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Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of hypo- and hyper-prolactinemia on spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats. 低泌乳素血症和高泌乳素血症对雄性大鼠精子发生和生育能力影响的分子机制。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02471-7
Sanketa Raut, Kushaan Khambata, Dipty Singh, Nafisa Huseni Balasinor

Purpose: Hypo- and hyper-prolactinemia have deleterious effects on male reproduction, yet there is a dearth of information regarding the underlying mechanisms. The aim of this study was to delineate the molecular mechanisms by which hypo- and hyper-prolactinemia affects spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats.

Methods: In vivo male rat models for hypo- and hyper-prolactinemia were established using dopamine receptor agonist, Bromocriptine (Brm), and antagonist, Fluphenazine (Flu), respectively. Effects on fertility and spermatogenesis were assessed by studying pre- and post-implantation loss, litter size, sperm parameters, hormonal profile, testicular histology, testicular cell population, and testicular transcriptome in rats.

Results: Treatment with Brm and Flu for 60 days led to subfertility, which was indicated by an increase in pre- and post-implantation loss and decrease in litter size, when mated with control female rats. Decreased sperm count was observed after both treatments, whereas reduced sperm motility was noted in Flu group. Serum FSH was unaffected, and LH was decreased by Flu treatment. Testosterone was decreased in both the groups, whereas estradiol was decreased in the Flu group. An arrest in spermatogenic cycle beyond round spermatids was observed in the Flu group. Additionally, testicular apoptosis in germ cells, mostly spermatocytes of Stage IX-XIV was noted in both the groups. Further, testicular RNA-Seq analysis revealed a total of 1539 and 824 differentially expressed genes/DEGs in Brm and Flu, respectively (Sequence Read Archive/SRA Database accession number: PRJNA1150513). Gene ontology and pathway analysis of DEGs highlighted enrichment of steroid metabolic pathway and ribosomal biogenesis pathway. Hub genes identified from the DEGs were validated by qPCR and the results showed that Uba52, Rps27a, Rpl23, Rps5, Rps16 were significantly down-regulated by Brm, whereas Rps27a, Rps29, Rps15, Rps27, Faul1 were significantly down-regulated by Flu.

Conclusion: Hypo- and hyper-prolactinemia leads to subfertility and decreased sperm parameters possibly through an effect on steroid metabolism and ribosomal biogenesis pathway. Therefore, maintaining prolactin levels in physiological range is crucial.

目的:低泌乳素血症和高泌乳素血症会对雄性生殖产生有害影响,但有关其潜在机制的信息却十分匮乏。本研究旨在阐明低泌乳素血症和高泌乳素血症影响雄性大鼠精子发生和生育能力的分子机制:方法:分别使用多巴胺受体激动剂溴隐亭(Brm)和拮抗剂氟奋乃静(Flu)建立雄性大鼠体内低泌乳素血症和高泌乳素血症模型。通过研究大鼠植入前后的损失、胎仔数、精子参数、激素谱、睾丸组织学、睾丸细胞群和睾丸转录组,评估了对生育能力和精子发生的影响:结果:与对照组雌性大鼠交配时,使用Brm和Flu治疗60天会导致亚不育,表现为受精前和受精后损失增加以及产仔数减少。两种处理后都观察到精子数量减少,而 Flu 组精子活力降低。血清 FSH 不受影响,而 LH 则因 Flu 处理而降低。两组睾酮均下降,而流感组雌二醇下降。观察到流感组的生精周期停滞在圆形精子之后。此外,两组患者的睾丸都出现了生精细胞凋亡,主要是第九至第十四阶段的精母细胞。此外,睾丸 RNA-Seq 分析显示,Brm 组和 Flu 组分别共有 1539 和 824 个差异表达基因/DEG(序列读取档案/SRA 数据库登录号:PRJNA1150513)。对 DEGs 的基因本体和通路分析显示,类固醇代谢通路和核糖体生物发生通路富集。通过 qPCR 验证了从 DEGs 中识别出的枢纽基因,结果显示,Uba52、Rps27a、Rpl23、Rps5、Rps16 被 Brm 显著下调,而 Rps27a、Rps29、Rps15、Rps27、Faul1 则被 Flu 显著下调:低泌乳素血症和高泌乳素血症可能通过影响类固醇代谢和核糖体生物发生途径导致不育和精子参数下降。因此,将催乳素水平维持在生理范围内至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerated biological aging, mediating amino acids, and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. 加速生物衰老、中介氨基酸与 2 型糖尿病发病风险:一项前瞻性队列研究。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02436-w
Ziteng Zhang, Junxue Wang, Bowei Yu, Ying Sun, Yi Chen, Yingli Lu, Ningjian Wang, Fangzhen Xia

