Aoi Tsuyuki, J. Reyes, Yukihisa Oya, K. Wakeman, B. Leander, N. V. Van Steenkiste
Marine microturbellarians are an assemblage of meiofaunal flatworms abundant in sediments and on seaweeds around the world. The diversity and distribution of these animals in Japan are poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of all recorded species in Japan and characterize two new species of the rhabdocoel genus Reinhardorhynchus based on morphological features and a molecular phylogeny inferred from 18S and 28S rDNA sequences. Reinhardorhynchus ryukyuensissp. nov. can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the lack of an armed cirrus and by the presence of two larger opposing hooks and five smaller interconnected hooks in its male copulatory organ. Reinhardorhynchus sagamianussp. nov. differs from its congeners because its male copulatory organ combines a bipartite cirrus armed with a belt of overlapping scale-like spines, an unarmed accessory cirrus, and two large distal accessory hooks. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses show that R. ryukyuensissp. nov. and R. sagamianussp. nov. form a clade with all the other species of Reinhardorhynchus for which DNA sequence data are available. Within this clade, R. sagamianussp. nov. is in a clade that also includes R. riegeri and R. anamariae. The discovery of these new species highlights the importance of uncovering and documenting the hidden biodiversity along Japan’s coastal margin.
{"title":"Marine microturbellarians from Japan, with descriptions of two new species of Reinhardorhynchus (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela, Koinocystididae)","authors":"Aoi Tsuyuki, J. Reyes, Yukihisa Oya, K. Wakeman, B. Leander, N. V. Van Steenkiste","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.120244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.120244","url":null,"abstract":"Marine microturbellarians are an assemblage of meiofaunal flatworms abundant in sediments and on seaweeds around the world. The diversity and distribution of these animals in Japan are poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of all recorded species in Japan and characterize two new species of the rhabdocoel genus Reinhardorhynchus based on morphological features and a molecular phylogeny inferred from 18S and 28S rDNA sequences. Reinhardorhynchus ryukyuensissp. nov. can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the lack of an armed cirrus and by the presence of two larger opposing hooks and five smaller interconnected hooks in its male copulatory organ. Reinhardorhynchus sagamianussp. nov. differs from its congeners because its male copulatory organ combines a bipartite cirrus armed with a belt of overlapping scale-like spines, an unarmed accessory cirrus, and two large distal accessory hooks. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses show that R. ryukyuensissp. nov. and R. sagamianussp. nov. form a clade with all the other species of Reinhardorhynchus for which DNA sequence data are available. Within this clade, R. sagamianussp. nov. is in a clade that also includes R. riegeri and R. anamariae. The discovery of these new species highlights the importance of uncovering and documenting the hidden biodiversity along Japan’s coastal margin.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Cuadrado, Jorge Rodríguez, Annie Machordom, C. Noreña, F. Fernández-Álvarez, Pat A. Hutchings, Jane E. Williamson
The increase in the use of molecular methodologies in systematics has driven the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of the limitations of different genetic markers. Not every marker is optimal for all species, which has led to multiple approaches in the study of the taxonomy and phylogeny of polyclad flatworms. The present study evaluates base-substitution rates of nuclear ribosomal (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA), mitochondrial ribosomal (16S rDNA), and protein-codifying (cytb, cox1) markers for this taxonomic group, with the main objective of assessing the robustness of these different markers for phylogenetic studies. Mutation rates and Ti/Tv ratios of the other markers were assessed for the first time. We estimated substitution rates and found cytb to be the most variable, while 18S rDNA was the least variable among them. On the other hand, the transition to transversion (Ti/Tv) ratio of the different genes revealed differences between the markers, with a higher number of transitions in the nuclear gene 28S and a higher number of transversions in the mitochondrial genes. Lastly, we identified that the third codon position of the studied protein-codifying genes was highly variable and that this position was saturated in the cox1 marker but not in cytb. We conclude that it is important to assess the markers employed for different phylogenetic levels for future studies, particularly in the order Polycladida. We encourage the use of mitochondrial genes cytb and 16S for phylogenetic studies at suborder, superfamily, and family levels and species delimitation in polyclads, in addition to the well-known 28S and cox1.
