International Soil and Water Conservation Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of government regulation on promotion of soil restoration practices among farmers in the Loess plateau: Unveiling the role of green ecological cognition","authors":"Xiaolan Wang ,&nbsp;Sixiao Li ,&nbsp;Xiuguang Bai ,&nbsp;José A. Gómez ,&nbsp;Tianjun Liu ,&nbsp;Jundi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil remediation practices by farmers are crucial for improving soil quality and ensuring stable agricultural production. To analyze the factors influencing these practices, we surveyed 403 farmers in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi and Shanxi, China. Using an ordered Probit model and moderation effect analysis, we investigated the direct effects of government regulations—specifically subsidies and technical training and the moderating role of farmers' ecological cognition on technology adoption. Our findings indicate: (1) Farmers generally accept and implement soil remediation technologies, with deep plowing being the most prevalent; (2) Government regulations, particularly subsidies and training, significantly enhance farmers' soil restoration efforts; (3) Farmers' green ecological cognition positively influences their restoration practices and moderates the impact of government regulation; (4) The influence of government regulation and cognition varies among farmers types, with subsidies being more crucial for smallholder, while training benefits larger operations more. These insights offer a new perspective for refining soil remediation policies and examining the global applicability of government regulation and farmers' cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 979-991"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling runoff and sediment yield at the event scale in semiarid watersheds","authors":"Haiyan Wei ,&nbsp;Viktor Polyakov ,&nbsp;David Goodrich ,&nbsp;Morin Efrat ,&nbsp;Phillip David Guertin ,&nbsp;Shmuel Assouline ,&nbsp;Phil Heilman ,&nbsp;Carl Unkrich ,&nbsp;Yuval Shmilovich ,&nbsp;Francesco Marra","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>K2-RHEM, a recently integrated event-based rangeland watershed model, represents one of the few process-based models available for rangeland applications. However, to gain wider acceptance and demonstrate its reliability, comprehensive evaluation results are essential. In this study, K2-RHEM was evaluated in five small semi-arid watersheds within the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. Using extensive runoff and sediment data, along with field surveys on channel heads, soil textures, and channel cross-sections, the model showed strong performance in predicting hydrology metrics without calibration: NS ranged from 0.53 to 0.87 and KGE from 0.54 to 0.88 for runoff; NS from 0.59 to 0.85 and KGE from 0.69 to 0.90 for runoff peak; and NS from 0.98 to 0.99 and KGE from 0.94 to 0.98 for time to peak. Sediment yield predictions were particularly accurate in watersheds with significant channel incisions, with NS of 0.65 and KGE of 0.79. Good sediment yield calibration and validation results were achieved in three watersheds, and reasonable results achieved in the smallest watershed. Sediment yield and runoff peak were found to be sensitive to level of watershed discretization. Improved model performance was seen with additional rain gauges even in small watersheds. These findings demonstrate the potential of K2-RHEM as a reliable tool for the prediction of hydrology and erosion for small-scale rangeland watershed management and highlight the importance of both proper watershed discretization and rainfall data resolution in model applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 860-875"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Straw incorporation regulates rill erosion processes: Revealing multi-timescale hysteresis between runoff and sediment concentration in brown soil","authors":"Jingjiang Li ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xia Li ,&nbsp;Wenjun Sun ,&nbsp;Yajie Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Aide Sun ,&nbsp;Qianjin Liu ,&nbsp;Nufang Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rill erosion process in sloping farmland after straw incorporation is different from that under traditional tillage, including complex variations and hysteresis in runoff and sediment concentration. However, the hysteresis of original runoff and sediment concentration series is not enough to show the hidden multi-timescale information. Different straw incorporation strategies have varying degrees of change to the hysteresis on runoff and sediment content. The purpose of this study was to systematically identify the hysteresis characteristics and differences of runoff and sediment concentration in multi-timescales on rill erosion, and to reveal the effects of straw length, incorporation depth, and straw amount on hysteresis. In this study, scouring experiments were carried out in runoff plots for brown soil under nine maize straw incorporation treatments, i.e., two gradients of straw length (&lt;3, 3−6 cm), incorporation depth (15, 20 cm), straw amount (4000, 8000 kg ha⁻¹), and traditional tillage without straw (CK). The signal decomposition method was used to extract runoff and sediment concentration components at multi-timescales for rill erosion, and hysteresis loops and cross-correlation were applied to analyze the multi-timescale hysteresis relationship of runoff and sediment concentration. The results showed that increases in straw length and straw amount could reduce runoff and sediment and increase