Purpose: Aging plays an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). But the association between accelerated biological age and T2DM, and the mechanisms underlying this association remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the associations of biological aging with T2DM, and explore the potential mediation effect of amino acids.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 95,773 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes at baseline. Biological age was measured from clinical traits using PhenoAgeAccel. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ritios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and mediation analysis was used to explore the mediation effect of amino acids.

Results: During a median follow-up of 14.02 years, 6,347 incident T2DM cases were recorded. After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other risk factors of T2DM, participants with older biological age were at increased risk of incident T2DM (30% increase per standard deviation of PhenoAgeAccel, 95% CI: 28.0-33.0%). Additionally, higher branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) including isoleucine and leucine, aromatic amino acids (AAAs) including phenylalanine and tyrosine, were associated with increased PhenoAgeAccel and risk of incident T2DM; while glutamine and glycine were inversely associated. Alanine, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine, and total concentration of branched-chain amnio acids could partially explain the associations between PhenoAgeAccel and T2DM.

Conclusion: Accelerated biological aging was associated with increased risk of incident T2DM independent of chronological age and may be a risk factor of T2DM, partially mediated by several amino acids.

目的:衰老在 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)中扮演着重要角色。但生物年龄加速与 T2DM 之间的关联及其机制仍不清楚。因此,本研究旨在探讨生物衰老与 T2DM 的关联,并探索氨基酸的潜在调节作用:这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了英国生物库中 95773 名基线时未患糖尿病的参与者。使用 PhenoAgeAccel 根据临床特征测量生物年龄。研究采用 Cox 比例危险模型估算危险系数(HRs)和 95% 置信区间(CIs),并采用中介分析探讨氨基酸的中介效应:在14.02年的中位随访期间,共记录了6347例T2DM病例。在对社会人口学特征、生活方式因素和其他 T2DM 风险因素进行多变量调整后,生物年龄越大的参与者发生 T2DM 的风险越高(PhenoAgeAccel 每标准差增加 30%,95% CI:28.0-33.0%)。此外,较高的支链氨基酸(BCAA),包括异亮氨酸和亮氨酸,芳香族氨基酸(AAA),包括苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸,与 PhenoAgeAccel 和 T2DM 发生风险的增加有关;而谷氨酰胺和甘氨酸则与之呈反比关系。丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和支链氨基酸的总浓度可部分解释 PhenoAgeAccel 与 T2DM 之间的关联:结论:生物老化加速与 T2DM 发病风险增加有关,与实际年龄无关,并且可能是 T2DM 的一个风险因素,部分由几种氨基酸介导。
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引用次数: 0
Spliceosome component TCERG1 regulates the aggressiveness of somatotroph adenoma. 剪接体成分TCERG1调节体细胞腺瘤的侵袭性
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02447-7
Kyungwon Kim, Hye Ju Shin, Sang-Cheol Park, Youngsook Kim, Min-Ho Lee, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Chan Woo Kang, Cheol Ryong Ku

Purpose: We aimed to identify differentially expressed spliceosome components in growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors and investigate their roles in pathogenesis.

Methods: We performed transcriptome analysis of 20 somatotroph adenomas and 6 normal pituitary tissues to select dysregulated spliceosome components. Clinical characteristics were analyzed based on gene expression in 64 patients with acromegaly. Proliferation, invasion, and hormonal activity of GH secreting pituitary adenoma cells were investigated.