{"title":"Base-substitution rates of nuclear and mitochondrial genes for polyclad flatworms","authors":"Daniel Cuadrado, Jorge Rodríguez, Annie Machordom, C. Noreña, F. Fernández-Álvarez, Pat A. Hutchings, Jane E. Williamson","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.119945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.119945","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the use of molecular methodologies in systematics has driven the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of the limitations of different genetic markers. Not every marker is optimal for all species, which has led to multiple approaches in the study of the taxonomy and phylogeny of polyclad flatworms. The present study evaluates base-substitution rates of nuclear ribosomal (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA), mitochondrial ribosomal (16S rDNA), and protein-codifying (cytb, cox1) markers for this taxonomic group, with the main objective of assessing the robustness of these different markers for phylogenetic studies. Mutation rates and Ti/Tv ratios of the other markers were assessed for the first time. We estimated substitution rates and found cytb to be the most variable, while 18S rDNA was the least variable among them. On the other hand, the transition to transversion (Ti/Tv) ratio of the different genes revealed differences between the markers, with a higher number of transitions in the nuclear gene 28S and a higher number of transversions in the mitochondrial genes. Lastly, we identified that the third codon position of the studied protein-codifying genes was highly variable and that this position was saturated in the cox1 marker but not in cytb. We conclude that it is important to assess the markers employed for different phylogenetic levels for future studies, particularly in the order Polycladida. We encourage the use of mitochondrial genes cytb and 16S for phylogenetic studies at suborder, superfamily, and family levels and species delimitation in polyclads, in addition to the well-known 28S and cox1.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Fu, Lijuan Liu, Ying Cheng, Haodong Chen, Yufa Luo
The wolf spider Pardosa astrigera L. Koch, 1878, an important biological control agent for pests in agriculture, is widely distributed in various ecosystems across East Asia. This study used mitochondrial DNA and aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of population genetic structure and evolutionary history throughout the species. Mitochondrial gene sequences from 107 samples of P. astrigera from 25 East Asian populations were used for genetic analyses. Our data revealed an asymmetric phylogeographic distribution in two sympatric lineages (1–2) of P. astrigera in continental East Asia. The spatio-temporal pattern of two mitotypes of P. astrigera in this region gives strong support for a Northeast Asian origin during the late Pleistocene (~1.69 million years ago) and the population expansion time of ~74,340 (58,832–104,236) years ago (during the last glacial period) and dual colonization around East Asia from two directions: from North to South and from East to West. Our phylogeographic results suggested that Pleistocene climate oscillations with subsequent fragmentation events and secondary contacts were the major impact factors of the diversification, geographic distribution, and expansion patterns of P. astrigera, and human activities and ballooning probably accelerated its recent dispersal.
狼蛛 Pardosa astrigera L. Koch, 1878 是一种重要的农业害虫生物控制剂，广泛分布于东亚的各种生态系统中。本研究采用线粒体 DNA，旨在深入了解该物种的种群遗传结构和进化历史。研究使用了来自 25 个东亚种群的 107 个 P. astrigera 样本的线粒体基因序列进行遗传分析。我们的数据显示，P. astrigera在东亚大陆的两个同源系（1-2）中存在不对称的系统地理学分布。该地区 P. astrigera 的两个分型的时空模式有力地支持了东北亚起源于晚更新世（距今约 169 万年），种群扩张时间为距今约 74,340 年（58,832-104,236 年）（末次冰川期），并从南北和东西两个方向对东亚进行了双重殖民。我们的系统地理学结果表明，更新世的气候震荡以及随后的破碎化事件和二次接触是 P. astrigera 多样化、地理分布和扩张模式的主要影响因素，而人类活动和气球运动可能加速了其近期的扩散。
