Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-199-205
John Sebit Benansio, Gift Simon Demaya, D. Dendi, L. Luiselli
Nile Crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus, are widespread along the riverine systems and wetlands of East Africa, and may locally be involved into serious conflicts with local human communities. A research study was conducted to investigate Human-Crocodiles Conflicts (HCC) and its impacts on lives and livelihoods of local communities in the Sudd Wetlands in South Sudan (East Africa). The methodology involved face-to-face interviews and structured questionnaire to fishers and other persons from riverine communities. The questionnaire focused on (i) numbers of attacks by Nile Crocodiles on humans and livestock, (ii) months of attacks, (iii) locations of attacks, and (iv) activity of victims at the time of attacks, from 2018 to 2020. The majority of the interviewees responded that Nile Crocodiles do represent a serious threat to their lives: a total of 23 persons were attacked and killed by crocodiles between 2018 and 2020, with 100% of the attacks to humans being fatal. In addition, 166 heads of livestock were killed during the same period, and a total of 355 livestock were attacked (most of them escaped the attack). The present study revealed that the peak season of attacks by crocodiles was the dry season (October – March), and that there is urgent need of environmental education and awareness for local riverine communities in order to minimize the intensity of the HCC in South Sudan.
{"title":"Attacks by Nile Crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) on Humans and Livestock in the Sudd Wetlands, South Sudan","authors":"John Sebit Benansio, Gift Simon Demaya, D. Dendi, L. Luiselli","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-199-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-199-205","url":null,"abstract":"Nile Crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus, are widespread along the riverine systems and wetlands of East Africa, and may locally be involved into serious conflicts with local human communities. A research study was conducted to investigate Human-Crocodiles Conflicts (HCC) and its impacts on lives and livelihoods of local communities in the Sudd Wetlands in South Sudan (East Africa). The methodology involved face-to-face interviews and structured questionnaire to fishers and other persons from riverine communities. The questionnaire focused on (i) numbers of attacks by Nile Crocodiles on humans and livestock, (ii) months of attacks, (iii) locations of attacks, and (iv) activity of victims at the time of attacks, from 2018 to 2020. The majority of the interviewees responded that Nile Crocodiles do represent a serious threat to their lives: a total of 23 persons were attacked and killed by crocodiles between 2018 and 2020, with 100% of the attacks to humans being fatal. In addition, 166 heads of livestock were killed during the same period, and a total of 355 livestock were attacked (most of them escaped the attack). The present study revealed that the peak season of attacks by crocodiles was the dry season (October – March), and that there is urgent need of environmental education and awareness for local riverine communities in order to minimize the intensity of the HCC in South Sudan.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45328332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-237-249
N. Orlov, P. B. Snetkov, O. Ermakov, T. Nguyen, N. Ananjeva
Herein, we describe a new cryptic snake species of the genus Xenopeltis from Central Highlands of Vietnam: Kon Plông District, Kon Tum Province based both on morphological and molecular data. Xenopeltis intermedius sp. nov. is distinguished from the two known species by a combination of the following morphological characters. Xenopeltis intermedius sp. nov. differs from X. unicolor and X. hainanensis by the number of ventrals and subcaudals. The skull is less elongated than in X. unicolor and somewhat more elongate than in X. hainanensis. X. intermedius demonstrates differences in size, shape proportions and relief of the parietal bone and the number of teeth from X. hainanensis and X. unicolor. We provide a COI-based estimation of diversity of the genus Xenopeltis. Genetic divergence (p-distance) between Xenopeltis sp. nov. from Kon Tum Province, Central Highlands region of Vietnam, and two other congeners was 5.7% (for X. hainanensis) and 12.9% (for X. unicolor). The new species is currently known only from one locality from Central Highland and was recorded from 1500 to 2500 m a.s.l. in the evergreen polydominant forests in the mountainous regions of Kon Tum Province. This is the third species of Xenopeltis from Vietnam.