Results: TCERG1 expression was significantly higher in somatotroph adenomas than in normal pituitaries (log2 fold change 0.59, adjusted P = 0.0002*). Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that patients with higher TCERG1 expression had lower surgical remission rates than those with lower expression (63.64% vs. 95.45%, P = 0.009*). TCERG1 expression was significantly higher in groups with cavernous sinus (CS) invasion or Ki67 index over 3 (all P>0.05*). TCERG1 overexpression led to a 29.60% increase in proliferation (P<0.001*) and a 249.47% increase in invasion after 48 h in GH3 cells (P = 0.026*). Conversely, TCERG1 silencing significantly decreased cell proliferation (25.76% at 72 h, P<0.001*) and invasion (96.87% at 48 h, P = 0.029*). E-cadherin was decreased, but vimentin was increased in both TCERG1 overexpressed GH3 cells and somatotroph adenomas. And TCERG1 silence reversed the expression of the genes (CDH2, SNAI1, ZEB2, and VIM) in GH3 cells.

Conclusions: Spliceosome machinery provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of GH-secreting pituitary tumor and highlight the potential role of TCERG1 as a biomarker for tumor aggressiveness.

目的:我们旨在鉴定分泌生长激素(GH)的垂体瘤中不同表达的剪接体成分,并研究它们在发病机制中的作用:方法:我们对20个嗜体细胞腺瘤和6个正常垂体组织进行了转录组分析,筛选出表达失调的剪接体成分。根据64例肢端肥大症患者的基因表达情况分析了他们的临床特征。研究了分泌GH的垂体腺瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和激素活性:结果:TCERG1在嗜体细胞腺瘤中的表达明显高于正常垂体(log2折合0.59,调整后P = 0.0002*)。基因型-表型分析显示,TCERG1表达较高的患者手术缓解率低于表达较低的患者(63.64% vs. 95.45%,P = 0.009*)。在有海绵窦(CS)侵犯或Ki67指数超过3的组中,TCERG1的表达量明显更高(均为P>0.05*)。TCERG1 过表达导致 GH3 细胞在 48 小时后增殖增加 29.60%(P*),侵袭增加 249.47%(P = 0.026*)。相反,TCERG1 沉默会显著减少细胞增殖(72 小时后减少 25.76%,P*)和侵袭(48 小时后减少 96.87%,P = 0.029*)。在TCERG1过表达的GH3细胞和体细胞腺瘤中,E-cadherin减少,但波形蛋白增加。TCERG1沉默会逆转GH3细胞中CDH2、SNAI1、ZEB2和VIM基因的表达:剪接体机制为GH分泌型垂体瘤的发病机制提供了新的见解,并突出了TCERG1作为肿瘤侵袭性生物标志物的潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
FT4 is a novel indicator for risk assessment of severe hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy. FT4 是评估甲状旁腺切除术后严重低钙血症风险的新指标。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02460-w
Xiao Liu, Weiqian Li, Chuancheng Huang, Zongyu Li

Objective: To analyze the risk factors associated with the development of severe hypocalcemia (SH) in patients who have undergone parathyroidectomy (PTX).

Methods: This research involved patients with chronic kidney disease-secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent PTX between June 1, 2021, and May 31, 2023. SH was characterized by a serum total calcium (tCa) level below 1.8 mmol/L. This study aimed to analyze differences in preoperative laboratory findings and clinical manifestations between patients with and without SH. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors associated with the development of SH.

Results: The incidence of SH was 23% (n = 176). Significant differences were observed in free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine, alanine aminotransferase, osteocalcin, tCa, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, and parathyroid hormone between the SH and non-SH groups. The three independent risk factors for SH were tCa [odds ratio (OR) 0.063, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.006-0.663], ALP (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005), and FT4 (OR 0.439, 95%CI 0.310-0.621). The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of this model were 0.904 (95% CI 0.856-0.952), 46.3%(95% CI 32.0%-61.3%), 94.8% (95% CI 89.7%-97.5%), and 83.5% (95% CI 77.3%-88.3%), respectively.

Conclusion: The preoperative level of FT4 plays a crucial role in predicting the risk of SH after PTX. The combined FT4-ALP-tCa model demonstrates the ability to predict SH risk, providing valuable insights for customizing calcium supplementation strategies and improving clinical decision-making.

