Yan Zheng, Ruhai Ye, Xiaojun Hong, Yiming Tao, Zherui Li
Urban street vitality has been a perennial focus within the domain of urban planning. This study examined spatial patterns of street vitality in the old city of Nanjing during working days and weekends using real-time user datasets (RTUDs). A spatial autoregressive model (SAM) and a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model were employed to quantitatively assess the impact of various factors on street vitality and their spatial heterogeneity. This study revealed the following: (1) the distribution of street vitality in the old city of Nanjing exhibited a structure centered around Xinjiekou, with greater regularity and predictability in street vitality on working days than on weekends; (2) eight variables, such as traffic location, road density, and functional density, are positively associated with street vitality, whereas the green view index is negatively associated with street vitality, and commercial location benefits street vitality at weekends but detracts from street vitality on working days; and (3) the influence of variables such as traffic location and functional density on street vitality is contingent on their spatial position. Based on these results, this study provides new strategies to enhance the street vitality of old cities.
{"title":"What Factors Revitalize the Street Vitality of Old Cities? A Case Study in Nanjing, China","authors":"Yan Zheng, Ruhai Ye, Xiaojun Hong, Yiming Tao, Zherui Li","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080282","url":null,"abstract":"Urban street vitality has been a perennial focus within the domain of urban planning. This study examined spatial patterns of street vitality in the old city of Nanjing during working days and weekends using real-time user datasets (RTUDs). A spatial autoregressive model (SAM) and a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model were employed to quantitatively assess the impact of various factors on street vitality and their spatial heterogeneity. This study revealed the following: (1) the distribution of street vitality in the old city of Nanjing exhibited a structure centered around Xinjiekou, with greater regularity and predictability in street vitality on working days than on weekends; (2) eight variables, such as traffic location, road density, and functional density, are positively associated with street vitality, whereas the green view index is negatively associated with street vitality, and commercial location benefits street vitality at weekends but detracts from street vitality on working days; and (3) the influence of variables such as traffic location and functional density on street vitality is contingent on their spatial position. Based on these results, this study provides new strategies to enhance the street vitality of old cities.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of geo-positioning technologies, location-based services have become increasingly widespread. In the field of location-based services, range queries on geographical data have emerged as an important research topic, attracting significant attention from academia and industry. In many applications, data owners choose to outsource their geographical data and range query tasks to cloud servers to alleviate the burden of local data storage and computation. However, this outsourcing presents many security challenges. These challenges include adversaries analyzing outsourced geographical data and query requests to obtain privacy information, untrusted cloud servers selectively querying a portion of the outsourced data to conserve computational resources, returning incorrect search results to data users, and even illegally modifying the outsourced geographical data, etc. To address these security concerns and provide reliable services to data owners and data users, this paper proposes an efficient and verifiable range query scheme (EVRQ) for encrypted geographical information in untrusted cloud environments. EVRQ is constructed based on a map region tree, 0–1encoding, hash function, Bloom filter, and cryptographic multiset accumulator. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate the efficiency of EVRQ, and a comprehensive analysis confirms the security of EVRQ.
