Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-300197/v1
R. Meek, L. Luiselli
The influence of temperature on the physiological processes in reptiles is well known, for example growth, reproduction, muscular energy are all largely temperature dependent and therefore temperature is a key aspect of reptilian ecology. However, there may be constraints on the ability of reptiles to harness thermal energy, particularly during cold seasons in the temperate zones. Substrate selection is a key aspect in thermoregulation and can enhance heat uptake. For example, wood substrates are known to increase rates of heat gain in basking reptiles enabling earlier attainment of optimum body temperatures compared to other substrate types, which enables increased time available for other activities. In this paper we describe substrate use for basking in two species of lizard, Lacerta bilineata and Podarcis muralis in a hedgerow and suburban garden in western France compared against a null model of substrate availability. When different substrates were pooled based on their material similarities both species were recorded in greater frequency on wood based materials in comparison to their availability compared to non-wood substrates. However at a finer level, in comparison to substrate availability (fallen tree branches, tree stumps, open ground etc), P. muralis showed strong substrate selection for basking, whereas L. bilineata did not depart significantly from the null model. We speculated that intra-specific aggression in L. bilineata was a possible cause of this result due to dominant individuals limiting smaller or female lizards from accessing prime basking sites. Differences in communal basking between the two species supported this notion.
{"title":"Living in Patchy Habitats: Substrate Selection for Basking by Sympatric Lizards in Contrasted Anthropogenic Habitats in Western France","authors":"R. Meek, L. Luiselli","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-300197/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-300197/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The influence of temperature on the physiological processes in reptiles is well known, for example growth, reproduction, muscular energy are all largely temperature dependent and therefore temperature is a key aspect of reptilian ecology. However, there may be constraints on the ability of reptiles to harness thermal energy, particularly during cold seasons in the temperate zones. Substrate selection is a key aspect in thermoregulation and can enhance heat uptake. For example, wood substrates are known to increase rates of heat gain in basking reptiles enabling earlier attainment of optimum body temperatures compared to other substrate types, which enables increased time available for other activities. In this paper we describe substrate use for basking in two species of lizard, Lacerta bilineata and Podarcis muralis in a hedgerow and suburban garden in western France compared against a null model of substrate availability. When different substrates were pooled based on their material similarities both species were recorded in greater frequency on wood based materials in comparison to their availability compared to non-wood substrates. However at a finer level, in comparison to substrate availability (fallen tree branches, tree stumps, open ground etc), P. muralis showed strong substrate selection for basking, whereas L. bilineata did not depart significantly from the null model. We speculated that intra-specific aggression in L. bilineata was a possible cause of this result due to dominant individuals limiting smaller or female lizards from accessing prime basking sites. Differences in communal basking between the two species supported this notion.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47340464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-309-317
K. Schwenk
In lizards, the tongue is joined to the mandible by the median genioglossus medialis muscle and the larger, paired genioglossus lateralis muscles. These muscles run through a frenulum and along the sides of the tongue, forming its walls. In horned lizards, however, the genioglossus lateralis muscles fail to join the tongue for most of its length, forming separate ridges evident in the floor of the mouth lateral to the body of the tongue. This unique tongue morphology co-occurs with horned lizards’ ability to consume large numbers of potentially lethal harvester ants, a diet enabled by a feeding mechanism in which ants are rapidly immobilized with strings of mucus before immediate swallowing. Circumstantial evidence implicates the unusual morphology of the genioglossus lateralis muscles in the mucus-binding system.