目的分析甲状旁腺切除术(PTX)患者发生严重低钙血症(SH)的相关风险因素:本研究涉及2021年6月1日至2023年5月31日期间接受PTX手术的慢性肾脏病-继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者。SH的特征是血清总钙(tCa)水平低于1.8 mmol/L。本研究旨在分析有SH和无SH患者术前实验室检查结果和临床表现的差异。采用逻辑回归分析确定与 SH 发生相关的潜在风险因素:SH发生率为23%(n = 176)。在游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、骨钙素、tCa、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、I型胶原的C端交联端肽和甲状旁腺激素方面,SH组和非SH组之间存在显著差异。SH的三个独立风险因素分别是tCa[几率比(OR)0.063,95%置信区间(95% CI)0.006-0.663]、ALP(OR 1.003,95% CI 1.001-1.005)和FT4(OR 0.439,95%CI 0.310-0.621)。该模型的曲线下面积、灵敏度、特异性和总体准确性分别为 0.904(95% CI 0.856-0.952)、46.3%(95% CI 32.0%-61.3%)、94.8%(95% CI 89.7%-97.5%)和 83.5%(95% CI 77.3%-88.3%):术前FT4水平在预测PTX术后发生SH的风险中起着至关重要的作用。FT4-ALP-tCa联合模型显示了预测SH风险的能力,为定制补钙策略和改善临床决策提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"FT4 is a novel indicator for risk assessment of severe hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy.","authors":"Xiao Liu, Weiqian Li, Chuancheng Huang, Zongyu Li","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02460-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-024-02460-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the risk factors associated with the development of severe hypocalcemia (SH) in patients who have undergone parathyroidectomy (PTX).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research involved patients with chronic kidney disease-secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent PTX between June 1, 2021, and May 31, 2023. SH was characterized by a serum total calcium (tCa) level below 1.8 mmol/L. This study aimed to analyze differences in preoperative laboratory findings and clinical manifestations between patients with and without SH. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors associated with the development of SH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of SH was 23% (n = 176). Significant differences were observed in free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine, alanine aminotransferase, osteocalcin, tCa, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, and parathyroid hormone between the SH and non-SH groups. The three independent risk factors for SH were tCa [odds ratio (OR) 0.063, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.006-0.663], ALP (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005), and FT4 (OR 0.439, 95%CI 0.310-0.621). The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of this model were 0.904 (95% CI 0.856-0.952), 46.3%(95% CI 32.0%-61.3%), 94.8% (95% CI 89.7%-97.5%), and 83.5% (95% CI 77.3%-88.3%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preoperative level of FT4 plays a crucial role in predicting the risk of SH after PTX. The combined FT4-ALP-tCa model demonstrates the ability to predict SH risk, providing valuable insights for customizing calcium supplementation strategies and improving clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating the relationship between cognitive impairment and brain white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with prolactinoma. 利用扩散张量成像研究催乳素瘤患者认知障碍与脑白质束之间的关系。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02442-y
Mustafa Duru, Ahmet Numan Demir, Ahmet Oz, Osman Aykan Kargin, Ali Tarik Altunc, Oznur Demirel, Serdar Arslan, Osman Kizilkilic, Burc Cagri Poyraz, Pinar Kadioglu

Background: Cognitive impairment is known to occur in patients with prolactinoma, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate cognitive function in patients with prolactinoma and to investigate the basis of possible cognitive impairment in brain white matter changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods: 37 consecutive patients with prolactinoma and 37 healthy controls of similar age, sex, and education were enrolled in the study. Hormone levels were determined in all participants, comprehensive neuropsychological testing was performed, and DTI was used to reconstruct and evaluate white matter tracts.

Results: In patients with prolactinoma, short- and long-term visual and verbal memory, attention, concentration, and executive and language functions were impaired compared to the healthy group. When comparing the DTI results, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values were found in the patients' right uncinate fasciculus (R-UF), indicating neuronal damage. After applying the Bonferroni correction, the two groups had no significant difference in 42 tracts (p > 0.0012 for all). A positive correlation was found between poor FA scores on the R-UF and low scores on long-term memory, category and letter fluency tests. In addition, patients with hypoprolactinemia had the worst short-term memory scores, while normoprolactinemia had the best scores. Also, the poorer R-UF FA values were found in the patients with hypoprolactinemia and the highest in those with normoprolactinemia.

Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate reasons for cognitive dysfunction in patients with prolactinoma by DTI. No significant structural changes were found in brain tracts of patients with prolactinoma. Still, there may be a link between potential damage in the R-UF and cognitive dysfunction, and further research is needed. In addition, the results showed that the development of hypoprolactinemia is associated with cognitive dysfunction and emphasized that overtreatment should be avoided.

背景:已知催乳素瘤患者会出现认知障碍,但其潜在机制尚不清楚:已知泌乳素瘤患者会出现认知障碍,但其潜在机制尚不清楚:评估泌乳素瘤患者的认知功能,并利用弥散张量成像(DTI)研究脑白质变化可能导致认知障碍的基础。对所有参与者进行激素水平测定,进行全面的神经心理学测试,并使用 DTI 重建和评估白质束:结果:与健康组相比,催乳素瘤患者的短期和长期视觉和言语记忆、注意力、集中力、执行和语言功能均受损。在比较 DTI 结果时发现,患者右侧钩状束(R-UF)的分数各向异性(FA)值较低,表明神经元受损。经 Bonferroni 校正后,两组患者在 42 条神经束上无显著差异(所有神经束的 P > 0.0012)。研究发现,R-UF 的 FA 评分低与长期记忆、类别和字母流畅性测试的评分低之间存在正相关。此外,低泌乳素血症患者的短期记忆得分最差,而正常泌乳素血症患者的短期记忆得分最好。此外,低泌乳素血症患者的 R-UF FA 值较低,而正常泌乳素血症患者的 R-UF FA 值最高:本研究首次通过 DTI 研究了泌乳素瘤患者认知功能障碍的原因。泌乳素瘤患者的脑道结构未发现明显变化。不过,R-UF 的潜在损伤与认知功能障碍之间可能存在联系,需要进一步研究。此外,研究结果表明,低泌乳素血症的发生与认知功能障碍有关,并强调应避免过度治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Screening for endogenous hypercortisolism in patients with osteoporosis and fractures: why, when and how. 筛查骨质疏松症和骨折患者的内源性皮质醇增多症:为什么、何时以及如何筛查。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02450-y
Roberta Giordano, Mirko Parasiliti Caprino, Paola Loli, Andrea Giustina

Skeletal comorbidities are frequent and clinically relevant findings in Cushing's syndrome (CS) since an uncoupled suppressed bone formation and enhanced bone resorption leads to a marked skeletal damage with a rapid increase of fracture risk. Reduced Bone Mineral Density (BMD) has been consistently reported and osteopenia or osteoporosis are typical findings in patients with CS. Vertebral Fractures (VFs) are frequently reported and may occur even in patients with an only mild reduction of BMD. Since CS is diagnosed late due to often difficult biochemical and radiological confirmation as well as to signs and symptoms common in other much more frequent diseases an approach suggested for overcoming underdiagnosis is to screen patients with manifestations which may overlap with those of CS such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Our review will focus on the rationale and best practice for screening osteoporotic patients for CS.

骨骼合并症是库欣综合征(CS)中常见的临床相关疾病,因为骨形成受抑制和骨吸收增强的不耦合会导致明显的骨骼损伤,并迅速增加骨折风险。骨质密度(BMD)降低的报道屡见不鲜,骨质疏松症或骨质疏松症是库欣综合征患者的典型症状。椎体骨折(VFs)是常有报道的疾病,甚至可能发生在 BMD 仅轻度降低的患者身上。由于 CS 通常很难通过生化和放射学检查确诊,而且其症状和体征与其他更常见的疾病相似,因此诊断较晚,为克服诊断不足,建议对有可能与 CS 症状重叠表现的患者进行筛查,如动脉高血压、糖尿病和骨质疏松症。我们的综述将侧重于对骨质疏松症患者进行 CS 筛查的原理和最佳实践。
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引用次数: 0
The use of telecytology for the evaluation of thyroid nodules fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens: a systematic review. 使用远程细胞学技术评估甲状腺结节细针穿刺活检标本:系统性综述。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02378-3
V Oteri, S Piane, E Cocci

Purpose: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is currently the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules, but the growing need for anatomic pathology services in small communities is becoming a challenge. Telecytology (TC) is defined as the electronic transmission of cytological digital images, and allows for the collection of samples, primary diagnosis, and other applications without the physical presence of a pathologist. Our aim is to systematically report, summarize, and critically analyze the most up to date applications of TC to thyroid nodules FNAB evaluation.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature review by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Only studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were included. Data were extracted using the PICO framework and critically analyzed. PRISMA guidelines were applied, and the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tools. The methodological quality was assessed following GRADE criteria.