runoff start time. The CK had the hysteresis loop with anticlockwise type, and the runoff and sediment concentration had complex hysteresis phenomenon under straw incorporation. The &lt;3 cm straw length treatments exhibited a tendency for clockwise hysteresis loops. This was attributed to the limited supply of sediment during the later erosion stages. In addition, multiscale cross-correlation showed more detailed hysteresis information than the hysteresis loop of the original series, and better explained the variation of sediment concentration. In the &gt;0.3 high-frequency component, the CK exhibited sediment concentration leading runoff (1−3 min), while the 8000 kg ha⁻¹ straw amount treatments intensified complex fluctuations in runoff and sediment, demonstrating variable leads or lags for the sediment concentration. At the sub-event scale, the 3−6 cm straw length treatments resulted in sediment concentration leading runoff, showing a hysteresis similar to that of the event scale. Clarifying the multi-timescale hysteresis of runoff and sediment helps improve understanding of runoff and sediment dynamics in rill erosion processes under straw incorporation for brown soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 909-921"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of soil organic carbon with elevation gradient in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Dian Lin ,&nbsp;Zhongbao Xin ,&nbsp;Feng Lin ,&nbsp;Jinhao Liu ,&nbsp;Yanzhang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a critical role in the carbon cycle of alpine ecosystems; however, little is known about the dynamics of SOC governed by soil types and elevation gradients in these systems. In this study, soil properties, environmental conditions, and anthropogenic activities were identified along an 835 km east-west transect in the Yarlung Tsangpo River of the Tibetan Plateau region, which has an elevation range of 2800–5200 m. The information was used to investigate the effects of two soil types (dark felty soils and aeolian soils) and elevation gradients on SOC dynamics. The findings revealed that the average SOC content in dark felty soil (15.13 ± 5.78 g/kg) was significantly greater than that in aeolian soil (7.98 ± 2.76 g/kg). The SOC content of dark felty soil continuously increased with elevation, increasing by about 23.4 g/kg for every 1000 m increase in elevation. In contrast, owing to the high sand particle content and loose, porous structure of aeolian soil, the low SOC content did not vary with elevation. We found that mean annual precipitation (MAP), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), electrical conductivity (EC), and clay content (clay) were the primary factors influencing SOC accumulation in dark felty soils. As elevation increased, a more humid and cool water-thermal environment was formed, significantly improving vegetation (NDVI) and optimizing soil physicochemical properties (clay and EC). These factors interacted synergistically to promote significant SOC accumulation in dark felty soils. This study emphasized the importance of the effects of dark felty soil and aeolian soil on the SOC content and improved the understanding of the mechanism by which SOC accumulates in the alpine region of high elevation areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 945-956"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Landsat-8 determinations of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks through reducing the effects of buildings, water, and vegetation","authors":"Lixin Lin ,&nbsp;Xixi Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil mapping using Landsat-8 provides potential for a real-time synoptic estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) stocks. However, the few relevant studies at global and European scales have shown relatively poor model accuracy because of the effects from buildings, water and vegetation. Here, we used independent variable fuzzy learning based on several building, water and vegetation indices to reduce the effects of these land covers on the SOC and STN models. We applied the models to predict the SOC and STN stocks at the pan-European scale. Measured SOC and STN stocks obtained from the Land Use/Cover Area frame statistical Survey 2018 dataset and spectral data from the corresponding Landsat-8 images were used in this study. The results indicated that the SOC and STN models after learning performed better than the models before learning (the SOC model: <em>R</em>² = 0.56, mean absolute error (MAE) = 10.38 t C ha⁻¹, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 13.72 t C ha⁻¹, ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ) = 2.02; the STN model: <em>R</em>² = 0.52, MAE = 0.92 t N ha⁻¹, RMSE = 1.20 t N ha⁻¹, RPIQ = 1.45). The two models predicted the 0–20 cm SOC and STN stocks across Europe as 28.13 and 2.25 Gt, respectively. The uneven distributions were clearly reduced when compared with the maps before learning, especially our STN map and STN relative standard deviation (RSD) map. The results indicated that our study provided a valuable reference for reducing the effects of buildings, water, and vegetation during satellite SOC and STN mapping. Considering the importance of SOC and STN for future global policies, we will also pay attention to the effects of other soil properties, weathering and land covers in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1032-1043"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The passive microwave remote sensing in soil moisture retrieval: Products, models, applications and challenges","authors":"Cheng Tong ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Deng ,&nbsp;Yulin Shangguan ,&nbsp;Baiyu Dong ,&nbsp;Yurun Chen ,&nbsp;Chenhao Huang ,&nbsp;Luyao Zhu ,&nbsp;Sinan Li ,&nbsp;Yang Ye ,&nbsp;Hongquan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soil moisture (SM) is a pivotal component of the global water cycle and a critical environmental parameter in terrestrial carbon cycling, significantly influencing energy exchange, vegetation dynamics, and ecosystem productivity. Its spatial and temporal distribution offers critical insights for climate models and water resource management, particularly in predicting extreme weather events and optimizing agricultural practices. Passive microwave remote sensing, characterized by its all-weather capability, extensive coverage, and high efficiency, has emerged as the primary method for SM estimation. Over recent decades, significant progress in microwave SM retrieval has been driven by technological innovations and increased satellite data availability, resulting in the development and widespread adoption of passive microwave SM products. Notwithstanding the significant progress in microwave SM retrieval techniques, a comprehensive literature review on passive microwave SM, encompassing research advancements, retrieval methods, application hotspots, shortcomings, and future prospects, remains notably absent. To address this gap, this study undertakes a systematic and in-depth exploration of passive microwave SM research. Initially, the fundamental principles of passive microwave SM retrieval are introduced, establishing the groundwork for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, the primary retrieval methods are reviewed, including physically-based radiative transfer models and machine learning algorithms, with a focus on their respective strengths and limitations. Additionally, the study introduces the current mainstream passive microwave SM products, detailing their specific attributes such as spatial resolution, temporal frequency, and available time. Following this, a thorough classification of the specific applications of existing passive microwave SM products is conducted through the VOS (Visualization of Similarities) viewer-based keyword co-occurrence technique. The findings indicate that these products are predominantly utilized in environmental science and ecology for applications such as data assimilation, drought monitoring, rainfall estimation, and flood forecasting. Moreover, passive microwave SM data are increasingly being applied in fields related to human activities, such as disaster early warning, military simulation, and vehicle speed modeling, underscoring their versatility and expanding relevance in both natural and anthropogenic contexts. Despite the notable progress in these areas, persistent challenges such as data gaps, lower spatial resolution, and degraded accuracy caused by external environmental factors continue to limit the full potential of passive microwave SM products across diverse application scenarios. In the end, this study offers a forward-looking perspective on passive microwave SM research, with the goal of addressing current challenges and advancing the development of microwave SM prod","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 843-859"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerprinting using compound-specific δ13C of n-alkanes reveals the temporary role of paddy fields as a secondary source for watershed sediment loss","authors":"Qiang Tang ,&nbsp;Fangxin Chen ,&nbsp;Guangyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiubin He ,&nbsp;Jie Wei ,&nbsp;Yusheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hari Ram Upadhayay ,&nbsp;Adrian Joynes ,&nbsp;Adrian L. Collins","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fingerprinting generates reliable sediment provenance information which supports devising policy or practical strategies for soil conservation and sediment management, but it remains challenging in areas with fragmented landscapes and diverse land use practices. This study evaluated the seasonality of biomarker signatures and their variability among particle size fractions, and apportioned target time-integrated suspended sediment to land use-based sources in an intensive agricultural watershed with mosaic land use patch configurations and crop-specific farming practices. Source materials (i.e., topsoil) from dry croplands, paddy fields and citrus orchards were sampled, and target time-integrated suspended sediment samples were collected at the watershed outlet. The content and compound-specific δ¹³C of long-chain saturated n-alkanes (C₂₃-C₃₃) were determined for two particle size fractions (i.e., &lt;25 μm, 25–63 μm). The δ¹³C of monomeric n-alkanes displayed insignificant variabilities between particle size fractions and temporal variability across the sampling period. The MixSIAR Bayesian model was employed to quantify sediment source contributions. Due to land disturbance by tillage and crop plantation, our results revealed that paddy fields act as an important temporary secondary sediment source despite such fields conventionally being recognized as sediment sinks. Regardless, dry farmland remains the largest contributor to watershed sediment loss. A range of measures such as soil virginization, returning straw to fields, and pasture cultures in orchards are recommended for precision sediment management at watershed scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 795-807"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated organochemical – Microbial solutions remediate degraded saline-sodic soils","authors":"Salar