{"title":"Tongue Morphology in Horned Lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Phrynosoma) and its Relationship to Specialized Feeding and Diet","authors":"K. Schwenk","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-309-317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-309-317","url":null,"abstract":"In lizards, the tongue is joined to the mandible by the median genioglossus medialis muscle and the larger, paired genioglossus lateralis muscles. These muscles run through a frenulum and along the sides of the tongue, forming its walls. In horned lizards, however, the genioglossus lateralis muscles fail to join the tongue for most of its length, forming separate ridges evident in the floor of the mouth lateral to the body of the tongue. This unique tongue morphology co-occurs with horned lizards’ ability to consume large numbers of potentially lethal harvester ants, a diet enabled by a feeding mechanism in which ants are rapidly immobilized with strings of mucus before immediate swallowing. Circumstantial evidence implicates the unusual morphology of the genioglossus lateralis muscles in the mucus-binding system.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48373667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-291-308
T. Dujsebayeva, N. Ananjeva, A. Bauer
The skin, as the interface of the body with the outside world, is directly exposed to the impacts of the environment. We have examined the microstructure of scale surfaces and the numerical distribution and morphology of skin sensory organs (SSO) in Australian limbless lizards of the family Pygopodidae. We have shown that the hairy sensory organs, as complex morphological structures, are a stable characteristic of the scale integument of pygopodids. This feature reflects their relationship to geckos and is shared homoplastically with some iguanian families (Dactyloidae, Leiosauridae, Opluridae, Chamaeleonidae). At the same time, scale micro-ornamentation as an elementary morphological structure is more plastic and, although the basic spinulate pattern is dominant, other variants occur on the scales of the serpentine body of pygopodids. We accept the spinules of MiO and the hairs of SSO as homologous structures at the cellular level since they are both derivatives of the Oberhäutchen cell surface. We propose to characterize the hair-bearing SSO of gekkotan and iguanian lizards as Oberhäutchen hairy sensory organs (ObHSO). Domination of SP MiO and presence of ObHSO in the integument of Gekkota and several families of Iguania, and sporadic occurrence of SP MiO in autarchoglossan taxa provide justification for regarding these characters as plesiomorphic. We characterize the high abundance (iterative state) of SSO in the scales of the head of pygopodids as representing the phenomenon of «overiteration», in which the phylogenetically established condition is enhanced by functional demands on the organism.
{"title":"Scale Microstructures of Pygopodid Lizards (Gekkota: Pygopodidae): Phylogenetic Stability and Ecological Plasticity","authors":"T. Dujsebayeva, N. Ananjeva, A. Bauer","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-291-308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-291-308","url":null,"abstract":"The skin, as the interface of the body with the outside world, is directly exposed to the impacts of the environment. We have examined the microstructure of scale surfaces and the numerical distribution and morphology of skin sensory organs (SSO) in Australian limbless lizards of the family Pygopodidae. We have shown that the hairy sensory organs, as complex morphological structures, are a stable characteristic of the scale integument of pygopodids. This feature reflects their relationship to geckos and is shared homoplastically with some iguanian families (Dactyloidae, Leiosauridae, Opluridae, Chamaeleonidae). At the same time, scale micro-ornamentation as an elementary morphological structure is more plastic and, although the basic spinulate pattern is dominant, other variants occur on the scales of the serpentine body of pygopodids. We accept the spinules of MiO and the hairs of SSO as homologous structures at the cellular level since they are both derivatives of the Oberhäutchen cell surface. We propose to characterize the hair-bearing SSO of gekkotan and iguanian lizards as Oberhäutchen hairy sensory organs (ObHSO). Domination of SP MiO and presence of ObHSO in the integument of Gekkota and several families of Iguania, and sporadic occurrence of SP MiO in autarchoglossan taxa provide justification for regarding these characters as plesiomorphic. We characterize the high abundance (iterative state) of SSO in the scales of the head of pygopodids as representing the phenomenon of «overiteration», in which the phylogenetically established condition is enhanced by functional demands on the organism.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44833964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-237-241
T. Dujsebayeva, I. Doronin
{"title":"On the Jubilee of the Editor-in-Chief Prof. Natalia B. Ananjeva","authors":"T. Dujsebayeva, I. Doronin","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-237-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-237-241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43994980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-275-280
V. Yartsev, S. S. Evseeva, I. Maslova, D. A. Rogashevskaya
The cloaca of salamanders is a complex organ with exocrine glands involved in the production of sex pheromones, spermatophores, and storage of sperm. Since the cloaca provides reproductive functions, its signs are important for phylogenetic analysis in the evolutionary biology of tailed amphibians. For clarification of intrafamilial variation of cloacal characteristics in hynobiids, we studied the anatomy of male and female cloacae of Onychodactylus fischeri via histological, histochemical, and 3D-reconstruction methods. Males and females had ciliated cloacal linings and with sexual dimorphism in cloacal conformation and cloacal glands. As in other males and females of hynobiids, females of O. fischeri possessed only ventral glands, secreting neutral glycoproteins. In contrast, males of this species had three types of the cloacal glands. Glands «B» were like ventral glands of females and other hynobiids, while glands «A» and «C» had different histochemical and morphological characteristics. As our results are generally consistent with the data for the related species O. japonicus, these characteristics of the male and female cloacal anatomy may be common to all species of the genus Onychodactylus. The presence of three types of unique cloacal glands in males distinguishes Onychodactylus from all other hynobiids and salamanders.