{"title":"Population genetic structure and demographic history of the East Asian wolf spider Pardosa astrigera","authors":"Dan Fu, Lijuan Liu, Ying Cheng, Haodong Chen, Yufa Luo","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.125246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.125246","url":null,"abstract":"The wolf spider Pardosa astrigera L. Koch, 1878, an important biological control agent for pests in agriculture, is widely distributed in various ecosystems across East Asia. This study used mitochondrial DNA and aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of population genetic structure and evolutionary history throughout the species. Mitochondrial gene sequences from 107 samples of P. astrigera from 25 East Asian populations were used for genetic analyses. Our data revealed an asymmetric phylogeographic distribution in two sympatric lineages (1–2) of P. astrigera in continental East Asia. The spatio-temporal pattern of two mitotypes of P. astrigera in this region gives strong support for a Northeast Asian origin during the late Pleistocene (~1.69 million years ago) and the population expansion time of ~74,340 (58,832–104,236) years ago (during the last glacial period) and dual colonization around East Asia from two directions: from North to South and from East to West. Our phylogeographic results suggested that Pleistocene climate oscillations with subsequent fragmentation events and secondary contacts were the major impact factors of the diversification, geographic distribution, and expansion patterns of P. astrigera, and human activities and ballooning probably accelerated its recent dispersal.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge L. MONTALVO-SALAZAR, M. Bejarano, Alfredo Valarezo, D. Cisneros-Heredia, Pavel Stoev
The diversity of Neotropical velvet worms (Onychophora, Neopatida) is significantly underestimated, particularly within the Andean clade represented by the genus Oroperipatus, the last species of which was described more than 70 years ago. Here, we describe a new species of Oroperipatus from the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador, bringing the total number of described species on mainland Ecuador to seven and in western Amazonia to three. The new species, Oroperipatus tiputinisp. nov., can be distinguished from its congenerics by the following combination of characters: two variations of primary papillae alternated between dorsal plicae; four scale ranks in the apical piece of primary papillae; reduced fifth spinous pad of legs IV and V; four supraocular papillae; occasionally reduced anterior papilla; males with two crural tubercles per leg in the first pregenital pair and a single crural tubercle per leg in the next pair; and some accessory papillae with one lateral rudimentary apical piece. We also discuss novel morphological similarities and differences with other Neopatida genera, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
{"title":"A new species of velvet worm of the genus Oroperipatus (Onychophora, Peripatidae) from western Amazonia","authors":"Jorge L. MONTALVO-SALAZAR, M. Bejarano, Alfredo Valarezo, D. Cisneros-Heredia, Pavel Stoev","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.117952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.117952","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of Neotropical velvet worms (Onychophora, Neopatida) is significantly underestimated, particularly within the Andean clade represented by the genus Oroperipatus, the last species of which was described more than 70 years ago. Here, we describe a new species of Oroperipatus from the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador, bringing the total number of described species on mainland Ecuador to seven and in western Amazonia to three. The new species, Oroperipatus tiputinisp. nov., can be distinguished from its congenerics by the following combination of characters: two variations of primary papillae alternated between dorsal plicae; four scale ranks in the apical piece of primary papillae; reduced fifth spinous pad of legs IV and V; four supraocular papillae; occasionally reduced anterior papilla; males with two crural tubercles per leg in the first pregenital pair and a single crural tubercle per leg in the next pair; and some accessory papillae with one lateral rudimentary apical piece. We also discuss novel morphological similarities and differences with other Neopatida genera, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we present a new species of freshwater mussel in the genus PostolataDai et al., 2023, from Guangxi Province, China, by integrating morphological, anatomical, and molecular data. Postolata longjiangensis Liu & Wu, sp. nov. is distinguished from its congener (i.e., Postolata guangxiensis) by its shell shape, beak position, surface sculpture, nacre color, and hinge structure. Molecular species delimitation results based on the mitochondrial COI gene support the separation of Postolata longjiangensis Liu & Wu, sp. nov. from its congener. The multi-locus (COI + 16S rRNA + 28S rRNA) phylogeny reveals that this species forms the sister lineage to Postolata guangxiensis in the tribe Gonideini.
