi is publicly available. Its distribution includes a policy visualizer and a code-compression tool to efficiently store specifications.

访问策略指定不同参与者可以对可用资源执行哪些操作。访问策略是多用户环境(如操作系统和分布式数据库)中的核心概念。目前,这些系统大多使用通用的数据规范语言,如JSON、XML和YAML来描述访问策略。然而,域特定语言也可用于此任务。其中一种语言是微软的Legalese。本文介绍了Legalace的一个新版本,名为Hapi。Hapi用偏序集(偏序集)取代了Legalese关于格的概念。Posets以更昂贵的验证算法为代价,提高了Legalace的表达能力。这种基于偏序集的表示将参与者、动作和资源的概念概括为用户定义的实体。Hapi是公开的。它的发行版包括一个策略可视化工具和一个代码压缩工具,用于有效地存储规范。
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引用次数: 1
Automatic mandala pattern design and generation based on COOM framework 基于COOM框架的曼陀罗图案自动设计与生成
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101138
Shuchang Xu , Yu Zhang , Simin Yan

We propose a novel framework to automatically design and generate exquisite color mandala patterns. First, we summarize pre-requirements for generating reasonable and applicable mandala patterns followed by introducing COOM (Curve, Object, Operation and Model), the fundamental framework of mandala pattern generator. The framework defines how to effectively create visually pleasing mandala sketches. Then we propose a color transfer-based method to colorize the mandala sketch, in which all similar regions will share the same color. Currently, the automatically generated mandala patterns have been used in a mobile game with 3 million DAU (Daily Active Users). The experiments show that our mandala generator is quite effective and comparable with professional artists.

我们提出了一种新颖的框架来自动设计和生成精美的彩色曼陀罗图案。首先,我们总结了生成合理适用的曼陀罗模式的先决条件,然后介绍了曼陀罗图案生成器的基本框架COOM(曲线、对象、操作和模型)。该框架定义了如何有效地创建视觉上令人愉悦的曼陀罗草图。然后,我们提出了一种基于颜色转移的方法来对曼陀罗草图进行着色,其中所有相似的区域都将共享相同的颜色。目前,自动生成的曼陀罗图案已在拥有300万DAU(每日活跃用户)的手机游戏中使用。实验表明,我们的曼陀罗发生器非常有效,可以与专业艺术家相媲美。
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引用次数: 1
Combining stream with data parallelism abstractions for multi-cores 结合多核流和数据并行抽象
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101160
Júnior Löff, Renato B. Hoffmann, Dalvan Griebler, L. G. Fernandes
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引用次数: 0
Taming stateful computations in Rust with typestates 用类型状态驯服Rust中的状态计算
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101154
José Duarte , António Ravara

As our lives become increasingly more reliant on software, the impact of its failures grows as well; these failures have diverse causes and their impact ranges from negligible to life-threatening; thus, it is our duty as developers to minimize their occurrence, just as other fields do.

To that end, we build abstractions, move complexity from component to component, and much more, just to stop the end-user from shooting themselves in the foot. However, building said abstractions still requires the original author to know where the pitfalls lie and how to avoid them, an implicit contract that does not constitute a guarantee that they will not shoot themselves and their users in the feet.

Rust aims to minimize the amount of handguns users have at their disposal, locking them behind special unsafe blocks and restricting the set of possible programs through static analysis; this analysis is performed by the compiler which ensures that the program does not contain memory related errors such as use-after-free bugs.

While Rust is able to succeed in the previous domain, other error classes persist, such as errors related to API misusage. Our work aims to tackle that domain, providing a tool which enables developers to write safer APIs using typestates.

We propose a macro which embeds a typestate description DSL in Rust which allows developers to specify typestates for their APIs; the typestate is checked at compile-time for common mistakes and to ensure the correct usage of the typestate, we leverage Rust’s type system.

Our work only requires a Rust compiler, avoiding workflow bloat and keeping the development experience simple; it is open-source and available at https://github.com/rustype/typestate-rs.

随着我们的生活越来越依赖软件,软件故障的影响也越来越大;这些故障的原因多种多样,其影响从微不足道到危及生命不等;因此,作为开发人员,我们有责任像其他领域一样,尽量减少它们的出现。为此,我们构建抽象,将复杂性从一个组件转移到另一个组件,等等,只是为了防止最终用户自食其果。然而,构建所说的抽象仍然需要原作者知道陷阱在哪里,以及如何避免它们,这是一种隐含的契约,并不构成他们不会向自己和用户开枪的保证。Rust旨在最大限度地减少用户可支配的手枪数量,将其锁定在特殊的不安全块后面,并通过静态分析限制可能的程序集;这种分析是由编译器执行的,它确保程序不包含与内存相关的错误,例如释放错误后使用。虽然Rust能够在上一个域中成功,但其他错误类仍然存在,例如与API误用有关的错误。我们的工作旨在解决这个领域,提供一种工具,使开发人员能够使用类型状态编写更安全的API。我们提出了一个宏,它在Rust中嵌入了一个类型状态描述DSL,允许开发人员为他们的API指定类型状态;在编译时会检查typestate是否存在常见错误,为了确保typestate的正确使用,我们利用了Rust的类型系统。我们的工作只需要一个Rust编译器,避免了工作流程膨胀,并使开发体验变得简单;它是开源的,可在https://github.com/rustype/typestate-rs.
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引用次数: 2
COMORP: Rapid prototyping for mathematical database cost models development 用于数学数据库成本模型开发的快速原型
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101173
Abdelkader Ouared, Moussa Amrani, P. Schobbens
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引用次数: 1
Investigating a visual interface for elementary students to formulate AI planning tasks 为小学生设计一个可视化界面来制定人工智能规划任务
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101157
Kyungjin Park, Bradford W. Mott, S. J. Lee, Anisha Gupta, Katie Jantaraweragul, Krista D. Glazewski, J. Scribner, Anne T. Ottenbreit-Leftwich, C. Hmelo‐Silver, James Lester
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引用次数: 2
PeachPie: Mature PHP to CLI compiler 成熟的PHP到CLI编译器
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101152
Robert Husák, Jakub Mísek, F. Zavoral, J. Kofroň
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引用次数: 0
Taming stateful computations in Rust with typestates 在Rust中使用类型状态驯服有状态计算
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101154
J. Duarte, A. Ravara
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引用次数: 1
Hapi: A domain-specific language for the declaration of access policies Hapi:用于声明访问策略的特定于领域的语言
IF 2.2 3区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2022.101153
Vinícius Julião Ramos, Alexander Holmquist, Fernando Magno Quintão Pereira
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Computer Languages
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