{"title":"Male and Female Cloacal Anatomy of the Fischer’s Clawed Salamander, Onychodactylus fischeri (Caudata, Hynobiidae)","authors":"V. Yartsev, S. S. Evseeva, I. Maslova, D. A. Rogashevskaya","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-275-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-275-280","url":null,"abstract":"The cloaca of salamanders is a complex organ with exocrine glands involved in the production of sex pheromones, spermatophores, and storage of sperm. Since the cloaca provides reproductive functions, its signs are important for phylogenetic analysis in the evolutionary biology of tailed amphibians. For clarification of intrafamilial variation of cloacal characteristics in hynobiids, we studied the anatomy of male and female cloacae of Onychodactylus fischeri via histological, histochemical, and 3D-reconstruction methods. Males and females had ciliated cloacal linings and with sexual dimorphism in cloacal conformation and cloacal glands. As in other males and females of hynobiids, females of O. fischeri possessed only ventral glands, secreting neutral glycoproteins. In contrast, males of this species had three types of the cloacal glands. Glands «B» were like ventral glands of females and other hynobiids, while glands «A» and «C» had different histochemical and morphological characteristics. As our results are generally consistent with the data for the related species O. japonicus, these characteristics of the male and female cloacal anatomy may be common to all species of the genus Onychodactylus. The presence of three types of unique cloacal glands in males distinguishes Onychodactylus from all other hynobiids and salamanders.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47432463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-242-248
S. Lyapkov, T. E. Kondratova, R. A. Ivolga, E. A. Kidova, A. Kidov
In the Talysh Mountains, the marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), increases its distribution due to human activity. In the mountain forest belt, frogs inhabit flowing ponds with cold spring water. These reservoirs are characterized by a stable temperature regime: the water in them is kept at the level of 10 – 12°C in winter and does not fall below 6°C, and in summer does not rise above 18°C. Probably, the cold flow water of ponds in the mountain-forest belt of Talysh can cause some features of growth and maturation for P. ridibundus. The aim of our work was to study the features of the structure of growth layers including the variation in degree of expression of lines of arrested growth (LAGs) of the marsh frogs in ponds with cold flow water. Frogs were collected in the upper part of the Tangeru River gorge in Sym village of Astara District of Azerbaijan (480 m a.s.l.) in August 2018. In total, we studied skeletochronologically 8 females and 9 males. In contrast to the results of the tubular bones studies in the marsh frog presented in earlier works, the studied individuals are characterized by a more complex and diverse structure in the cross section of shin bones. All the revealed diversity of this structure can be divided into three groups. To the first group are relatively rare cases in which there are growth layers with wintering LAGs and additional growth layers but without additional LAGs. The second group includes more frequent cases in which there are growth layers not only with wintering LAGs but with additional LAGs differing discretely from wintering LAGs. The third group includes the rarest cases where there are growth layers with wintering LAGs and with additional LAGs without discrete difference from wintering LAGs. The revealed high variable structure of growth layers and distinctiveness of LAGs in P. ridibundus can be explained by unusual temperature regime in habitat of studied population and the existence of several activity period during a year. The most continuous period of low temperatures (February and March) corresponds to formation hibernation LAGs and dark rings in growth layers. Besides, period from early December to late January may be so cold that frog growth retard sufficiently or stop completely. The formation of more dark parts of growth layers or even several additional LAGs can correspond to this period.
