Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.005
Zhuo Chen , Xin Gao , Jiaqiang Lei
The Aralkum Desert, arising from the significant reduction of the Aral Sea since the 1960s, is recognized as a prominent contributor to salt-dust storms in Central Asia. This study used SBAS-InSAR technology to monitor ground deformation from wind erosion in the southern Aralkum Desert, analyzing wind-blown sediment subsidence and accumulation. The sensitivity of wind erosion to various influencing factors was further analyzed using the Geodetector model. Results indicate a negative correlation between wind erosion intensity and exposure time. The coastlines of the eastern and western lobes are experiencing the most severe erosion, with ground settlement exceeding 20 mm yr−1. Sand-drift activities exhibit a seasonal pattern, with spring experiencing the most notable absolute deformation. Soil moisture was identified as the primary factor controlling ground deformation, while wind speed was the essential factor leading to the deformation. Based on the time series of ground deformation, the dried Aral Sea basin can be clustered into rapid erosion, slow erosion, stable, slow deposit, and rapid deposit zones, respectively. Finally, an intense dust event on March 22, 2020, was used to verify the results derived from the SBAS-InSAR technology. Different from the previous studies, this research provides a more detailed view of wind-blown sediment subsidence and accumulation, moving beyond the concept of the dried Aral Sea basin as a simple source of dust emissions. These findings offer vital insights for the quantitative estimation of dust emissions in the southern Aral Sea basin.
由于咸海自1960年代以来大量减少而产生的咸海沙漠被认为是造成中亚盐尘风暴的主要因素。本研究利用SBAS-InSAR技术对阿拉尔库姆沙漠南部地区的地面风蚀变形进行了监测，分析了风沙沉降和堆积情况。利用Geodetector模型进一步分析了风蚀对各种影响因素的敏感性。结果表明，风蚀强度与暴露时间呈负相关。东叶和西叶的海岸线正在经历最严重的侵蚀，地面沉降超过20mm yr - 1。沙流活动具有季节性，以春季的绝对变形最为显著。土壤湿度是控制地表变形的主要因素，风速是导致地表变形的主要因素。根据地面变形时间序列，咸海盆地可分为快速侵蚀带、缓慢侵蚀带、稳定带、缓慢沉积带和快速沉积带。最后，利用2020年3月22日的一次强烈沙尘事件来验证SBAS-InSAR技术的结果。与以往的研究不同，本研究提供了更详细的风吹沉积物沉降和堆积的观点，超越了干燥咸海盆地作为粉尘排放源的简单概念。这些发现为定量估计咸海南部盆地的粉尘排放提供了重要的见解。
{"title":"Monitoring of wind erosion in the southern Aral Sea using SBAS-InSAR technology","authors":"Zhuo Chen , Xin Gao , Jiaqiang Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Aralkum Desert, arising from the significant reduction of the Aral Sea since the 1960s, is recognized as a prominent contributor to salt-dust storms in Central Asia. This study used SBAS-InSAR technology to monitor ground deformation from wind erosion in the southern Aralkum Desert, analyzing wind-blown sediment subsidence and accumulation. The sensitivity of wind erosion to various influencing factors was further analyzed using the Geodetector model. Results indicate a negative correlation between wind erosion intensity and exposure time. The coastlines of the eastern and western lobes are experiencing the most severe erosion, with ground settlement exceeding 20 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. Sand-drift activities exhibit a seasonal pattern, with spring experiencing the most notable absolute deformation. Soil moisture was identified as the primary factor controlling ground deformation, while wind speed was the essential factor leading to the deformation. Based on the time series of ground deformation, the dried Aral Sea basin can be clustered into rapid erosion, slow erosion, stable, slow deposit, and rapid deposit zones, respectively. Finally, an intense dust event on March 22, 2020, was used to verify the results derived from the SBAS-InSAR technology. Different from the previous studies, this research provides a more detailed view of wind-blown sediment subsidence and accumulation, moving beyond the concept of the dried Aral Sea basin as a simple source of dust emissions. These findings offer vital insights for the quantitative estimation of dust emissions in the southern Aral Sea basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 551-563"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.004
Yulong Shi , Tingting Li , Li Zheng , Xuekai Jing , Mengni Li , Hafiz Athar Hussain , Qingwen Zhang
Soil erosion accelerates the loss of soil carbon (C) pools and then exacerbates the microbial C limitation. However, the extent to which soil microbial C limitation influences soil C cycling processes in different erosion environments remains unclear. We analyzed the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) content, extracellular enzyme activities and C limitation between sloping cropland and adjacent forestland in a typical small watershed, and further explored the relationship between soil C limitation and the abundance of C cycling genes in different erosion environments. The results revealed that sloping cropland exhibited a 31.70 % higher soil erodibility (Kerosion) compared to forestland, making it more prone to soil erosion. Moreover, the SOC content in sloping cropland was 61.72 % lower than that in forestland. Although there was no significant difference in absolute enzyme activities between sloping cropland and forestland, the specific enzyme activities per unit of SOC (including carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus enzymes) in sloping cropland were significantly higher than those in forestland. The loss of SOC further exacerbated C limitation in sloping cropland and stimulated an increase in the abundance of C cycle genes involved in complex organic C degradation. Additionally, the C cycling genes enriched in sloping cropland demonstrated a significant positive correlation with soil CO2 emissions (p < 0.01). Therefore, we emphasize that soil erosion stimulates an increase in the abundance of C cycle genes, particularly those involved in complex SOC degradation, as a response to C limitation in erosion-prone sloping cropland. The findings provide scientific support for developing effective soil and water conservation measures to reduce soil C loss and maintain the ecological balance of sloping cropland.