{"title":"Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Cryptic Species of Xenopeltis Gray, 1831 (Ophidia: Macrostomata: Pythonoidea: Xenopeltidae) from Central Highlands, Vietnam","authors":"N. Orlov, P. B. Snetkov, O. Ermakov, T. Nguyen, N. Ananjeva","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-237-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-237-249","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we describe a new cryptic snake species of the genus Xenopeltis from Central Highlands of Vietnam: Kon Plông District, Kon Tum Province based both on morphological and molecular data. Xenopeltis intermedius sp. nov. is distinguished from the two known species by a combination of the following morphological characters. Xenopeltis intermedius sp. nov. differs from X. unicolor and X. hainanensis by the number of ventrals and subcaudals. The skull is less elongated than in X. unicolor and somewhat more elongate than in X. hainanensis. X. intermedius demonstrates differences in size, shape proportions and relief of the parietal bone and the number of teeth from X. hainanensis and X. unicolor. We provide a COI-based estimation of diversity of the genus Xenopeltis. Genetic divergence (p-distance) between Xenopeltis sp. nov. from Kon Tum Province, Central Highlands region of Vietnam, and two other congeners was 5.7% (for X. hainanensis) and 12.9% (for X. unicolor). The new species is currently known only from one locality from Central Highland and was recorded from 1500 to 2500 m a.s.l. in the evergreen polydominant forests in the mountainous regions of Kon Tum Province. This is the third species of Xenopeltis from Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47747590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-206-214
M. V. Yermokhin, V. Tabachishin
In March 2020, an anomalously early start of the spawning migrations of Pelobates vespertinus was established in the Medveditsa River valley. Males of this species, emerging from a state of hibernation, were observed in the shallow waters of the lake Troynoye on March 13, one month ahead of the long-term mean date over the past 30 years and almost two weeks before the earliest recorded date. From 1892 to 1990 the phenological scenario of a false spring was realized six times only, while seven times — over the past 30 years (1991 – 2020). A second feature of the development of spring processes by the type of false spring in 1990 – 2020 is repeated recurrence of return cooling. The emergence of discreteness (discontinuity) of the spawning migration period against the background of early development of spring processes and repeated periods of return cold is a relatively new feature of the phenology of anuran amphibians. The cumulative proportion of P. vespertinus males arriving at their spawning biotopes from the first to the fifth day from the date of the start of spawning migrations of the species increases on mean (median) from 4 to 38% of the total number of mature males. In 2014, an abrupt change in the proportion of males who came to spawning biotopes during the first five days was found: in 2009 – 2013 was less than a quarter of the total number of males (15 – 23%), and in 2014 – 2017 it was half or more (43 – 70%). Consequences of such phenological abnormalities can become an additional factor in reducing the reproductive success of P. vespertinus and degradation of their local populations. In addition, the abnormal development of spring processes requires correction of census technique and analysis of the sex structure of P. vespertinus populations.
{"title":"False Spring in the Southeastern European Russia and Anomalies of the Phenology of Spawing Migrations of the Pallas’ Spadefoot Toad Pelobates vespertinus (Pelobatidae, Amphibia)","authors":"M. V. Yermokhin, V. Tabachishin","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-206-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-206-214","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2020, an anomalously early start of the spawning migrations of Pelobates vespertinus was established in the Medveditsa River valley. Males of this species, emerging from a state of hibernation, were observed in the shallow waters of the lake Troynoye on March 13, one month ahead of the long-term mean date over the past 30 years and almost two weeks before the earliest recorded date. From 1892 to 1990 the phenological scenario of a false spring was realized six times only, while seven times — over the past 30 years (1991 – 2020). A second feature of the development of spring processes by the type of false spring in 1990 – 2020 is repeated recurrence of return cooling. The emergence of discreteness (discontinuity) of the spawning migration period against the background of early development of spring processes and repeated periods of return cold is a relatively new feature of the phenology of anuran amphibians. The cumulative proportion of P. vespertinus males arriving at their spawning biotopes from the first to the fifth day from the date of the start of spawning migrations of the species increases on mean (median) from 4 to 38% of the total number of mature males. In 2014, an abrupt change in the proportion of males who came to spawning biotopes during the first five days was found: in 2009 – 2013 was less than a quarter of the total number of males (15 – 23%), and in 2014 – 2017 it was half or more (43 – 70%). Consequences of such phenological abnormalities can become an additional factor in reducing the reproductive success of P. vespertinus and degradation of their local populations. In addition, the abnormal development of spring processes requires correction of census technique and analysis of the sex structure of P. vespertinus populations.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45747754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-250-254
U. Bülbül, H. Özkan, Halime Koç
The Pamphylian green lizard, Lacerta pamphylica, whose distribution is only known from Antalya and Mersin provinces of Turkey, is recorded in the Isparta Province for the first time in the present study. The present note reports the new locality records of L. pamphylica, which constitutes the species’ the northernmost known Turkish locality. With the record of the present study, the known distribution area of the species has been extended about 100 km to the northward. The pholidolial and morphometric characters and color-pattern features of the specimens were found similar to the specimens of L. pamphylica reported in the literature.
