Endocrinologia Y Nutricion最新文献

Introduction

To report the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes, and their association to occupational categories in a representative sample of working population in Spain.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study of workers who attended routine medical check-ups from January 2007 to December 2007. A structured questionnaire was completed, and physical examinations and routine serum biochemical tests were performed. IFG was defined as fasting glucose levels ranging from 100 to 125 mg/dl with no diagnosis of T1DM or T2DM; T1DM was defined as previous diagnosis of T1DM; and T2DM as previous diagnosis of T2DM, treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin or fasting glucose levels ≥126 mg/dl, according to ADA criteria.

Results

Of the 371,997 participants (median age 35 [interquartile range 29–44] years), 72.4% were male. Raw prevalence rates (95% CI) of IFG, undiagnosed (UKDM), and previously known type 2 (KDM2) and type 1 (KDM1) diabetes were 10.4% (10.3–10.5%), 1.3% (1.2–1.3%), 1.1% (1.1–1.2%), and 0.3% (0.3–0.3%), respectively. With the exception of KDM1, prevalence of these conditions increased with age and was greater among manual/blue-collar workers (12.1%, 1.5%, 1.3% and 0.3%, respectively) as compared to non-manual/white-collar workers (7.3%, 0.8%, 0.8% and 0.3%, respectively). Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of IFG, UKDM and KDM2 were 13.1%, 2.0% and 2.4%, respectively.

Discussion

In this sample of Spanish working population, impaired glycemic profiles were common. Prevalence rates of IFG and T2DM were high among blue-collar workers (except for T1DM). These data emphasize the need for earlier structured preventive schemes.

Introduction

The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness to reduce clinical adverse events and safety of insulin administered in basal-bolus-corrector or basal-corrector regimens (BB) versus a sliding scale scheme (SS) in patients with diabetes or newly diagnosed hyperglycemia admitted to a conventional (not critical) medical or surgical hospital ward.

Method

A Medline search was conducted. The Odds ratio was the main summary measure. A random effects model with the Mantel–Haenszel procedure was used.

Results

A total of 957 citations were collected, of which nine were finally included in the systematic review. Patients in the BB group had better blood glucose control than those with SS. Overall, there was a nonsignificant trend to a lower risk of adverse events in the BB as compared to the SS group (OR 0.67 [95% CI: 0.22–2.04], [I² = 71%]). There was a nonsignificant trend to an increased risk of hypoglycemia in the BB group (OR 2.29 [95% CI: 0.50–10.49] [I² = 70%]).

Conclusion

Despite its benefit for glycemic control during hospitalization, this review did not show that use of the BB scheme decreases clinical events in patients hospitalized in a conventional ward. Because of heterogeneity of the results, we think that clinical trials are needed addressing its effect in patient subgroups in which the BB scheme may be used safely and with longer follow-up periods.

Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes are distant manifestations of some tumours. An uncommon but increasingly reported form is tumour-induced osteomalacia, a hypophosphatemic disorder associated to fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) secretion by tumours. The main biochemical manifestations of this disorder include hypophosphatemia, inappropriately low or normal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, low serum calcitriol levels, increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and elevated or normal serum FGF-23 levels. These tumours, usually small, benign, slow growing and difficult to discover, are mainly localized in soft tissues of the limbs. Histologically, phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours of the mixed connective tissue type are most common. Various imaging techniques have been suggested with variable results. Treatment of choice is total surgical resection of the tumour. Medical treatment includes oral phosphorus and calcitriol supplements, octreotide, cinacalcet, and monoclonal antibodies.

Background and objectives

This study aimed to assess if ALT levels, as a marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, may predict HbA1c response to treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).

Patients and methods

A retrospective, longitudinal, analytical study was conducted including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus continuously treated with GLP-1 agonists (85% with liraglutide) for one year. Patients were divided into two groups according to baseline ALT levels, with 24 U/L (the median of the distribution) as the cut-off point. The dependent variable was HbA1c change (one-year follow-up minus baseline).

The predictive value of ALT levels above 24 U/L and ALT change was analyzed using multivariate linear regression adjusted to age, gender, diabetes duration, type and dose of GLP-1 RA, baseline HbA1c, baseline body mass index (BMI), and change in BMI.

Results

A total of 117 patients (48% females) aged 58.6 (SD 9.6) years were enrolled into the study. Treatment was associated with a change in ALT of −4.3 U/L (p = 0.041) and a change in HbA1c of −1.1% (p < 0.0001). Decreases in HbA1c (−1.41% vs −0.76%; p = 0.045) and ALT (−9.25 vs 0.46 U/L; p = 0.002) were significantly higher in patients with ALT levels above the median. In the multivariate analysis, both ALT >24 U/L (b = −0.74; 95% CI: −1.31 to −0.18; p = 0.011) and ALT change (b = 0.028; 95% CI: 0.010–0.046; p = 0.003), were significant response predictors.

Conclusions

Elevated baseline transaminase values and decreased transaminase levels during follow-up are associated to a favorable glycemic response to GLP-1 RAs.

Objective

To assess the long-term association between prediabetes and an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study. We searched our database to identify all PCI procedures performed in 2010. Patients with no diabetes and HbA1c measurement in the index hospitalization were enrolled and divided into two groups based on HbA1c value: 5.7–6.5% for prediabetes and <5.7% for controls. Demographic, clinical, and procedure-related variables were recorded. Study endpoints were mortality, hospital admissions, myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization procedures.

Results

The study population consisted of 132 subjects (82.6% males, age: 65.26 ± 12.46 years). No difference was found as regards distribution of demographic, clinical, and procedure-related variables. A majority (64.1%) of PCI procedures were performed for ST-segment elevation MI. Prevalence of prediabetes was 40.2%. After a mean follow-up period of 42.3 ± 3.6 months, no differences were found in outcomes between the prediabetes and control groups in total mortality (5.4% vs 1.9%; relative risk [RR] 2.86, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.27–30.44; p = 0.56), non-cardiovascular mortality (2.7% vs 1.9%; RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.93–22.18; p = 0.79), hospital admissions (19% vs 25%; RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.73–1.73; p = 0.57), MI (3% vs 1%; RR 4.28, 95% CI 0.46–39.52; p = 0.30), or target lesion revascularization (3% vs 6%; RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.18–2.61; p = 0.72).

Conclusions

Prediabetes, as determined by HbA1c (5.7–6.5%), is not associated with long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD and PCI.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in diet low in FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) as an important mainstay in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This model of diet was developed by a multidisciplinary team from the Monash University in Melbourne and became well-known after the publication of a study in 2008 showing that dietary FODMAPs acted as causing factors in patients with IBS. Since then there have been several randomized controlled trials which, although with small sample sizes, have again shown the benefits of this dietary pattern.