在本研究中，我们通过整合形态学、解剖学和分子数据，发现了中国广西省的淡水贻贝新种Postolata Dai等人，2023。Postolata longjiangensis Liu & Wu，sp. nov.通过壳的形状、喙的位置、表面雕刻、珍珠质颜色和铰链结构与同属种（即 Postolata guangxiensis）区分开来。基于线粒体 COI 基因的分子物种划分结果支持 Postolata longjiangensis Liu & Wu, sp.多焦点（COI + 16S rRNA + 28S rRNA）系统进化显示，该物种与Postolata guangxiensis同属Gonideini族。
{"title":"Addition to the known diversity of Chinese freshwater mussels: integrative description of a new species of Postolata Dai et al., 2023 (Bivalvia, Unionidae, Gonideinae)","authors":"Lili Liu, Liping Zhang, Kaiyu Hou, Liyang Ning, Ruiwen Wu","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.126069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.126069","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present a new species of freshwater mussel in the genus PostolataDai et al., 2023, from Guangxi Province, China, by integrating morphological, anatomical, and molecular data. Postolata longjiangensis Liu & Wu, sp. nov. is distinguished from its congener (i.e., Postolata guangxiensis) by its shell shape, beak position, surface sculpture, nacre color, and hinge structure. Molecular species delimitation results based on the mitochondrial COI gene support the separation of Postolata longjiangensis Liu & Wu, sp. nov. from its congener. The multi-locus (COI + 16S rRNA + 28S rRNA) phylogeny reveals that this species forms the sister lineage to Postolata guangxiensis in the tribe Gonideini.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141346801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi-Xian Qin, Weiping Shao, Li-Na Du, Zhen-Xing Wang
A new species of Yunnanilus is described from the Nanpanjiang River, Yunnan, China. The new species, Yunnanilus polylepis, can be distinguished from other species of Yunnanilus by the following combination of characteristics: Processus dentiformis absent; eye diameter smaller than interorbital width; outer gill raker absent and 10 inner gill rakers on first gill arch; whole trunk covered by scales; nine branched dorsal-fin rays; 10 or 11 branched pectoral-fin rays; six branched pelvic-fin rays. Despite our phylogenetic analysis, which sheds light on the complex relationships among Yunnanilus species, the majority of Yunnanilus species are restricted to more localized environments and habitats. It is urgent to address the environmental threats that jeopardize their survival, especially given their generally restricted distribution.
{"title":"A new species of Yunnanilus (Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan, southwest China","authors":"Zhi-Xian Qin, Weiping Shao, Li-Na Du, Zhen-Xing Wang","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.122962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.122962","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of Yunnanilus is described from the Nanpanjiang River, Yunnan, China. The new species, Yunnanilus polylepis, can be distinguished from other species of Yunnanilus by the following combination of characteristics: Processus dentiformis absent; eye diameter smaller than interorbital width; outer gill raker absent and 10 inner gill rakers on first gill arch; whole trunk covered by scales; nine branched dorsal-fin rays; 10 or 11 branched pectoral-fin rays; six branched pelvic-fin rays. Despite our phylogenetic analysis, which sheds light on the complex relationships among Yunnanilus species, the majority of Yunnanilus species are restricted to more localized environments and habitats. It is urgent to address the environmental threats that jeopardize their survival, especially given their generally restricted distribution.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Costa, Caio R. M. Feltrin, J. L. Mattos, A. Katz
Colour patterns are diverse in trichomycterine catfishes and are often used to diagnose species. Here, we analyse the first case of adults of two syntopic species of Trichomycterus sharing nearly identical colour patterns: a rare new species of the subgenus Paracambeva and Trichomycterus maculosus, a distantly related species of the subgenus Trichomycterus. Both species are endemic to the upper Rio Paraíba do Sul basin (RPSB), which had a different course until the Tertiary period and is situated within the Southeastern Brazilian Continental Rift, mostly active in the Eocene-Oligocene. A time-calibrated multigene analysis, 3144 bp, supported the new species as sister to Trichomycterus itatiayae, both comprising a lineage with Middle Miocene age, when that colour pattern would have first arisen. The new species is diagnosed by characters from the latero-sensory system and bone morphology. Our results, combined with available biogeographical data, indicated the colour pattern of T. maculosus arising in the Late Pliocene, following the dispersal of its group to the upper RPSB after river course changing. Two hypotheses for the independent origin of the same colour pattern are discussed. First, a case of evolutionary convergence for adaptation to live on a similarly coloured gravel substrate, giving some cryptic advantage against predators. Second, mimetic association through anti-predation features. In the latter case, although trichomycterids lack fin spines to inoculate venom as in other catfishes, the species here studied have a supposed axillary gland above the pectoral fin, just posterior to the opercular odontodes, but with properties and functions still unknown.