Results: We included 13 observational studies, resulting in a total of 3856 evaluated FNAB specimens. The majority of studies (63.6%) showed an excellent concordance rate of diagnosis via TC and conventional cytology. TC can be used to perform preliminary assessment of samples with a concordance rate ranging from 74 and 100%, showing a significant reduction of the non-diagnostic rate. Image quality was referred to as perfect or nearly perfect in most cases, regardless of telecytology technique.

Conclusion: Telecytology could be a valuable implementation for thyroid FNAB evaluation both for primary diagnosis and preliminary assessment of samples.

目的:细针穿刺活检(FNAB)是目前诊断和治疗甲状腺结节的黄金标准:细针穿刺活检(FNAB)是目前诊断和治疗甲状腺结节的黄金标准,但小社区对解剖病理学服务的需求日益增长,这已成为一项挑战。远程细胞学(TC)被定义为细胞学数字图像的电子传输,可以在病理学家不在场的情况下进行样本采集、初步诊断和其他应用。我们的目的是系统地报告、总结和批判性分析远程细胞学在甲状腺结节 FNAB 评估中的最新应用:我们通过搜索 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane Library 数据库进行了系统的文献综述。仅收录发表在同行评审科学期刊上的研究。采用 PICO 框架提取数据并进行批判性分析。采用了 PRISMA 准则,并使用 ROBINS-I 工具评估了纳入研究的偏倚风险。方法学质量按照 GRADE 标准进行评估:我们纳入了 13 项观察性研究,共评估了 3856 份 FNAB 标本。大多数研究(63.6%)显示,TC 和传统细胞学诊断的吻合率非常高。TC可用于对样本进行初步评估,吻合率从74%到100%不等,显示非诊断率显著降低。无论采用哪种远程细胞学技术,大多数病例的图像质量都堪称完美或接近完美:结论:远程细胞学技术可在甲状腺 FNAB 评估中发挥重要作用,既可用于初步诊断,也可用于样本的初步评估。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of pituitary function and metabolic parameters in patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures. 评估颌面部外伤骨折患者的垂体功能和代谢参数。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02349-8
O O Daloglu, M C Unal, C A Kemaloglu, O F Bolatturk, I Ozyazgan, F Tanriverdi, A Coruh, F Kelestimur

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the pituitary functions of patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures and compare the results with healthy controls.

Methods: Thirty patients (mean age, 38.14 ± 14.15 years; twenty-six male, four female) with a traumatic maxillofacial fracture at least 12 months ago (mean 27.5 ± 6.5 months) and thirty healthy controls (mean age, 42.77 ± 11.36 years; twenty-five male, five female) were included. None of the patients were unconscious following head trauma, and none required hospitalization in intensive care. Basal pituitary hormone levels of the patients were evaluated. All patients and controls had a glucagon stimulation test and an ACTH stimulation test to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the GH-IGF-1 axis.

Results: Five of thirty patients (16.6%) had isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency based on a glucagon stimulation test (GST). The mean peak GH level after GST in patients with hypopituitarism (0.54 ng/ml) was significantly lower than those without hypopituitarism (7.01 ng/ml) and healthy controls (11.70 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). No anterior pituitary hormone deficiency was found in the patients, except for GH.

Conclusion: Our study is the first to evaluate the presence of hypopituitarism in patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures. Preliminary findings suggest that hypopituitarism and GH deficiency pose significant risks to these patients, particularly during the chronic phase of their trauma. However, these findings need to be validated in larger scale prospective studies with more patients.