{"title":"Efficient and Verifiable Range Query Scheme for Encrypted Geographical Information in Untrusted Cloud Environments","authors":"Zhuolin Mei, Jing Zeng, Caicai Zhang, Shimao Yao, Shunli Zhang, Haibin Wang, Hongbo Li, Jiaoli Shi","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080281","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of geo-positioning technologies, location-based services have become increasingly widespread. In the field of location-based services, range queries on geographical data have emerged as an important research topic, attracting significant attention from academia and industry. In many applications, data owners choose to outsource their geographical data and range query tasks to cloud servers to alleviate the burden of local data storage and computation. However, this outsourcing presents many security challenges. These challenges include adversaries analyzing outsourced geographical data and query requests to obtain privacy information, untrusted cloud servers selectively querying a portion of the outsourced data to conserve computational resources, returning incorrect search results to data users, and even illegally modifying the outsourced geographical data, etc. To address these security concerns and provide reliable services to data owners and data users, this paper proposes an efficient and verifiable range query scheme (EVRQ) for encrypted geographical information in untrusted cloud environments. EVRQ is constructed based on a map region tree, 0–1encoding, hash function, Bloom filter, and cryptographic multiset accumulator. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate the efficiency of EVRQ, and a comprehensive analysis confirms the security of EVRQ.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As mobile internet and Internet of Things technologies rapidly advance, the amount of spatio-temporal big data have surged, and efficient and secure management solutions are urgently needed. Although cloud storage provides convenience, it also brings significant data security challenges. Blockchain technology is an ideal choice for processing large-scale spatio-temporal big data due to its unique security features, but its storage scalability is limited because the data need to be replicated throughout the network. To solve this problem, a common approach is to combine blockchain with off-chain storage to form a hybrid storage blockchain. However, these solutions cannot guarantee the authenticity, integrity, and consistency of on-chain and off-chain data storage, and preprocessing is required in the setup phase to generate public parameters proportional to the data length, which increases the computational burden and reduces transmission efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a collaborative storage mechanism for spatio-temporal big data based on incremental aggregation sub-vector commitments, which uses vector commitment binding technology to ensure the secure storage of on-chain and off-chain data. By generating public parameters of fixed length, the computational complexity is reduced and the communication efficiency is improved while improving the security of the system. In addition, we design an aggregation proof protocol that integrates aggregation algorithms and smart contracts to improve the efficiency of data query and verification and ensure the consistency and integrity of spatio-temporal big data storage. Finally, simulation experiments verify the correctness and security of the proposed protocol, providing a solid foundation for the blockchain-based spatio-temporal big data storage system.
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Big Data Collaborative Storage Mechanism Based on Incremental Aggregation Subvector Commitment in On-Chain and Off-Chain Systems","authors":"Mingjia Han, Xinyi Yang, Huachang Su, Yekang Zhao, Ding Huang, Yongjun Ren","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080280","url":null,"abstract":"As mobile internet and Internet of Things technologies rapidly advance, the amount of spatio-temporal big data have surged, and efficient and secure management solutions are urgently needed. Although cloud storage provides convenience, it also brings significant data security challenges. Blockchain technology is an ideal choice for processing large-scale spatio-temporal big data due to its unique security features, but its storage scalability is limited because the data need to be replicated throughout the network. To solve this problem, a common approach is to combine blockchain with off-chain storage to form a hybrid storage blockchain. However, these solutions cannot guarantee the authenticity, integrity, and consistency of on-chain and off-chain data storage, and preprocessing is required in the setup phase to generate public parameters proportional to the data length, which increases the computational burden and reduces transmission efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a collaborative storage mechanism for spatio-temporal big data based on incremental aggregation sub-vector commitments, which uses vector commitment binding technology to ensure the secure storage of on-chain and off-chain data. By generating public parameters of fixed length, the computational complexity is reduced and the communication efficiency is improved while improving the security of the system. In addition, we design an aggregation proof protocol that integrates aggregation algorithms and smart contracts to improve the efficiency of data query and verification and ensure the consistency and integrity of spatio-temporal big data storage. Finally, simulation experiments verify the correctness and security of the proposed protocol, providing a solid foundation for the blockchain-based spatio-temporal big data storage system.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The equality of healthcare services has been a focus among researchers and policymakers. The maximal accessibility equality (MAE) model is a widely used location-allocation model for the optimization of the accessibility equality of facilities. However, it might produce biased results due to the overlooking of multiple transport mode options for urban residents. This study develops a maximal multimodal accessibility equality (MMAE) model by incorporating the multimodal two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) accessibility model. It reflects the multimodal context in cities and aims to maximize the equality of multimodal accessibility. A case study of healthcare facilities in Shenzhen demonstrates that the proposed MMAE model can significantly improve the equality of multimodal accessibility. However, the traditional single-modal MAE model generates unequal multimodal accessibility, which might yield biased planning recommendations in multimodal contexts. The findings highlight the superiority of the MMAE model against the traditional single-modal MAE model in terms of pursuing equal accessibility for all residents. The MMAE model can serve as a scientific tool to support the rational planning of healthcare facilities or other types of public facilities in multimodal contexts.