毛鳞鲶的颜色模式多种多样，通常用于诊断物种。在本文中，我们首次分析了两个同属的 Trichomycterus 鱼类的成鱼具有几乎完全相同的颜色模式：一个是 Paracambeva 亚属的稀有新种，另一个是 Trichomycterus 亚属的远缘种 Trichomycterus maculosus。这两个物种都是上南里奥帕拉伊巴盆地（Rio Paraíba do Sul basin，RPSB）的特有物种，该盆地在第三纪之前经历了不同的历程，位于巴西东南部大陆裂谷内，主要活跃于始新世-更新世。根据时间校准的多基因分析（3144 bp），该新物种与Trichomycterus itatiayae是姊妹物种，两者都是中新世时期的物种，这种颜色模式最早出现在中新世时期。新物种是通过侧感觉系统和骨骼形态特征诊断出来的。我们的研究结果与现有的生物地理学数据相结合，表明T. maculosus的颜色模式产生于上新世晚期，是在河道改变后其族群向RPSB上游扩散之后出现的。本文讨论了相同颜色模式独立起源的两种假说。第一，进化趋同的情况下，适应生活在类似颜色的砾石基质上，从而在对抗捕食者时具有一定的隐蔽优势。第二种情况是通过抗捕食特征产生拟态关联。在后一种情况下，虽然毛鳞鱼没有像其他鲶鱼那样的鳍刺来接种毒液，但本文研究的物种在胸鳍上方有一个假定的腋腺，就在厣齿的后方，但其特性和功能仍然未知。
{"title":"A new rare catfish species from southeastern Brazil provides insights into the origins of similar colour patterns in syntopic, distantly related mountain trichomycterines (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae)","authors":"W. Costa, Caio R. M. Feltrin, J. L. Mattos, A. Katz","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.118000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118000","url":null,"abstract":"Colour patterns are diverse in trichomycterine catfishes and are often used to diagnose species. Here, we analyse the first case of adults of two syntopic species of Trichomycterus sharing nearly identical colour patterns: a rare new species of the subgenus Paracambeva and Trichomycterus maculosus, a distantly related species of the subgenus Trichomycterus. Both species are endemic to the upper Rio Paraíba do Sul basin (RPSB), which had a different course until the Tertiary period and is situated within the Southeastern Brazilian Continental Rift, mostly active in the Eocene-Oligocene. A time-calibrated multigene analysis, 3144 bp, supported the new species as sister to Trichomycterus itatiayae, both comprising a lineage with Middle Miocene age, when that colour pattern would have first arisen. The new species is diagnosed by characters from the latero-sensory system and bone morphology. Our results, combined with available biogeographical data, indicated the colour pattern of T. maculosus arising in the Late Pliocene, following the dispersal of its group to the upper RPSB after river course changing. Two hypotheses for the independent origin of the same colour pattern are discussed. First, a case of evolutionary convergence for adaptation to live on a similarly coloured gravel substrate, giving some cryptic advantage against predators. Second, mimetic association through anti-predation features. In the latter case, although trichomycterids lack fin spines to inoculate venom as in other catfishes, the species here studied have a supposed axillary gland above the pectoral fin, just posterior to the opercular odontodes, but with properties and functions still unknown.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florencia Matusevich, V. Gabbanelli, Gonzalo Vulcano, Natalia Plá, V. M. Lenain, D. M. Vazquez, J. M. Díaz de Astarloa, E. Mabragaña
Currently, the genus Zenopsis, also known as silver John Dory, comprises at least five valid species with a wide range of distribution. However, recent studies have proposed the existence of a new Zenopsis species inhabiting the Indian Ocean, and a preliminary search in the Barcode of Life Database reveals the presence of different barcode index numbers (BIN) for the nominal species Zenopsis conchifer. In the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWA), Z. conchifer is the only species reported so far. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate, at the molecular level, the potential taxonomic diversity within the genus Zenopsis and to assess if the species occurring in the SWA corresponds with Z. conchifer. Using data available in worldwide genetic databases, a maximum likelihood tree, a BIN, and an automatic barcode gap discovery analysis were carried out. Additionally, specimens sampled from the SWA were morphologically compared with specimens from different parts of its distribution using available data. The specific identity at the molecular level of specimens occurring in the SWA was confirmed as Z. conchifer. The results of the molecular analysis highlight the existence of hidden specific diversity within the genus.