{"title":"Soil erosion accelerates carbon cycling as a response to carbon limitation in erosion-prone sloping cropland","authors":"Yulong Shi , Tingting Li , Li Zheng , Xuekai Jing , Mengni Li , Hafiz Athar Hussain , Qingwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion accelerates the loss of soil carbon (C) pools and then exacerbates the microbial C limitation. However, the extent to which soil microbial C limitation influences soil C cycling processes in different erosion environments remains unclear. We analyzed the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) content, extracellular enzyme activities and C limitation between sloping cropland and adjacent forestland in a typical small watershed, and further explored the relationship between soil C limitation and the abundance of C cycling genes in different erosion environments. The results revealed that sloping cropland exhibited a 31.70 % higher soil erodibility (K<sub>erosion</sub>) compared to forestland, making it more prone to soil erosion. Moreover, the SOC content in sloping cropland was 61.72 % lower than that in forestland. Although there was no significant difference in absolute enzyme activities between sloping cropland and forestland, the specific enzyme activities per unit of SOC (including carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus enzymes) in sloping cropland were significantly higher than those in forestland. The loss of SOC further exacerbated C limitation in sloping cropland and stimulated an increase in the abundance of C cycle genes involved in complex organic C degradation. Additionally, the C cycling genes enriched in sloping cropland demonstrated a significant positive correlation with soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Therefore, we emphasize that soil erosion stimulates an increase in the abundance of C cycle genes, particularly those involved in complex SOC degradation, as a response to C limitation in erosion-prone sloping cropland. The findings provide scientific support for developing effective soil and water conservation measures to reduce soil C loss and maintain the ecological balance of sloping cropland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 971-978"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-10DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.003
Jingzhe Wang , Jianli Ding , Ivan Lizaga , Ajay Singh , Paolo Tarolli
{"title":"The rising threat of subsoil salinization in drylands","authors":"Jingzhe Wang , Jianli Ding , Ivan Lizaga , Ajay Singh , Paolo Tarolli","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1044-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.001
Heqiang Du , Yawei Fan , Ruiqiang Ding , Zongxing Li , Liu Yongjie
Nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV) including dormant vegetation and plant residues plays important roles in wind erosion control. However, the effects of NPV on wind erosion have not been fully considered at regional scales, which led to large uncertainties in wind erosion simulations. With the development of NPV remote sensing technology and drag partition schemes, an integrated wind erosion model with nonphotosynthetic vegetation monitoring has become possible. Here, we integrated a wind erosion model and a NPV monitoring method and simulated wind erosion processes in the desert steppe (DS) of Inner Mongolia and the Mu Us Sandy Land (MU). After we nested NPV monitoring in the wind erosion model, an integrated model was developed, by which total vegetation cover and the corresponding frontal area were derived. Then, the aerodynamic parameters of the roughness elements were extracted using the Raupach drag partition scheme. The integrated model provided more accurate simulated wind erosion results compared to the original model, and the relative error of the simulated results by the integrated model was reduced by 61 %. NPV played an important role in wind erosion control, especially in non-growing seasons and in semi-arid regions. Finally, we discussed the potential uncertainties in wind erosion simulations induced by vegetation parameters. Our study provides a new insight into wind erosion simulations and the simulation results provide support for land conservation.