医疗服务的平等性一直是研究人员和政策制定者关注的焦点。最大可达性平等（MAE）模型是一种广泛使用的位置分配模型，用于优化设施的可达性平等。然而，由于忽略了城市居民的多种交通方式选择，该模型可能会产生有偏差的结果。本研究结合多式联运两步浮动集水区（2SFCA）可达性模型，建立了最大多式联运可达性平等（MMAE）模型。该模型反映了城市的多式联运背景，旨在最大限度地实现多式联运无障碍。对深圳医疗设施的案例研究表明，所提出的 MMAE 模型能够显著改善多式联运可达性的平等性。然而，传统的单模式 MAE 模型会产生不平等的多模式可达性，在多模式环境下可能会产生有偏差的规划建议。研究结果凸显了 MMAE 模型与传统的单一模式 MAE 模型相比，在追求所有居民的平等可达性方面的优越性。MMAE 模型可以作为一种科学工具，支持在多模式环境下合理规划医疗设施或其他类型的公共设施。
{"title":"A Maximal Multimodal Accessibility Equality Model to Optimize the Equality of Healthcare Services","authors":"Zhuolin Tao, Qianyu Zhong, Yinuo Dang","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080278","url":null,"abstract":"The equality of healthcare services has been a focus among researchers and policymakers. The maximal accessibility equality (MAE) model is a widely used location-allocation model for the optimization of the accessibility equality of facilities. However, it might produce biased results due to the overlooking of multiple transport mode options for urban residents. This study develops a maximal multimodal accessibility equality (MMAE) model by incorporating the multimodal two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) accessibility model. It reflects the multimodal context in cities and aims to maximize the equality of multimodal accessibility. A case study of healthcare facilities in Shenzhen demonstrates that the proposed MMAE model can significantly improve the equality of multimodal accessibility. However, the traditional single-modal MAE model generates unequal multimodal accessibility, which might yield biased planning recommendations in multimodal contexts. The findings highlight the superiority of the MMAE model against the traditional single-modal MAE model in terms of pursuing equal accessibility for all residents. The MMAE model can serve as a scientific tool to support the rational planning of healthcare facilities or other types of public facilities in multimodal contexts.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rong Chen, Shunmin Zhang, Xiaoyuan Huang, Xiang Li, Jiansong Peng
Rapid urbanization leads to fragmentation and reduced connectivity of urban landscapes, endangering regional biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Constructing a red, green, and blue spatial ecological network is an effective way to alleviate ecological pressure and promote economic development. Using circuit theory, hydrological analysis, and suitability analysis, this study constructs a composite ecological network under urban–rural integration. The results show the following: (1) A total of 22 ecological corridors with a length of 349.20 km, 22 ecological pinch points, and 22 ecological barrier points are identified in the municipal area, mainly distributed in Haidong Town. There are 504 stormwater corridors, which are more evenly distributed, 502 riverfront landscape corridors, and 130 slow-moving landscape corridors. (2) A total of 20 ecological corridors, with a length of 99.23 km, 19 ecological pinch points, and 25 barrier points were identified in the main urban area, and most of them are located in the ecological corridors. There are 71 stormwater corridors, mainly located in the northwestern forest area, 71 riverfront recreation corridors, and 50 slow-moving recreation corridors. (3) Two scales of superimposed ecological source area of 3.65 km2, and eleven ecological corridors, are primarily distributed between Erhai Lake and Xiaguan Town. There are two superimposed stormwater corridors and fourteen recreational corridors. The eco-nodes are mostly distributed in the east and south of Dali City; wetland nodes are mainly situated in the eighteen streams of Cangshan Mountain; and landscape nodes are more balanced in spatial distribution. The study results can provide a reference for composite ecological network construction.