Rezapour ,&nbsp;Amin Nouri ,&nbsp;Farrokh Asadzadeh ,&nbsp;Ruijun Qin ,&nbsp;Günay Erpul","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Projections of global population growth underscore the urgent need to restore degraded saline-sodic soils to meet rising demands for food, feed, and fiber. This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of gypsum (G), elemental sulfur (S), vermicompost (VC), biochar (B), and microbial inoculation on soil remediation. A comprehensive soil degradation index (CSDI) was developed with total (CSDI-T) and minimum datasets (CSDI-M) using 13 soil properties. All treatments significantly improved soil health (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with G + VC and S + VC combinations reducing CSDI-T by 84–85 % and 65–71 % and CSDI-M by 84–87 % and 66–70 %, respectively. Soil remediation rates correlated directly with crop yield, with CSDI models explaining 29–87 % of the variance in wheat yield. These findings highlight G/S + VC treatments as cost-effective, environmentally sustainable solutions for soil restoration and productivity enhancement, with CSDI models offering robust tools for evaluating amendment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 992-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of soil detachment capacity to freeze‒thaw process for five loess soils from the Loess Plateau of China","authors":"Wanbao Shi ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Sun ,&nbsp;Kuandi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combined effects of freeze-thaw and water erosion significantly increase the risk of soil erosion in seasonally freeze-thaw regions. Although soil detachment capacity (SDC) is a critical parameter for evaluating soil erosion degree, the effect of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) on SDC is not comprehensively understood. Therefore, experiments were conducted in a scouring flume under six freeze-thaw cycles (i.e., 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 FTC), five flow discharges (2−18 L min⁻¹), and five soil types. The results showed that FTC caused varying degrees of degradation in soil properties, leading to variations in SDC. Under different initial moisture contents, SDC exhibited an increasing trend during the initial stages of FTC and stabilized after 10 FTC. Compared with unfrozen soil, under different freeze-thaw levels (1−20 FTC), the mean SDC of Wuzhong soil, Shenmu soil, Ansai soil, Dingxi soil, and Changwu soil increased by 27, 30, 25, 38, and 57 %, respectively. Apart from porosity, SDC showed notable inverse correlations with other soil properties, including cohesion, shear strength, internal friction angle, organic matter, and bulk density (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Stream power was identified as the ideal hydrodynamic parameter for characterizing SDC (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.85). An SDC prediction model was established according to these key factors. The model effectively predicted the SDC under the synergistic action of flow and freeze-thaw (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.90, <em>RE</em> = −9.02 %). Additional verification is necessary when applying the predictive model outside the conditions under which it was developed. The findings contribute novel understanding into the operational mechanism of soil detachment in freeze-thaw affected regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 808-827"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-annual characterization of soil mean temperature at 5 and 10 cm depths based on remote sensing data, at country scale","authors":"Martín Francia ,&nbsp;Pablo González Barrios ,&nbsp;Antonella Celio ,&nbsp;Carolina Munka ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Tiscornia","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil temperature (ST) is an important physical property that influences all soil processes; it is a relevant component of the climate system and impacts terrestrial ecological, hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Its variability presents challenges, limiting studies the spatiotemporal distribution and prediction of ST. This study describes the calibration of a model that uses land surface temperature (LST), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and daily solar declination (Ds), along with data from meteorological stations, to predict the covered soil temperature at depth of 5 cm (SMTc5cm) and 10 cm (SMTc10cm). Iterations were performed using combinations of 18 LST and 10 NDVI treatments derived from MODIS images, with the aim of selecting and applying validated models for the intra-annual characterization of SMTc5cm and SMTc10cm across Uruguay. The Results showed that the models for SMTc5cm and SMTc10cm had R² values of 0.84 and 0.87-0.89, respectively, and RMSE values of 2.3 °C for SMTc5cm and 2.1-1.8 °C for SMTc10cm. Comparisons with observed SMTc5cm and SMTc10cm, and SMTc5cm with observed ST at 20 cm depth and uncovered soil, indicated that the models accurately predicted soil temperature and maintained phase shifts, with minor variations in the timing of profile intersections. Models that used averages of daytime and nighttime LST observations, along with filtered NDVI series, achieved better fits than those using the original data. Preliminary observations highlight the importance of further investigating the effects of forests, soil composition, and subsurface characteristics on soil temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 1019-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}