{"title":"An integrated wind erosion model with nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV) based on remote sensing","authors":"Heqiang Du , Yawei Fan , Ruiqiang Ding , Zongxing Li , Liu Yongjie","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV) including dormant vegetation and plant residues plays important roles in wind erosion control. However, the effects of NPV on wind erosion have not been fully considered at regional scales, which led to large uncertainties in wind erosion simulations. With the development of NPV remote sensing technology and drag partition schemes, an integrated wind erosion model with nonphotosynthetic vegetation monitoring has become possible. Here, we integrated a wind erosion model and a NPV monitoring method and simulated wind erosion processes in the desert steppe (DS) of Inner Mongolia and the Mu Us Sandy Land (MU). After we nested NPV monitoring in the wind erosion model, an integrated model was developed, by which total vegetation cover and the corresponding frontal area were derived. Then, the aerodynamic parameters of the roughness elements were extracted using the Raupach drag partition scheme. The integrated model provided more accurate simulated wind erosion results compared to the original model, and the relative error of the simulated results by the integrated model was reduced by 61 %. NPV played an important role in wind erosion control, especially in non-growing seasons and in semi-arid regions. Finally, we discussed the potential uncertainties in wind erosion simulations induced by vegetation parameters. Our study provides a new insight into wind erosion simulations and the simulation results provide support for land conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 511-525"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.002
Qiaoyan Chen , Siyuan Cheng , Shuting Yu , Xiaowei Guo , Zhongyi Sun , Zhongmin Hu , Licong Dai
Tropical primary forests have been rapidly reduced in recent decade owing to slash-and-burn, leading to the formation of tropical secondary forests in different recovery stages. However, it is still unclear whether the soil water retention capacity in secondary forests can recover to the level of soil water retention in old-growth forest. In this study, three recovery stages of tropical secondary forests (i.e. early recovery stage, middle recovery stage, late recovery stage), and old-growth forest were selected for comparison in tropical forests on Hainan Island. By using spatiotemporal substitution method, we investigated the variation of soil water retention in three recovery stages and old-growth forest, and revealed its dominant controlling factors. The results showed that 0–60 cm soil water retention was improved as recovery stage progresses. Specifically, the topsoil (0–10 cm) soil water retention in later stage almost could recover the level of old-growth forest, whereas the deep soil (10–60 cm) water retention may not recover the level of old-growth forest as recovery stage progresses. Additionally, the soil structure and soil nutrients also improve while the soil aggregates stability reduced as recovery stage progresses. Among these properties, total porosity was found to be the most important factor controlling soil water retention, accounting for 27.44 %, followed by bulk density (19.62 %) and capillary porosity (16.83 %), but soil particle size composition had a weakly effect on soil water retention. Overall, our results suggested that forest restoration is effective measures improve topsoil water retention capacity, but the deep soil water retention capacity may need more years to recovery. These findings have implications for the management and retention of primary forests and the restoration of secondary forests.
{"title":"Forest restoration in tropical forests recovers topsoil water retention but does not improve deep soil layers","authors":"Qiaoyan Chen , Siyuan Cheng , Shuting Yu , Xiaowei Guo , Zhongyi Sun , Zhongmin Hu , Licong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical primary forests have been rapidly reduced in recent decade owing to slash-and-burn, leading to the formation of tropical secondary forests in different recovery stages. However, it is still unclear whether the soil water retention capacity in secondary forests can recover to the level of soil water retention in old-growth forest. In this study, three recovery stages of tropical secondary forests (i.e. early recovery stage, middle recovery stage, late recovery stage), and old-growth forest were selected for comparison in tropical forests on Hainan Island. By using spatiotemporal substitution method, we investigated the variation of soil water retention in three recovery stages and old-growth forest, and revealed its dominant controlling factors. The results showed that 0–60 cm soil water retention was improved as recovery stage progresses. Specifically, the topsoil (0–10 cm) soil water retention in later stage almost could recover the level of old-growth forest, whereas