{"title":"New Locality Records of the Endemic Lizard Species, Lacerta pamphylica Schmidtler, 1975 (Squamata: Lacertidae) in Turkey","authors":"U. Bülbül, H. Özkan, Halime Koç","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-250-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-250-254","url":null,"abstract":"The Pamphylian green lizard, Lacerta pamphylica, whose distribution is only known from Antalya and Mersin provinces of Turkey, is recorded in the Isparta Province for the first time in the present study. The present note reports the new locality records of L. pamphylica, which constitutes the species’ the northernmost known Turkish locality. With the record of the present study, the known distribution area of the species has been extended about 100 km to the northward. The pholidolial and morphometric characters and color-pattern features of the specimens were found similar to the specimens of L. pamphylica reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43793980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-191-198
Shahriar Mawloudi, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, E. Rastegar-Pouyani, S. Rostami
Neurergus derjugini is a mountain brook-dwelling newt which is distributed in the mid-Zagros Mountains in the border areas between Iran and Iraq. During extensive fieldwork in spring and summer 2016, two new localities were found for this endangered species in Kurdistan Province, western periphery of the Iranian Plateau. One locality is in Mariwan county and the other one is located in the extreme northwest of Baneh county. Both newly-found habitats are in relatively remote and lightly populated areas, increasing hopes for conservation of this valuable and critically endangered species.
{"title":"Two New Localities for Critically Endangered Kurdistan Newt, Neurergus derjugini Nesterov, 1916 (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Kurdistan Province, Western Iran and Problematic Taxonomic Status of this Species","authors":"Shahriar Mawloudi, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, E. Rastegar-Pouyani, S. Rostami","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-191-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-191-198","url":null,"abstract":"Neurergus derjugini is a mountain brook-dwelling newt which is distributed in the mid-Zagros Mountains in the border areas between Iran and Iraq. During extensive fieldwork in spring and summer 2016, two new localities were found for this endangered species in Kurdistan Province, western periphery of the Iranian Plateau. One locality is in Mariwan county and the other one is located in the extreme northwest of Baneh county. Both newly-found habitats are in relatively remote and lightly populated areas, increasing hopes for conservation of this valuable and critically endangered species.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45307014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-156-160
E. Syromyatnikova
Fossil records of the Asiatic salamanders (Hynobiidae) are extremely scarce. The fossil European hynobiids come from a few localities of the Miocene-Pleistocene age and potentially suggest that in the past they were widely distributed across the European continent. This paper describes new Neogene records of Hynobiidae from the Late Miocene of Gritsev (Ukraine) and the Late Pliocene of Zhukovsky Mayak (Russia) localities. The hynobiids from Gritsev and Zhukovsky Mayak are the first records of hynobiid salamanders from certain time intervals of the corresponding regions and partly fill the existing gaps in the fossil record of the family. Morphological differences of the described hynobiids from other European forms (i.e., Parahynobius and Salamandrella) suggest a wide taxonomic diversity of the Cenozoic Asiatic salamanders.
{"title":"New Neogene Hynobiidae (Amphibia: Caudata) from Eastern Europe","authors":"E. Syromyatnikova","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-156-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-156-160","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil records of the Asiatic salamanders (Hynobiidae) are extremely scarce. The fossil European hynobiids come from a few localities of the Miocene-Pleistocene age and potentially suggest that in the past they were widely distributed across the European continent. This paper describes new Neogene records of Hynobiidae from the Late Miocene of Gritsev (Ukraine) and the Late Pliocene of Zhukovsky Mayak (Russia) localities. The hynobiids from Gritsev and Zhukovsky Mayak are the first records of hynobiid salamanders from certain time intervals of the corresponding regions and partly fill the existing gaps in the fossil record of the family. Morphological differences of the described hynobiids from other European forms (i.e., Parahynobius and Salamandrella) suggest a wide taxonomic diversity of the Cenozoic Asiatic salamanders.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48860665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-127-136
Sibam Sarkar, Mithra Dey
The stomach content was studied in adults of Kaloula pulchra, Leptobrachium smithi, Sivirana leptoglossa, and Fejervarya spp., which were encountered in the Rosekandy tea estate of Cachar. All the anuran species found were carnivorous and eighteen prey types were identified consisting of arthropods and mollusks from the anuran stomach-flush samples. Significant positive correlations were observed in the snout-vent length and the gape size of the anuran species with the length, width and height of their prey types. Insects of Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were consumed most frequently. Prey selections were based on the microhabitats and the habits of different anuran species. Adults of Hymenoptera were the relatively abundant prey type to all the anurans, but species like Kaloula pulchra and Sylvirana leptoglossa also showed selective feeding on termites (Isoptera).