{"title":"Growth Layers and Its Complex Structure in a Common Species Under Uncommon Conditions: Pelophylax ridibundus in the Talysh Mountains","authors":"S. Lyapkov, T. E. Kondratova, R. A. Ivolga, E. A. Kidova, A. Kidov","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-242-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-242-248","url":null,"abstract":"In the Talysh Mountains, the marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), increases its distribution due to human activity. In the mountain forest belt, frogs inhabit flowing ponds with cold spring water. These reservoirs are characterized by a stable temperature regime: the water in them is kept at the level of 10 – 12°C in winter and does not fall below 6°C, and in summer does not rise above 18°C. Probably, the cold flow water of ponds in the mountain-forest belt of Talysh can cause some features of growth and maturation for P. ridibundus. The aim of our work was to study the features of the structure of growth layers including the variation in degree of expression of lines of arrested growth (LAGs) of the marsh frogs in ponds with cold flow water. Frogs were collected in the upper part of the Tangeru River gorge in Sym village of Astara District of Azerbaijan (480 m a.s.l.) in August 2018. In total, we studied skeletochronologically 8 females and 9 males. In contrast to the results of the tubular bones studies in the marsh frog presented in earlier works, the studied individuals are characterized by a more complex and diverse structure in the cross section of shin bones. All the revealed diversity of this structure can be divided into three groups. To the first group are relatively rare cases in which there are growth layers with wintering LAGs and additional growth layers but without additional LAGs. The second group includes more frequent cases in which there are growth layers not only with wintering LAGs but with additional LAGs differing discretely from wintering LAGs. The third group includes the rarest cases where there are growth layers with wintering LAGs and with additional LAGs without discrete difference from wintering LAGs. The revealed high variable structure of growth layers and distinctiveness of LAGs in P. ridibundus can be explained by unusual temperature regime in habitat of studied population and the existence of several activity period during a year. The most continuous period of low temperatures (February and March) corresponds to formation hibernation LAGs and dark rings in growth layers. Besides, period from early December to late January may be so cold that frog growth retard sufficiently or stop completely. The formation of more dark parts of growth layers or even several additional LAGs can correspond to this period.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41724877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-249-266
A. Russell, Lisa D. McGregor, A. Bauer
Cutaneous sensory organs are characteristic of many squamate lineages. Such organs may occur on the surface of scales as button-like, circular protuberances set off from their surroundings by a noticeable boundary, often taking the form of a moat or furrow. They may be relatively unadorned, clad with the surface micro-ornamentation of the scales on which they are carried, or they may carry one or more bristles of varying length and surface ornamentation. Such bristles may extend away from the body of the organ to interface with the surrounding environment or to contact adjacent scales. Cutaneous sensory organs have been physiologically demonstrated to have a mechanoreceptive function but have also been posited to potentially be involved with additional sensory modalities. Their distribution and structure across the body surface has been shown to be unequal, with some regions being much more extensively endowed than others, indicative of regional differential sensitivity. The digits of Anolis (Iguania: Dactyloidae) carry adhesive toepads that are convergent with those of geckos (Gekkota). Geckos exhibit a high density of cutaneous sensory organs on their toepads and their form and distribution has been associated with the operation and control of the toepads during locomotion. Investigation of the form and topographical distribution of cutaneous sensory organs on the toepads of Anolis shows them to be convergent in these attributes with those of geckos and quite distinct from those of the ancestrally padless Iguana (Iguania: Iguanidae). Their location at scale margins and the direction of their bristles towards adjacent scales indicates that the cutaneous sensory organs play an important role in proprioception during toepad deployment in Anolis.