the deep soil (10–60 cm) water retention may not recover the level of old-growth forest as recovery stage progresses. Additionally, the soil structure and soil nutrients also improve while the soil aggregates stability reduced as recovery stage progresses. Among these properties, total porosity was found to be the most important factor controlling soil water retention, accounting for 27.44 %, followed by bulk density (19.62 %) and capillary porosity (16.83 %), but soil particle size composition had a weakly effect on soil water retention. Overall, our results suggested that forest restoration is effective measures improve topsoil water retention capacity, but the deep soil water retention capacity may need more years to recovery. These findings have implications for the management and retention of primary forests and the restoration of secondary forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 922-932"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.04.002
Yuanyuan Li , Jiayan Yang , Mingyi Yang , Bing Wang , Fengbao Zhang
Variation of soil properties induced by biochar amendments affects soil detachment capacity (Dc). However, the long-term effects of biochar on Dc have remained unexplored. This study assessed the variation of Dc with the rates and elapsed time since apple branch-derived biochar application, and quantified the relationship of Dc with hydrodynamic parameters and soil physicochemical properties in a three-year field experiment. Undisturbed soil samples to 20 cm depth were collected by using steel rings from field plots treated with biochar at 0, 24, 60, 96, 132, and 168 t ha−1 after biochar application for 1, 2 and 3 years. The Dc of these samples was evaluated through a flume experiment, with scouring soil samples under three flow discharge rates (0.00025, 0.00045, and 0.00065 m3 s−1) and five slope gradients (5.24, 8.75, 17.63, 26.79, and 40.40 %). Results revealed that, compared with no biochar treatment, the application of 24∼96 t ha−1 biochar after 1–2 years generally resulted in a reduction of Dc ranging from 6 %∼80 %, with a mean of 36 %. Conversely, 132 and 168 t ha−1 biochar application increased Dc by 59 % and 45 %. All biochar treatments after 3 years resulted in a 48 % reduction in Dc relative to bare soil. The Dc generally decreased with an increasing of rates and elapsed time since biochar application. The mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) and cohesion (COH) were the key indices influencing Dc in the first two years, while total organic carbon (TOC) started to significantly affect Dc in the last year. Shear stress (τ) emerged as the optimal hydrodynamic parameter for simulating Dc. Power function equations well estimated Dc using τ, MWD, COH, and TOC under biochar application. These results demonstrate that applying biochar with sufficient elapsed time since application and low rates, rather than minimal elapsed time since application and high rates leads to a greater enhancement of soil erosion resistance for loess soils, with potential to control rill erosion for degraded or degrading sloping farmland at risk of erosion on the Loess Plateau.
生物炭改性引起的土壤性质变化影响土壤剥离能力（Dc）。然而，生物炭对Dc的长期影响仍未得到探索。本研究通过3年的田间试验，评估了苹果枝源生物炭施用后土壤中直流电含量随施用速率和施用时间的变化，并定量分析了直流电含量与水动力参数和土壤理化性质的关系。在施用生物炭1、2和3年后，分别在0、24、60、96、132和168 t ha - 1处理过的地块上，采用钢环收集20 cm深度的原状土壤样品。在3种流量（0.00025、0.00045和0.00065 m3 s−1）和5种坡度（5.24、8.75、17.63、26.79和40.40%）条件下，通过水槽试验评估了冲刷土样品的Dc。结果表明，与没有生物炭处理相比，1 - 2年后施用24 ~ 96 tha - 1生物炭通常导致Dc降低6% ~ 80%，平均为36%。相反，施用132和168 t ha - 1生物炭可使Dc分别增加59%和45%。3年后，所有的生物炭处理导致Dc相对于裸土减少48%。自生物炭施用以来，Dc一般随速率和时间的增加而降低。土壤团聚体平均重径（MWD）和黏聚力（COH）是前2年影响土壤水分流变性的关键指标，而总有机碳（TOC）从去年开始显著影响土壤水分流变性。剪切应力（τ）是模拟直流的最佳水动力参数。在生物炭应用下，幂函数方程利用τ、MWD、COH和TOC很好地估计了Dc。这些结果表明，施用生物炭后，施用足够的时间和较低的施用量，而不是施用最短的时间和较高的施用量，可以更大程度地增强黄土土壤的抗侵蚀能力，并有可能控制黄土高原有侵蚀风险的退化或退化坡耕地的细沟侵蚀。
{"title":"Biochar application reduces soil detachment capacity by overland flow under a continuous three-year field experiment on the Loess Plateau of China","authors":"Yuanyuan Li , Jiayan Yang , Mingyi Yang , Bing Wang , Fengbao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Variation of soil properties induced by biochar amendments affects soil detachment capacity (D<sub><em>c</em></sub>). However, the long-term effects of biochar on D<sub><em>c</em></sub> have remained unexplored. This study assessed the variation of D<sub><em>c</em></sub> with the rates and elapsed time since apple branch-derived biochar application, and quantified the relationship of D<sub><em>c</em></sub> with hydrodynamic parameters and soil physicochemical properties in a three-year field experiment. Undisturbed soil samples to 20 cm depth were collected by using steel rings from field plots treated with biochar at 0, 24, 60, 96, 132, and 168 t ha<sup>−1</sup> after biochar application for 1, 2 and 3 years. The D<sub><em>c</em></sub> of these samples was evaluated through a flume experiment, with scouring soil samples under three flow discharge rates (0.00025, 0.00045, and 0.00065 