目前，蝶鱵属（又称银枪鲷，Zenopsis）至少有五个有效物种，分布范围很广。然而，最近的研究提出存在一个栖息于印度洋的新栉水母物种，在生命条形码数据库（Barcode of Life Database）中的初步搜索显示，标称物种栉水母（Zenopsis conchifer）存在不同的条形码索引号（BIN）。在西南大西洋（SWA），Z. conchifer 是迄今为止报告的唯一物种。因此，这项工作的目的是在分子水平上评估 Zenopsis 属潜在的分类多样性，并评估在西南大西洋出现的物种是否与 Z. conchifer 相符。研究人员利用全球遗传数据库中的数据，进行了最大似然树、BIN 和自动条形码差距发现分析。此外，还利用现有数据将西南非洲的标本与分布在不同地区的标本进行了形态学比较。在分子水平上，西南部地区的标本被确认为海螺。分子分析的结果突显了该属中隐藏的特异多样性。
{"title":"DNA barcoding suggests hidden diversity within the genus Zenopsis (Zeiformes, Zeidae)","authors":"Florencia Matusevich, V. Gabbanelli, Gonzalo Vulcano, Natalia Plá, V. M. Lenain, D. M. Vazquez, J. M. Díaz de Astarloa, E. Mabragaña","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.122293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.122293","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the genus Zenopsis, also known as silver John Dory, comprises at least five valid species with a wide range of distribution. However, recent studies have proposed the existence of a new Zenopsis species inhabiting the Indian Ocean, and a preliminary search in the Barcode of Life Database reveals the presence of different barcode index numbers (BIN) for the nominal species Zenopsis conchifer. In the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWA), Z. conchifer is the only species reported so far. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate, at the molecular level, the potential taxonomic diversity within the genus Zenopsis and to assess if the species occurring in the SWA corresponds with Z. conchifer. Using data available in worldwide genetic databases, a maximum likelihood tree, a BIN, and an automatic barcode gap discovery analysis were carried out. Additionally, specimens sampled from the SWA were morphologically compared with specimens from different parts of its distribution using available data. The specific identity at the molecular level of specimens occurring in the SWA was confirmed as Z. conchifer. The results of the molecular analysis highlight the existence of hidden specific diversity within the genus.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Iran, the Elburz and Zagros Mountain ranges include substantial karst regions housing numerous aquifers and groundwater resources. Niphargus Schiødte, 1849, a diverse subterranean amphipod genus, inhabits Western Palearctic groundwater environments, with Iran marking the eastern limit of its distribution. This study examined specimens collected from springs along the Elburz and Zagros Mountains, revealing two distinct taxonomic units through a combination of morphological observations and molecular analyses, utilizing COI and 28S rDNA genes. N. elburzensissp. nov. is characterized by produced epimeral plates I to III; a telson lobe with five distal, two lateral, and one mesial spine each, a rectangular shape of gnathopod II propodi with two L-setae on palmar corner and maxilla I outer plate spines with 2-2-1-1-3-0-1 denticles. N. zagrosensissp. nov. is distinguished by a triangular shape gnathopod II propodi, pereopod VI longer than pereopod VII, maxilliped outer plate less than half of palp article 2, and uropod III distal article exceeding 80% of the proximal article. Pairwise genetic distances between N. elburzensissp. nov. and other species ranged from 10.70% (N. fiseri) to 23.48% (N. daniali) for COI gene and 1.56% (N. urmiensis) to 10.98% (N. daniali) for 28S gene. Also, N. zagrosensissp. nov. exhibited COI gene distances from 5.73% (N. alisadri) to 20.66% (N. daniali) and from 0.13% (N. alisadri) to 11.36% (N. daniali) for 28S gene distances. Bayesian analysis suggests that the two newly discovered species are part of the expansive local Iranian clade. These species are supported phylogenetically by separate and independent lineages, as indicated by high bootstrapping values.