{"title":"Morphology and Distribution of Cutaneous Sensory Organs on the Digits of Anolis carolinensis and A. sagrei (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in Relation to the Adhesive Toepads and Their Deployment","authors":"A. Russell, Lisa D. McGregor, A. Bauer","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-249-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-249-266","url":null,"abstract":"Cutaneous sensory organs are characteristic of many squamate lineages. Such organs may occur on the surface of scales as button-like, circular protuberances set off from their surroundings by a noticeable boundary, often taking the form of a moat or furrow. They may be relatively unadorned, clad with the surface micro-ornamentation of the scales on which they are carried, or they may carry one or more bristles of varying length and surface ornamentation. Such bristles may extend away from the body of the organ to interface with the surrounding environment or to contact adjacent scales. Cutaneous sensory organs have been physiologically demonstrated to have a mechanoreceptive function but have also been posited to potentially be involved with additional sensory modalities. Their distribution and structure across the body surface has been shown to be unequal, with some regions being much more extensively endowed than others, indicative of regional differential sensitivity. The digits of Anolis (Iguania: Dactyloidae) carry adhesive toepads that are convergent with those of geckos (Gekkota). Geckos exhibit a high density of cutaneous sensory organs on their toepads and their form and distribution has been associated with the operation and control of the toepads during locomotion. Investigation of the form and topographical distribution of cutaneous sensory organs on the toepads of Anolis shows them to be convergent in these attributes with those of geckos and quite distinct from those of the ancestrally padless Iguana (Iguania: Iguanidae). Their location at scale margins and the direction of their bristles towards adjacent scales indicates that the cutaneous sensory organs play an important role in proprioception during toepad deployment in Anolis.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41425042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-267-274
L. Alibardi
During epidermal differentiation in the scales of lizards and snakes, from the basal layer beta- and later alpha-keratinocytes are generated to form beta-and alpha-corneous layers. In the lizard Anolis carolinensis, minor proteins derived from the EDC (Epidermal Differentiation Complex) are added to the main constituent proteins, IFKs (Intermediate Filament Keratins) and CBPs (Corneous Beta Proteins, formerly indicated as beta keratins). One of these proteins that previous studies showed to be exclusively expressed in the skin, EDWM (EDC protein containing high GSRC amino acids) is rich in cysteine and arginine, amino acids that form numerous –S–S– and electro-static chemical bonds in the corneous material. Light and electron microscopy immunolbeling for EDWM show a diffuse localization in differentiating beta-cells and in some alpha-cells, in particular those of the clear-layer, involved in epidermal shedding. The study suggests that EDWM may function as a matrix protein that binds to IFKs and CBPs, contributing to the formation of the specific corneous material present in beta- and alpha-corneous layers. In particular, its higher immunolocalization in the maturing clear layer indicates that this protein is important for its differentiation and epidermal shedding in A. carolinensis and likely also in other lepidosaurian reptiles.
{"title":"Immunolocalization of the EDWM-Protein Indicates a Matrix Role in Cornification of Lizard Epidermis","authors":"L. Alibardi","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-267-274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-267-274","url":null,"abstract":"During epidermal differentiation in the scales of lizards and snakes, from the basal layer beta- and later alpha-keratinocytes are generated to form beta-and alpha-corneous layers. In the lizard Anolis carolinensis, minor proteins derived from the EDC (Epidermal Differentiation Complex) are added to the main constituent proteins, IFKs (Intermediate Filament Keratins) and CBPs (Corneous Beta Proteins, formerly indicated as beta keratins). One of these proteins that previous studies showed to be exclusively expressed in the skin, EDWM (EDC protein containing high GSRC amino acids) is rich in cysteine and arginine, amino acids that form numerous –S–S– and electro-static chemical bonds in the corneous material. Light and electron microscopy immunolbeling for EDWM show a diffuse localization in differentiating beta-cells and in some alpha-cells, in particular those of the clear-layer, involved in epidermal shedding. The study suggests that EDWM may function as a matrix protein that binds to IFKs and CBPs, contributing to the formation of the specific corneous material present in beta- and alpha-corneous layers. In particular, its higher immunolocalization in the maturing clear layer indicates that this protein is important for its differentiation and epidermal shedding in A. carolinensis and likely also in other lepidosaurian reptiles.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47801897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-281-290
I. Arifulova, G. Delfino, T. Dujsebayeva, G. Fedotovskikh, F. Giachi
The cutaneous apparatus of Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864) (the Tungara frog) includes serous glands that show impressive patterns of degeneration in their syncytial secretory units, and thus represent suitable organ models to investigate the role of macrophages in renewal processes of multicellular structures. The present case report exploits this chance and highlights that: (a) degenerating glands pertain to the Ia line of the polymorphic serous gland assortment in Tungara skin; (b) resident macrophages migrate from spongy dermis and remove syncytium debris; (c) secretory syncytium collapse results from impairment of the equilibrium between serous product manufacturing/storage and merocrine release into the dermal environment; (d) Intercalated tract (or gland neck) and myoepithelium (included its ortho-sympathetic nerve supply), are neither involved in degeneration nor affected by macrophage response. According to present evidence and current literature, it is concluded that the scavenger activity of macrophages prepares secretory unit renewal, performed by stem cells from the neck. In addition, gland functional rehabilitation may rely on effectiveness of the preexisting neuromuscular apparatus to achieve secretory bulk release onto the cutaneous surface.