m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) and five slope gradients (5.24, 8.75, 17.63, 26.79, and 40.40 %). Results revealed that, compared with no biochar treatment, the application of 24∼96 t ha<sup>−1</sup> biochar after 1–2 years generally resulted in a reduction of D<sub><em>c</em></sub> ranging from 6 %∼80 %, with a mean of 36 %. Conversely, 132 and 168 t ha<sup>−1</sup> biochar application increased D<sub><em>c</em></sub> by 59 % and 45 %. All biochar treatments after 3 years resulted in a 48 % reduction in D<sub><em>c</em></sub> relative to bare soil. The D<sub><em>c</em></sub> generally decreased with an increasing of rates and elapsed time since biochar application. The mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) and cohesion (COH) were the key indices influencing D<sub><em>c</em></sub> in the first two years, while total organic carbon (TOC) started to significantly affect D<sub><em>c</em></sub> in the last year. Shear stress (<em>τ</em>) emerged as the optimal hydrodynamic parameter for simulating D<sub><em>c</em></sub>. Power function equations well estimated D<sub><em>c</em></sub> using <em>τ</em>, MWD, COH, and TOC under biochar application. These results demonstrate that applying biochar with sufficient elapsed time since application and low rates, rather than minimal elapsed time since application and high rates leads to a greater enhancement of soil erosion resistance for loess soils, with potential to control rill erosion for degraded or degrading sloping farmland at risk of erosion on the Loess Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 687-701"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.007
Luping Ye , Rui Zhang , Xiaoyuan Lin , Kang Ji , Juan Zuo , Yong Zheng , Chuanqin Huang , Li Zhang , Wenfeng Tan
Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is vital for terrestrial carbon reservoirs and the global carbon cycle. Understanding its spatial distribution is essential for environmental management and climate change mitigation. However, there remains a significant gap in predicting the spatial distribution of SIC content (SICC) and density (SICD), and our comprehension of the combined influences of natural factors and human activities on SIC is limited. This study in the Loess Plateau aimed to predict the spatial distribution of SIC content and density using data from 142 soil profiles and environmental covariates. We evaluated random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and Cubist models for their predictive performance using metrics like coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Landscape analysis revealed that land use significantly impacts both horizontal and vertical distributions of SICC and SICD, with leaching being a critical factor. Terrain attributes influenced these patterns by affecting sunlight exposure and hydrothermal conditions. Remote sensing technologies proved valuable for predictions. RF outperformed SVM and Cubist, yielding robust results for SICC (R2: 0.317–0.514, RMSE: 1.386–4.194 g/kg, and MAE: 1.045–2.940 g/kg) and SICD (R2: 0.282–0.490, RMSE: 0.220–1.069 kg m−2, and MAE: 0.174–0.772 kg m−2). RF was used to estimate total SIC stocks at 286.92 × 106 kg, with 49 % found in the 100–200 cm layer, underscoring the carbon sequestration potential of deeper soils. These insights are crucial for policymakers to understand SIC variability and inform sustainable land management strategies.
土壤无机碳（SIC）对陆地碳库和全球碳循环至关重要。了解其空间分布对环境管理和减缓气候变化至关重要。然而，在预测碳化硅含量（SICC）和密度（SICD）的空间分布方面仍存在较大差距，对自然因素和人类活动对碳化硅的综合影响认识有限。利用142个土壤剖面和环境协变量数据，对黄土高原土壤中碳化硅含量和密度的空间分布进行了预测。我们使用决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）和平均绝对误差（MAE）等指标来评估随机森林（RF）、支持向量机（SVM）和立体主义模型的预测性能。景观分析结果表明，土地利用对土壤碳含量和土壤碳含量的水平和垂直分布均有显著影响，淋滤是影响土壤碳含量和土壤碳含量的关键因素。地形属性通过影响阳光照射和热液条件来影响这些模式。遥感技术证明对预测很有价值。RF优于SVM和Cubist，在SICC （R2: 0.317-0.514, RMSE: 1.384 - 4.194 g/kg, MAE: 1.045-2.940 g/kg）和SICD （R2: 0.282-0.490, RMSE: 0.220-1.069 kg m - 2, MAE: 0.174-0.772 kg m - 2）上产生了稳健的结果。利用RF估计，总碳化硅储量为286.92 × 106 kg，其中49%分布在100-200 cm土层，表明深层土壤具有固碳潜力。这些见解对于决策者理解SIC变异性并为可持续土地管理战略提供信息至关重要。
{"title":"Digital mapping of soil inorganic carbon content and density in soil profiles after ‘Grain for Green’ program","authors":"Luping Ye , Rui Zhang , Xiaoyuan Lin , Kang Ji , Juan Zuo , Yong Zheng , Chuanqin Huang , Li Zhang , Wenfeng Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is vital for terrestrial carbon reservoirs and the global carbon cycle. Understanding its spatial distribution is essential for environmental management and climate change mitigation. However, there remains a significant gap in predicting the spatial distribution of SIC content (SICC) and density (SICD), and our comprehension of the combined influences of natural factors and human activities on SIC is limited. This study in the Loess Plateau aimed to predict the spatial distribution of SIC content and density using data from 142 soil profiles and environmental covariates. We evaluated random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and Cubist