{"title":"Feeding Selectivity in Anuran Species from a Tea Cultivation Area of Barak Valley, Assam, India","authors":"Sibam Sarkar, Mithra Dey","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-127-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-127-136","url":null,"abstract":"The stomach content was studied in adults of Kaloula pulchra, Leptobrachium smithi, Sivirana leptoglossa, and Fejervarya spp., which were encountered in the Rosekandy tea estate of Cachar. All the anuran species found were carnivorous and eighteen prey types were identified consisting of arthropods and mollusks from the anuran stomach-flush samples. Significant positive correlations were observed in the snout-vent length and the gape size of the anuran species with the length, width and height of their prey types. Insects of Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were consumed most frequently. Prey selections were based on the microhabitats and the habits of different anuran species. Adults of Hymenoptera were the relatively abundant prey type to all the anurans, but species like Kaloula pulchra and Sylvirana leptoglossa also showed selective feeding on termites (Isoptera).","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46450939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-149-155
A. Chulisov, E. Konstantinov, N. Ananjeva, N. V. Kulabukhov
The work analyzes the recent range of Hemidactylus platyurus, which covers most of the Oriental biogeographic region and the zone of introduction during the late 20th century in Florida, USA. A GIS model for this widespread species, which was constructed using the Maxent method based on bioclimatic variables and altitude data, is proposed. The model is in good agreement with the previously known range. The most valuable parameters in this model are four bioclimatic factors (temperature seasonality (39.3%), precipitation in the warmest quarter of the year (31.1%), average daily temperature difference (18.8%) and seasonality of precipitation (8.1%)), which made the largest contribution (97.3%). The analysis of the overlap of ecological niches and recent ranges confirms the sympatric relationship of H. platyurus with H. frenatus, H. garnotii, and H. brookii. This forecast allows us to assess the potential territories for the expansion of H. platyurus to other continents.
{"title":"Distribution and Potential Introduction of the Flat-Tailed House Gecko, Hemidactylus platyurus (Schneider, 1792) (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae)","authors":"A. Chulisov, E. Konstantinov, N. Ananjeva, N. V. Kulabukhov","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-149-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-149-155","url":null,"abstract":"The work analyzes the recent range of Hemidactylus platyurus, which covers most of the Oriental biogeographic region and the zone of introduction during the late 20th century in Florida, USA. A GIS model for this widespread species, which was constructed using the Maxent method based on bioclimatic variables and altitude data, is proposed. The model is in good agreement with the previously known range. The most valuable parameters in this model are four bioclimatic factors (temperature seasonality (39.3%), precipitation in the warmest quarter of the year (31.1%), average daily temperature difference (18.8%) and seasonality of precipitation (8.1%)), which made the largest contribution (97.3%). The analysis of the overlap of ecological niches and recent ranges confirms the sympatric relationship of H. platyurus with H. frenatus, H. garnotii, and H. brookii. This forecast allows us to assess the potential territories for the expansion of H. platyurus to other continents.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43576987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-137-148
F. Tu, Longhui Zhao, R. W. Murphy, Xiaofei Zhai, Jichao Wang
The Hong Kong Whipping Frog (Polypedates megacephalus) is widespread on Hainan Island and yet nothing is known about its history. To investigate this, we use sequences of a partial fragment of mitochondrial ND1 and its flanking region from 248 individuals taken from 30 localities. Analyses reveal low genetic diversity and commonly shared haplotypes. Montane areas exhibit a significantly greater genetic diversity than lowland areas (P 0.01). The origin of P. megacephalus on Hainan Island dates to 1.06 Ma in the Pleistocene. Population expansion events were associated with the transition from the last interglacial period to the last glacial maximum. The matrilineal history indicates dispersal from the montane to the lowland. Bidirectional dispersion occurs between northeastern and southwestern parts of the island. Low FCT values for the northeastern and the southwestern areas associate with rivers, whereas the highest values occur among two geographical groups. Thus, mountains and rivers appear to have effected dispersal. Pleistocene climatic cooling and the creation of a landbridge with mainland China owing to lowered sea levels best explains the occurrence of P. megacephalus on Hainan Island. The analyses provide insights into the effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on an amphibian on Hainan Island.