{"title":"Ecological Network Construction Based on Red, Green and Blue Space: A Case Study of Dali City, China","authors":"Rong Chen, Shunmin Zhang, Xiaoyuan Huang, Xiang Li, Jiansong Peng","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080279","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization leads to fragmentation and reduced connectivity of urban landscapes, endangering regional biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Constructing a red, green, and blue spatial ecological network is an effective way to alleviate ecological pressure and promote economic development. Using circuit theory, hydrological analysis, and suitability analysis, this study constructs a composite ecological network under urban–rural integration. The results show the following: (1) A total of 22 ecological corridors with a length of 349.20 km, 22 ecological pinch points, and 22 ecological barrier points are identified in the municipal area, mainly distributed in Haidong Town. There are 504 stormwater corridors, which are more evenly distributed, 502 riverfront landscape corridors, and 130 slow-moving landscape corridors. (2) A total of 20 ecological corridors, with a length of 99.23 km, 19 ecological pinch points, and 25 barrier points were identified in the main urban area, and most of them are located in the ecological corridors. There are 71 stormwater corridors, mainly located in the northwestern forest area, 71 riverfront recreation corridors, and 50 slow-moving recreation corridors. (3) Two scales of superimposed ecological source area of 3.65 km2, and eleven ecological corridors, are primarily distributed between Erhai Lake and Xiaguan Town. There are two superimposed stormwater corridors and fourteen recreational corridors. The eco-nodes are mostly distributed in the east and south of Dali City; wetland nodes are mainly situated in the eighteen streams of Cangshan Mountain; and landscape nodes are more balanced in spatial distribution. The study results can provide a reference for composite ecological network construction.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amid urban expansion, historic districts face challenges such as declining vitality and deteriorating spatial quality. Using the streets of Xi’an’s historical and cultural district as examples, this research utilizes multisource data, including points of interest (POIs), street view images, and Baidu heatmaps, alongside analytical techniques such as machine learning. This study explores the determinants of street vitality from the dual perspectives of its external manifestation and spatial carriers. A quantitative framework for measuring street vitality in historic districts is established, thoroughly examining the driving factors behind street vitality. Additionally, the relationship between built environment indicators and street vitality is elucidated through statistical analysis methods. The findings reveal significant, time-varying influences of these spatial carriers on human vitality, with distinct spatial distribution patterns of human activity across different times, and the significance of the influence of external representations of human vitality and various types of spatial carriers varies over time. Based on these insights, this paper proposes strategies for enhancing the vitality of historic streets, aiming to rejuvenate and sustain the diverse and dynamic energy of these districts. It provides a foundation for revitalizing the vigor of cultural heritage zones and offers strategies applicable to similar urban contexts.
{"title":"Influencing Factors of Street Vitality in Historic Districts Based on Multisource Data: Evidence from China","authors":"Bing Yu, Jing Sun, Zhaoxing Wang, Sanfeng Jin","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080277","url":null,"abstract":"Amid urban expansion, historic districts face challenges such as declining vitality and deteriorating spatial quality. Using the streets of Xi’an’s historical and cultural district as examples, this research utilizes multisource data, including points of interest (POIs), street view images, and Baidu heatmaps, alongside analytical techniques such as machine learning. This study explores the determinants of street vitality from the dual perspectives of its external manifestation and spatial carriers. A quantitative framework for measuring street vitality in historic districts is established, thoroughly examining the driving factors behind street vitality. Additionally, the relationship between built environment indicators and street vitality is elucidated through statistical analysis methods. The findings reveal significant, time-varying influences of these spatial carriers on human vitality, with distinct spatial distribution patterns of human activity across different times, and the significance of the influence of external representations of human vitality and various types of spatial carriers varies over time. Based on these insights, this paper proposes strategies for enhancing the vitality of historic streets, aiming to rejuvenate and sustain the diverse and dynamic energy of these districts. It provides a foundation for revitalizing the vigor of cultural heritage zones and offers strategies applicable to similar urban contexts.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raster data represent one of the fundamental data formats utilized in GIS. As the technology used to observe the Earth continues to evolve, the spatial and temporal resolution of raster data is becoming increasingly refined, while the data scale is expanding. One of the key issues in the development of GIS technology is to determine how to make large-scale raster data better to provide computation, visualization, and analysis services in the Internet environment. This paper proposes a decentralized COG-pyramid-based map service method (DCPMS). In comparison to traditional raster data online service technology, such as GIS servers and static tiles, DCPMS employs virtual mapping to reduce data storage costs and combines tile technology with a cloud-native storage scheme to enhance the concurrency of supportable requests. Furthermore, the band calculation process is shifted to the client, thereby effectively resolving the issue of efficient customized band calculation and data rendering in the context of a large-scale raster data online service. The results indicate DCPMS delivers commendable performance. Its decentralized architecture significantly enhances performance in high concurrency scenarios. With a thousand concurrent requests, the response time of DCPMS is reduced by 74% compared to the GIS server. Moreover, this service exhibits considerable strengths in data preprocessing and storage, suggesting a novel pathway for future technical improvement of large-scale raster data map services.