models for their predictive performance using metrics like coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Landscape analysis revealed that land use significantly impacts both horizontal and vertical distributions of SICC and SICD, with leaching being a critical factor. Terrain attributes influenced these patterns by affecting sunlight exposure and hydrothermal conditions. Remote sensing technologies proved valuable for predictions. RF outperformed SVM and Cubist, yielding robust results for SICC (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.317–0.514, RMSE: 1.386–4.194 g/kg, and MAE: 1.045–2.940 g/kg) and SICD (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.282–0.490, RMSE: 0.220–1.069 kg m<sup>−2</sup>, and MAE: 0.174–0.772 kg m<sup>−2</sup>). RF was used to estimate total SIC stocks at 286.92 × 10<sup>6</sup> kg, with 49 % found in the 100–200 cm layer, underscoring the carbon sequestration potential of deeper soils. These insights are crucial for policymakers to understand SIC variability and inform sustainable land management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 656-674"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.04.001
Xiaojin Xu , Youjin Yan , Quanhou Dai , Fengling Gan , Sherif S.M. Ghoneim
In Karst regions, the impact of widespread bedrock outcrops on soil erosion processes is crucial and cannot be overlooked. These bedrock outcrops not only change the flow of surface runoff, but also have a significant influence on rainfall and sediment redistribution processes driven by runoff. This study aims to utilize simulation experiments and rare earth elements (REE) tracer technology to uncover the underlying effects of exposed bedrock outcrops on the soil erosion process, and the sediment transport patterns on slopes in karst regions during both dry and rainy seasons. The results demonstrate that the REE tracer technique holds considerable practical value for studying soil erosion processes on karst bedrock outcrop slopes. Seasonal variations in soil erosion rates are evident, with distinct differences between dry and rainy seasons due to rainfall flushing effects. Sediment migration on slopes shows both upward and downward movement, with predominant downward migration and deposition. Bedrock outcrops play a significant role in soil redistribution on karst slopes, hindering sediment transport and causing abrupt changes in rare earth element concentrations nearby. Monitoring and predicting soil erosion risk during the rainy season remains crucial for erosion prevention in karst regions. The impact of bedrock outcrops on soil erosion processes and spatial distribution in karst landscapes should be carefully considered when designing control measures. These findings offer a solid scientific foundation for understanding slope soil erosion mechanisms in karst regions and developing effective control strategies.
{"title":"Tracing soil erosion processes in Karst regions using rare earth elements: The role of bedrock outcrops and seasonal impacts","authors":"Xiaojin Xu , Youjin Yan , Quanhou Dai , Fengling Gan , Sherif S.M. Ghoneim","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Karst regions, the impact of widespread bedrock outcrops on soil erosion processes is crucial and cannot be overlooked. These bedrock outcrops not only change the flow of surface runoff, but also have a significant influence on rainfall and sediment redistribution processes driven by runoff. This study aims to utilize simulation experiments and rare earth elements (REE) tracer technology to uncover the underlying effects of exposed bedrock outcrops on the soil erosion process, and the sediment transport patterns on slopes in karst regions during both dry and rainy seasons. The results demonstrate that the REE tracer technique holds considerable practical value for studying soil erosion processes on karst bedrock outcrop slopes. Seasonal variations in soil erosion rates are evident, with distinct differences between dry and rainy seasons due to rainfall flushing effects. Sediment migration on slopes shows both upward and downward movement, with predominant downward migration and deposition. Bedrock outcrops play a significant role in soil redistribution on karst slopes, hindering sediment transport and causing abrupt changes in rare earth element concentrations nearby. Monitoring and predicting soil erosion risk during the rainy season remains crucial for erosion prevention in karst regions. The impact of bedrock outcrops on soil erosion processes and spatial distribution in karst landscapes should be carefully considered when designing control measures. These findings offer a solid scientific foundation for understanding slope soil erosion mechanisms in karst regions and developing effective control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 675-686"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.006
Xinmei Zhao , Tianyang Li , Hongye Zhu , Chi Wang , Hui Yan , Lan Song , Yonghao Li , Binghui He