{"title":"Phylogeography of the Hong Kong Whipping Frog (Polypedates megacephalus) throughout Hainan Island, China","authors":"F. Tu, Longhui Zhao, R. W. Murphy, Xiaofei Zhai, Jichao Wang","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-137-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-137-148","url":null,"abstract":"The Hong Kong Whipping Frog (Polypedates megacephalus) is widespread on Hainan Island and yet nothing is known about its history. To investigate this, we use sequences of a partial fragment of mitochondrial ND1 and its flanking region from 248 individuals taken from 30 localities. Analyses reveal low genetic diversity and commonly shared haplotypes. Montane areas exhibit a significantly greater genetic diversity than lowland areas (P 0.01). The origin of P. megacephalus on Hainan Island dates to 1.06 Ma in the Pleistocene. Population expansion events were associated with the transition from the last interglacial period to the last glacial maximum. The matrilineal history indicates dispersal from the montane to the lowland. Bidirectional dispersion occurs between northeastern and southwestern parts of the island. Low FCT values for the northeastern and the southwestern areas associate with rivers, whereas the highest values occur among two geographical groups. Thus, mountains and rivers appear to have effected dispersal. Pleistocene climatic cooling and the creation of a landbridge with mainland China owing to lowered sea levels best explains the occurrence of P. megacephalus on Hainan Island. The analyses provide insights into the effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on an amphibian on Hainan Island.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47215132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-161-168
Hellen Kurniati, N. L. P. R. Phadmacanty
Tokay gecko, Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) is highly exploited in Java for human consumption in China. Using skeletochronology, the age and body growth of Tokay Geckos from local populations in Central Java (18 females, 21 males) and in East Java (19 females, 42 males) were studied for the first time. A total of 100 frozen specimens (37 females, 63 males) were used. Sex was determined by observing the presence (male) or absence of pre-anal pores (female). Snout to vent length (SVL) of the smallest female and male with the line of arrested growth (LAG) was 127.1 and 160.4 mm, respectively. Both males and females reach sexual maturity before one year old with 98.3 mm SVL for females and 111.6 mm SVL for males. Analysis of the LAG counts indicated that the age of individuals that were harvested was ranged 0 – 2 years for females and males, with SVL ranging 110 – 182 mm. Growth rates in SVL are much faster in males as compared to females, as well as increasing of MP (width of bone from the edge of marrow cavity to the periosteal outer margin) inside femur bone. The mean SVL of males was larger than that of females. The Sexual Dimorphism Index (SDI) was calculated as -0.28, indicating a sexual size dimorphism in favor of males.
{"title":"Age and Body Growth of the Tokay Gecko, Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758), Studied by the Skeletochronological Method","authors":"Hellen Kurniati, N. L. P. R. Phadmacanty","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-161-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-3-161-168","url":null,"abstract":"Tokay gecko, Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) is highly exploited in Java for human consumption in China. Using skeletochronology, the age and body growth of Tokay Geckos from local populations in Central Java (18 females, 21 males) and in East Java (19 females, 42 males) were studied for the first time. A total of 100 frozen specimens (37 females, 63 males) were used. Sex was determined by observing the presence (male) or absence of pre-anal pores (female). Snout to vent length (SVL) of the smallest female and male with the line of arrested growth (LAG) was 127.1 and 160.4 mm, respectively. Both males and females reach sexual maturity before one year old with 98.3 mm SVL for females and 111.6 mm SVL for males. Analysis of the LAG counts indicated that the age of individuals that were harvested was ranged 0 – 2 years for females and males, with SVL ranging 110 – 182 mm. Growth rates in SVL are much faster in males as compared to females, as well as increasing of MP (width of bone from the edge of marrow cavity to the periosteal outer margin) inside femur bone. The mean SVL of males was larger than that of females. The Sexual Dimorphism Index (SDI) was calculated as -0.28, indicating a sexual size dimorphism in favor of males.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45023149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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