{"title":"Serous Glands in the Skin of the Tungara Frog, Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864) (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Degenerated Secretory Units are Selectively Removed by Macrophages","authors":"I. Arifulova, G. Delfino, T. Dujsebayeva, G. Fedotovskikh, F. Giachi","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-281-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-281-290","url":null,"abstract":"The cutaneous apparatus of Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864) (the Tungara frog) includes serous glands that show impressive patterns of degeneration in their syncytial secretory units, and thus represent suitable organ models to investigate the role of macrophages in renewal processes of multicellular structures. The present case report exploits this chance and highlights that: (a) degenerating glands pertain to the Ia line of the polymorphic serous gland assortment in Tungara skin; (b) resident macrophages migrate from spongy dermis and remove syncytium debris; (c) secretory syncytium collapse results from impairment of the equilibrium between serous product manufacturing/storage and merocrine release into the dermal environment; (d) Intercalated tract (or gland neck) and myoepithelium (included its ortho-sympathetic nerve supply), are neither involved in degeneration nor affected by macrophage response. According to present evidence and current literature, it is concluded that the scavenger activity of macrophages prepares secretory unit renewal, performed by stem cells from the neck. In addition, gland functional rehabilitation may rely on effectiveness of the preexisting neuromuscular apparatus to achieve secretory bulk release onto the cutaneous surface.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43023179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-4-175-184
G. Erdélyi, Borbála Szabó, I. Kiss
Sun basking is the most common method for freshwater turtles, such as the European pond turtle, to maintain optimal body temperature. The attributes of the macro- and microhabitat features around the basking sites affect the basking site selection of the European pond turtle. To protect the European pond turtle, it is important to know the basking habits among the biological characteristics of the species, along with the effects of the habitat characteristics and the choice of the type of basking sites. The purpose of our research was to detect the effects of macro- and microhabitat features on the selection of basking sites. We wanted to determine basking site type selection according to the carapace length classes and if there is any difference in the choice of basking trunks and branches with different thicknesses. Turtles choose basking sites with less closed vegetation in their environment. We have detected seasonal differences in the microhabitat features. The closing reed and Typha sp. had a negative effect on the number of observed basking turtles. The most popular type of basking sites in the pond system was the commonly occurred fallen tree trunks and branches in the water, regardless of turtle body size. Most turtles used thinner tree trunks and branches for basking. In the meantime, we found differences in the choice of basking trunks between the turtles with different body sizes. Younger turtles with smaller bodies appeared in larger numbers on emergent branches with smaller diameters.
{"title":"Basking Site Selection and Usage Strategies of the European Pond Turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Babat valley (Gödöllő, Hungary)","authors":"G. Erdélyi, Borbála Szabó, I. Kiss","doi":"10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-4-175-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-4-175-184","url":null,"abstract":"Sun basking is the most common method for freshwater turtles, such as the European pond turtle, to maintain optimal body temperature. The attributes of the macro- and microhabitat features around the basking sites affect the basking site selection of the European pond turtle. To protect the European pond turtle, it is important to know the basking habits among the biological characteristics of the species, along with the effects of the habitat characteristics and the choice of the type of basking sites. The purpose of our research was to detect the effects of macro- and microhabitat features on the selection of basking sites. We wanted to determine basking site type selection according to the carapace length classes and if there is any difference in the choice of basking trunks and branches with different thicknesses. Turtles choose basking sites with less closed vegetation in their environment. We have detected seasonal differences in the microhabitat features. The closing reed and Typha sp. had a negative effect on the number of observed basking turtles. The most popular type of basking sites in the pond system was the commonly occurred fallen tree trunks and branches in the water, regardless of turtle body size. Most turtles used thinner tree trunks and branches for basking. In the meantime, we found differences in the choice of basking trunks between the turtles with different body sizes. Younger turtles with smaller bodies appeared in larger numbers on emergent branches with smaller diameters.","PeriodicalId":48693,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Herpetology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43670023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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