在伊朗，埃尔伯兹山脉和扎格罗斯山脉包括大量岩溶地区，其中有许多含水层和地下水资源。Niphargus Schiødte, 1849 是一种种类繁多的地下片脚类动物，栖息于古北界西部的地下水环境中，伊朗是其分布的东部极限。本研究考察了从埃尔伯兹山脉和扎格罗斯山脉的泉水中采集的标本，通过形态观察和利用 COI 和 28S rDNA 基因进行分子分析，揭示了两个不同的分类单元。N.elburzensissp.nov.的特征是外板Ⅰ至Ⅲ产生；吻端叶上端、侧端和中端各有五根刺，吻端叶Ⅱ前端呈矩形，掌角有两根 L-刚毛，上颌Ⅰ外板刺有 2-2-1-1-3-0-1 个小齿。N.zagrosensissp.nov.的区别在于：合趾器 II 的前节呈三角形，围足 VI 长于围足 VII，上颚外板小于上颚第 2 节的一半，泌尿足 III 的远端节超过近端节的 80%。N.elburzensp.nov.与其他物种之间的配对遗传距离为 COI 基因 10.70%（N. fiseri）至 23.48%（N. daniali），28S 基因 1.56%（N. urmiensis）至 10.98%（N. daniali）。此外，N. zagrosensp.nov.的 COI 基因距离为 5.73%（N. alisadri）至 20.66%（N. daniali），28S 基因距离为 0.13%（N. alisadri）至 11.36%（N. daniali）。贝叶斯分析表明，这两个新发现的物种是伊朗当地广阔支系的一部分。高引导值表明，这些物种在系统发育上是独立的。
{"title":"Two new species of groundwater-inhabiting amphipods belonging to the genus Niphargus (Arthropoda, Crustacea), from Iran","authors":"Seyyed Ahmad Mirghaffari, Somayeh Esmaeili-Rineh","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.118051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.118051","url":null,"abstract":"In Iran, the Elburz and Zagros Mountain ranges include substantial karst regions housing numerous aquifers and groundwater resources. Niphargus Schiødte, 1849, a diverse subterranean amphipod genus, inhabits Western Palearctic groundwater environments, with Iran marking the eastern limit of its distribution. This study examined specimens collected from springs along the Elburz and Zagros Mountains, revealing two distinct taxonomic units through a combination of morphological observations and molecular analyses, utilizing COI and 28S rDNA genes. N. elburzensissp. nov. is characterized by produced epimeral plates I to III; a telson lobe with five distal, two lateral, and one mesial spine each, a rectangular shape of gnathopod II propodi with two L-setae on palmar corner and maxilla I outer plate spines with 2-2-1-1-3-0-1 denticles. N. zagrosensissp. nov. is distinguished by a triangular shape gnathopod II propodi, pereopod VI longer than pereopod VII, maxilliped outer plate less than half of palp article 2, and uropod III distal article exceeding 80% of the proximal article. Pairwise genetic distances between N. elburzensissp. nov. and other species ranged from 10.70% (N. fiseri) to 23.48% (N. daniali) for COI gene and 1.56% (N. urmiensis) to 10.98% (N. daniali) for 28S gene. Also, N. zagrosensissp. nov. exhibited COI gene distances from 5.73% (N. alisadri) to 20.66% (N. daniali) and from 0.13% (N. alisadri) to 11.36% (N. daniali) for 28S gene distances. Bayesian analysis suggests that the two newly discovered species are part of the expansive local Iranian clade. These species are supported phylogenetically by separate and independent lineages, as indicated by high bootstrapping values.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Five new species of the genus Bifurcia are described: B. kangdingsp. nov. (♂♀), B. labahesp. nov. (♂), B. ludingsp. nov. (♂♀), B. shuangqiaosp. nov. (♂♀), and B. xiaojinsp. nov. (♂♀) from western Sichuan, China. A distribution map of the species and illustrations of genital characters are provided in this paper.
{"title":"Five new species of the spider genus Bifurcia Saaristo, Tu & Li, 2006 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from Sichuan, China","authors":"Lan Yang, Shuqiang Li, Zhiyuan Yao","doi":"10.3897/zse.100.124160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.124160","url":null,"abstract":"Five new species of the genus Bifurcia are described: B. kangdingsp. nov. (♂♀), B. labahesp. nov. (♂), B. ludingsp. nov. (♂♀), B. shuangqiaosp. nov. (♂♀), and B. xiaojinsp. nov. (♂♀) from western Sichuan, China. A distribution map of the species and illustrations of genital characters are provided in this paper.","PeriodicalId":48677,"journal":{"name":"Zoosystematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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