{"title":"DCPMS: A Large-Scale Raster Layer Serving Method for Custom Online Calculation and Rendering","authors":"Anbang Yang, Feng Zhang, Jie Feng, Luoqi Wang, Enjiang Yue, Xinhua Fan, Jingyi Zhang, Linshu Hu, Sensen Wu","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080276","url":null,"abstract":"Raster data represent one of the fundamental data formats utilized in GIS. As the technology used to observe the Earth continues to evolve, the spatial and temporal resolution of raster data is becoming increasingly refined, while the data scale is expanding. One of the key issues in the development of GIS technology is to determine how to make large-scale raster data better to provide computation, visualization, and analysis services in the Internet environment. This paper proposes a decentralized COG-pyramid-based map service method (DCPMS). In comparison to traditional raster data online service technology, such as GIS servers and static tiles, DCPMS employs virtual mapping to reduce data storage costs and combines tile technology with a cloud-native storage scheme to enhance the concurrency of supportable requests. Furthermore, the band calculation process is shifted to the client, thereby effectively resolving the issue of efficient customized band calculation and data rendering in the context of a large-scale raster data online service. The results indicate DCPMS delivers commendable performance. Its decentralized architecture significantly enhances performance in high concurrency scenarios. With a thousand concurrent requests, the response time of DCPMS is reduced by 74% compared to the GIS server. Moreover, this service exhibits considerable strengths in data preprocessing and storage, suggesting a novel pathway for future technical improvement of large-scale raster data map services.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of a blockchain-supported serverless computing framework enhances the performance of computational and analytical operations and the provision of services within internet-based data centers, rather than depending on independent desktop computers. Therefore, in the present research paper, a blockchain-assisted serverless framework for geospatial data visualizations is implemented. The proposed BS-GeoEduNet 1.0 framework leverages the capabilities of AWS Lambda for serverless computing, providing a reliable and efficient solution for data storage, analysis, and distribution. The proposed framework incorporates AES encryption, decryption layers, and queue implementation to achieve a scalable approach for handling larger files. It implements a queueing mechanism during the heavier input/output processes of file processing by using Apache KAFKA, enabling the system to handle large volumes of data efficiently. It concludes with the visualization of all geospatial-enabled NIT/IIT details on the proposed framework, which utilizes the data fetched from MongoDB. The experimental findings validate the reliability and efficiency of the proposed system, demonstrating its efficacy in geospatial data storage and processing.
{"title":"BS-GeoEduNet 1.0: Blockchain-Assisted Serverless Framework for Geospatial Educational Information Networks","authors":"Meenakshi Kandpal, Veena Goswami, Yash Pritwani, Rabindra K. Barik, Manob Jyoti Saikia","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080274","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of a blockchain-supported serverless computing framework enhances the performance of computational and analytical operations and the provision of services within internet-based data centers, rather than depending on independent desktop computers. Therefore, in the present research paper, a blockchain-assisted serverless framework for geospatial data visualizations is implemented. The proposed BS-GeoEduNet 1.0 framework leverages the capabilities of AWS Lambda for serverless computing, providing a reliable and efficient solution for data storage, analysis, and distribution. The proposed framework incorporates AES encryption, decryption layers, and queue implementation to achieve a scalable approach for handling larger files. It implements a queueing mechanism during the heavier input/output processes of file processing by using Apache KAFKA, enabling the system to handle large volumes of data efficiently. It concludes with the visualization of all geospatial-enabled NIT/IIT details on the proposed framework, which utilizes the data fetched from MongoDB. The experimental findings validate the reliability and efficiency of the proposed system, demonstrating its efficacy in geospatial data storage and processing.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Tejero-Beteta, Amparo Moyano, Santos Sánchez-Cambronero
Demand-responsive transport (DRT) could be an alternative for extending the accessibility of high-speed rail (HSR) servicing cities in rural environments, where fixed public transport does not provide efficient services. This paper proposes a method to analyse the factors that influence the implementation of DRT systems for inter-urban mobility, connecting and integrating towns in rural areas. Methodologically, a vehicle routing problem analysis in a GIS-based environment is applied to a theoretical case study to evaluate the factors that influence DRT efficiency in different scenarios, considering the specific singularities of this kind of inter-urban long-distance mobility. The results suggest the optimal DRT solutions in these rural contexts to be those that, after adjusting the fleet to specific demands, use low-capacity vehicles, which are much better adapted to the geography of sparsely populated areas. Moreover, in adapting DRT systems to HSR travellers’ needs, windows catering to these needs should incorporate the option of setting the pickup or arrival times. This paper demonstrates that DRT systems could reach significant levels of service in rural areas compared with fixed lines and even private vehicles, especially when evaluating key aspects of the system’s efficiency for its implementation.