Hedgerow-grass ditch systems combine the advantages of contour planting and ecological grass ditches and have better soil and water conservation (SWC) benefits; however, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of their combined effects on sediment yield (SY) and N loss with surface runoff. To study the efficient management of hedgerow-ditch system runoff and nutrient loss in sloping farmland, an adjustable slope with a gradient of 15° and a drainage ditch with a gradient of 16° were used under typical erosive rainfall of 60 mm h−1. Four treatments, including control check (CK), bare slope (a slope without hedgerow and ditch system); T1, hedgerow slope (a hedgerow slope without a ditch system); T2, bare slope-soil ditch system (a bare slope with a soil ditch system); and T3, hedgerow-grass ditch system (a slope with hedgerow and a grass ditch system), were used to assess their impacts on runoff depth (RD), infiltration rate, sediment yield, and the concentration and loss quantities of total nitrogen (TN), dissolved nitrogen (DN), and particulate nitrogen (PN) and DN/TN in runoff. The results indicated that, compared with CK, the RD under T1, T2, and T3 were significantly decreased by 16.6 %, 14.4 %, and 54 %, respectively. The infiltration amounts under T1, T2, and T3 were significantly increased by 52.9 %, 45.7 %, and 171.9 %, respectively. The sediment concentration and SY rate were significantly reduced by 69.9 % and 94.9 %, and 22.1 % and 93.3 % under T1 and T3, respectively, but increased by 43.9 % and 274.7 % under T2 relative to CK. The diverse forms nitrogen (TN, DN, and PN) concentrations and losses under T3 were significantly reduced by 21 %, 10.4 %, 30.2 %, and 64.6 %, 57.6 %, and 67.1 %, respectively. The runoff DN/TN ratio was 53 %, revealing that DN was the primary type of N loss. Regression analysis showed that the RD exerted a more pronounced influence on TN loss across the four treatments, and a power function (R2 > 0.98, p < 0.01) of the cumulative RD could be used to predict TN, DN, and PN losses. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the hedgerow-grass ditch system affected slope nitrogen loss by changing the infiltration rate and DN/TN ratio. Our study demonstrates that the hedgerow-grass ditch system effectively reduced the sediment yield and N loss and could be used as an effective means of N control on sloping farmlands.
植物篱-草沟系统结合了等高线种植和生态草沟的优点，具有较好的水土保持效益；然而，对它们对地表径流产沙量（SY）和氮损失的综合影响缺乏全面的认识。为研究坡耕地篱沟系统径流和养分流失的有效管理，在典型侵蚀降雨量为60 mm h−1的条件下，采用坡度为15°的可调坡道和坡度为16°的排水沟。4种处理，包括控制检查（CK）、裸坡（没有树篱和沟渠系统的斜坡）；T1，篱坡（无沟渠系统的篱坡）；T2，裸坡-土沟系统（带土沟系统的裸坡）；以植物篱-草沟系统T3（有植物篱和草沟系统的坡面）为研究对象，评价其对径流深度（RD）、入渗速率、产沙量以及径流中总氮（TN）、溶解氮（DN）、颗粒氮（PN）和DN/TN的浓度和损失量的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，T1、T2和T3处理下的RD分别显著降低了16.6%、14.4%和54%。T1、T2和T3下的入渗量分别显著增加了52.9%、45.7%和171.9%。与对照相比，T1和T3处理显著降低了含沙量69.9%和94.9%，显著降低了22.1%和93.3%，而T2处理则显著增加了43.9%和274.7%。不同形态氮素（TN、DN和PN）浓度和损失在T3处理下分别显著降低了21%、10.4%、30.2%、64.6%、57.6%和67.1%。径流DN/TN比值为53%，表明DN是主要的N损失类型。回归分析表明，在4个处理中，RD对全氮损失的影响更为显著，呈幂函数(R2 >；0.98, p <；累积RD的0.01)可用于预测TN、DN和PN的损失。主成分分析表明，植物篱-草沟系统通过改变入渗速率和DN/TN比影响坡面氮素损失。研究表明，篱草沟渠系统能有效降低坡耕地的产沙量和氮素损失，可作为坡耕地氮素控制的有效手段。
{"title":"Hedgerow-grass ditch system effectively reduces sediment yield and nitrogen loss with surface runoff during simulated rainfall","authors":"Xinmei Zhao , Tianyang Li , Hongye Zhu , Chi Wang , Hui Yan , Lan Song , Yonghao Li , Binghui He","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hedgerow-grass ditch systems combine the advantages of contour planting and ecological grass ditches and have better soil and water conservation (SWC) benefits; however, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of their combined effects on sediment yield (SY) and N loss with surface runoff. To study the efficient management of hedgerow-ditch system runoff and nutrient loss in sloping farmland, an adjustable slope with a gradient of 15° and a drainage ditch with a gradient of 16° were used under typical erosive rainfall of 60 mm h<sup>−1</sup>. Four treatments, including control check (CK), bare slope (a slope without hedgerow and ditch system); T1, hedgerow slope (a hedgerow slope without a ditch system); T2, bare slope-soil ditch system (a bare slope with a soil ditch system); and T3, hedgerow-grass ditch system (a slope with hedgerow and a grass ditch system), were used to assess their impacts on runoff depth (RD), infiltration rate, sediment yield, and the concentration and loss quantities of total nitrogen (TN), dissolved nitrogen (DN), and particulate nitrogen (PN) and DN/TN in runoff. The results indicated that, compared with CK, the RD under T1, T2, and T3 were significantly decreased by 16.6 %, 14.4 %, and 54 %, respectively. The infiltration amounts under T1, T2, and T3 were significantly increased by 52.9 %, 45.7 %, and 171.9 %, respectively. The sediment concentration and SY rate were significantly reduced by 69.9 % and 94.9 %, and 22.1 % and 93.3 % under T1 and T3, respectively, but increased by 43.9 % and 274.7 % under T2 relative to CK. The diverse forms nitrogen (TN, DN, and PN) concentrations and losses under T3 were significantly reduced by 21 %, 10.4 %, 30.2 %, and 64.6 %, 57.6 %, and 67.1 %, respectively. The runoff DN/TN ratio was 53 %, revealing that DN was the primary type of N loss. Regression analysis showed that the RD exerted a more pronounced influence on TN loss across the four treatments, and a power function (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> > 0.98, <em>p</em> < 0.01) of the cumulative RD could be used to predict TN, DN, and PN losses. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the hedgerow-grass ditch system affected slope nitrogen loss by changing the infiltration rate and DN/TN ratio. Our study demonstrates that the hedgerow-grass ditch system effectively reduced the sediment yield and N loss and could be used as an effective means of N control on sloping farmlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 644-655"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.005
Carlos R. Mello , Jorge A. Guzman , Nayara P.A. Vieira , Marcelo R. Viola , Samuel Beskow , Li Guo , Lívia A. Alvarenga , André F. Rodrigues
Severe droughts have significantly increased in frequency, magnitude, and intensity over the past decade, particularly impacting tropical and subtropical regions. Southeast Brazil exemplifies this trend, where severe hydrological droughts threaten the economy and society. We propose a novel approach to assess the impact of land use and climate change on severe hydrological droughts by integrating streamflow simulations with the Standard Hydrological Index (SHI), which is based on variations in water storage within the basin. To test our approach, the Lavras Simulation of Hydrology (LASH) model was applied to sixty-nine sub-basins in the upper Grande River basin, Southeast Brazil. We defined severe droughts as events where SHI ≤ −1.5, calculating threshold water storage (Sthreshold) for the baseline period (1961–2005) to evaluate the impacts of land use and climate change scenarios. Land use scenarios were designed to maintain stable agricultural areas, while climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were projected through 2060. The findings indicated that forest recovery significantly reduced severe hydrological drought frequency, whereas deforestation intensified it. Sub-basins altered by human activity showed more susceptibility to climate change. However, forested sub-basins were notably impacted by land use changes, mainly from pasture replacing Atlantic Forest. Highlighting deforestation as a critical driver for regional hydrological vulnerability, our method underscores the urgent need for effective land use management and conservation strategies of Atlantic Forest to mitigate the risk of severe droughts, regardless of the climate change pathways.
{"title":"Mitigating severe hydrological droughts in the Brazilian tropical high-land region: A novel land use strategy under climate change","authors":"Carlos R. Mello , Jorge A. Guzman , Nayara P.A. Vieira , Marcelo R. Viola , Samuel Beskow , Li Guo , Lívia A. Alvarenga , André F. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe droughts have significantly increased in frequency, magnitude, and intensity over the past decade, particularly impacting tropical and subtropical regions. Southeast Brazil exemplifies this trend, where severe hydrological droughts threaten the economy and society. We propose a novel approach to assess the impact of land use and climate change on severe hydrological droughts by integrating streamflow simulations with the Standard Hydrological Index (SHI), which is based on variations in water storage within the basin. To test our approach, the Lavras Simulation of Hydrology (LASH) model was applied to sixty-nine sub-basins in the upper Grande River basin, Southeast Brazil. We defined severe droughts as events where SHI ≤ −1.5, calculating threshold water storage (S<sub>threshold</sub>) for the baseline period (1961–2005) to evaluate the impacts of land use and climate change scenarios. Land use scenarios were designed to maintain stable agricultural areas, while climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were projected through 2060. The findings indicated that forest recovery significantly reduced severe hydrological drought frequency, whereas deforestation intensified it. Sub-basins altered by human activity showed more susceptibility to climate change. However, forested sub-basins were notably impacted by land use changes, mainly from pasture replacing Atlantic Forest. Highlighting deforestation as a critical driver for regional hydrological vulnerability, our method underscores the urgent need for effective land use management and conservation strategies of Atlantic Forest to mitigate the risk of severe droughts, regardless of the climate change pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 627-643"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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