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Demand-Responsive Transport Services in Rural Areas: A GIS-Based Method for Optimising and Evaluating Potential Services","authors":"Carlos Tejero-Beteta, Amparo Moyano, Santos Sánchez-Cambronero","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080275","url":null,"abstract":"Demand-responsive transport (DRT) could be an alternative for extending the accessibility of high-speed rail (HSR) servicing cities in rural environments, where fixed public transport does not provide efficient services. This paper proposes a method to analyse the factors that influence the implementation of DRT systems for inter-urban mobility, connecting and integrating towns in rural areas. Methodologically, a vehicle routing problem analysis in a GIS-based environment is applied to a theoretical case study to evaluate the factors that influence DRT efficiency in different scenarios, considering the specific singularities of this kind of inter-urban long-distance mobility. The results suggest the optimal DRT solutions in these rural contexts to be those that, after adjusting the fleet to specific demands, use low-capacity vehicles, which are much better adapted to the geography of sparsely populated areas. Moreover, in adapting DRT systems to HSR travellers’ needs, windows catering to these needs should incorporate the option of setting the pickup or arrival times. This paper demonstrates that DRT systems could reach significant levels of service in rural areas compared with fixed lines and even private vehicles, especially when evaluating key aspects of the system’s efficiency for its implementation.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the dynamics of innovation element flows among metropolitan areas and examines the underlying proximity mechanisms that are crucial for elevating urban agglomerations’ innovation levels and spurring their development. Utilizing collaborative publication and patent data, this research constructs knowledge and technological innovation networks within the Nanjing metropolitan area (NMA) from 2013 to 2020. It analyzes the evolution of network structures and applies the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to discern the proximity mechanisms driving the urban innovation networks’ evolution in NMA. The main findings are as follows: (1) The knowledge collaborations within NMA cities remain largely confined to cities within Jiangsu province, whereas the technological collaborations are shifting from intra-province to cross-province cooperation. (2) Both knowledge and technological innovation networks display a “core-periphery” configuration, with Nanjing maintaining a dominant central position. The scale of the KIN surpasses that of the TIN, while the latter’s growth rate outpaces the former’s. Technological collaborations demonstrate more pronounced spillover effects than their knowledge counterparts. (3) At the metropolitan area level, organizational, social, cognitive, and technological proximities exert varying degrees of influence on innovation cooperation among different innovation entities across various years. Cognitive proximity exhibits the most substantial explanatory power. Based on these findings, the study proposes relevant policy recommendations for constructing an innovative NMA and promoting collaborative innovation development among cities within the NMA.
{"title":"The Influence of Proximity on the Evolution of Urban Innovation Networks in Nanjing Metropolitan Area, China: A Comparative Analysis of Knowledge and Technological Innovations","authors":"Yu Shi, Wei Zhai, Yiran Yan, Xingping Wang","doi":"10.3390/ijgi13080273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080273","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the dynamics of innovation element flows among metropolitan areas and examines the underlying proximity mechanisms that are crucial for elevating urban agglomerations’ innovation levels and spurring their development. Utilizing collaborative publication and patent data, this research constructs knowledge and technological innovation networks within the Nanjing metropolitan area (NMA) from 2013 to 2020. It analyzes the evolution of network structures and applies the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to discern the proximity mechanisms driving the urban innovation networks’ evolution in NMA. The main findings are as follows: (1) The knowledge collaborations within NMA cities remain largely confined to cities within Jiangsu province, whereas the technological collaborations are shifting from intra-province to cross-province cooperation. (2) Both knowledge and technological innovation networks display a “core-periphery” configuration, with Nanjing maintaining a dominant central position. The scale of the KIN surpasses that of the TIN, while the latter’s growth rate outpaces the former’s. Technological collaborations demonstrate more pronounced spillover effects than their knowledge counterparts. (3) At the metropolitan area level, organizational, social, cognitive, and technological proximities exert varying degrees of influence on innovation cooperation among different innovation entities across various years. Cognitive proximity exhibits the most substantial explanatory power. Based on these findings, the study proposes relevant policy recommendations for constructing an innovative NMA and promoting collaborative innovation development among cities within the NMA.","PeriodicalId":48738,"journal":{"name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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