目的:本研究旨在评估颌面部外伤性骨折患者的垂体功能,并将结果与健康对照组进行比较:研究对象包括 30 名至少 12 个月前(平均 27.5 ± 6.5 个月)颌面部外伤性骨折患者(平均年龄为 38.14 ± 14.15 岁;26 名男性,4 名女性)和 30 名健康对照者(平均年龄为 42.77 ± 11.36 岁;25 名男性,5 名女性)。没有一名患者在头部外伤后昏迷,也没有一名患者需要住院接受重症监护。对患者的垂体基础激素水平进行了评估。所有患者和对照组都进行了胰高血糖素刺激试验和促肾上腺皮质激素刺激试验,以评估下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和 GH-IGF-1 轴:根据胰高血糖素刺激试验(GST),30 名患者中有 5 人(16.6%)存在生长激素(GH)缺乏症。垂体功能减退症患者 GST 后的平均 GH 峰值水平(0.54 纳克/毫升)明显低于非垂体功能减退症患者(7.01 纳克/毫升)和健康对照组(11.70 纳克/毫升)(P 结论:我们的研究首次评估了垂体功能减退症患者的 GH 峰值水平:我们的研究首次评估了创伤性颌面部骨折患者是否存在垂体功能减退。初步研究结果表明,垂体功能减退症和 GH 缺乏症对这些患者构成重大风险,尤其是在创伤的慢性期。不过,这些研究结果还需要更多患者参与的更大规模的前瞻性研究来验证。
{"title":"Evaluation of pituitary function and metabolic parameters in patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures.","authors":"O O Daloglu, M C Unal, C A Kemaloglu, O F Bolatturk, I Ozyazgan, F Tanriverdi, A Coruh, F Kelestimur","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02349-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02349-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was designed to assess the pituitary functions of patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures and compare the results with healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty patients (mean age, 38.14 ± 14.15 years; twenty-six male, four female) with a traumatic maxillofacial fracture at least 12 months ago (mean 27.5 ± 6.5 months) and thirty healthy controls (mean age, 42.77 ± 11.36 years; twenty-five male, five female) were included. None of the patients were unconscious following head trauma, and none required hospitalization in intensive care. Basal pituitary hormone levels of the patients were evaluated. All patients and controls had a glucagon stimulation test and an ACTH stimulation test to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the GH-IGF-1 axis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five of thirty patients (16.6%) had isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency based on a glucagon stimulation test (GST). The mean peak GH level after GST in patients with hypopituitarism (0.54 ng/ml) was significantly lower than those without hypopituitarism (7.01 ng/ml) and healthy controls (11.70 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). No anterior pituitary hormone deficiency was found in the patients, except for GH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study is the first to evaluate the presence of hypopituitarism in patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures. Preliminary findings suggest that hypopituitarism and GH deficiency pose significant risks to these patients, particularly during the chronic phase of their trauma. However, these findings need to be validated in larger scale prospective studies with more patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2477-2485"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11392989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of diagnostic algorithm for Cushing's syndrome: a tertiary centre experience. 库欣综合征诊断算法的开发:一个三级中心的经验。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02354-x
A Efthymiadis, H Loo, B Shine, T James, B Keevil, J W Tomlinson, A Pal, R Pofi

Purpose: No consensus exists as the gold standard for Cushing's Syndrome (CS) screening. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and utility of late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) and cortisone (LNSE), overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ODST), and urinary free cortisol (UFC) in developing a screening algorithm for CS.

Methods: A retrospective, single-centre analysis on 93 adult patients referred to the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism for CS evaluation (2017-2022). Data were analysed using binomial logistic regression and area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC).

Results: Fifty-three patients were diagnosed with CS. LNSC (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 64.9%, AUC 0.76), LNSE (sensitivity 72.4%, specificity 85.7%, AUC 0.79), and ODST (sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 52.1%; AUC 0.74) demonstrated comparable effectiveness for CS diagnosis. Their combined application increased diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.91). UFC was not statistically significant. Pre-test clinical symptom inclusion improved screening test performance (AUC LNSC: 0.83; LNSE: 0.84; ODST: 0.82). For CD diagnosis, LNSE + LNSC (AUC 0.95) outperformed ODST. Combining these with ACTH levels < 12.6 pmol/L perfectly distinguished MACS (AUC 1.00). ODST (AUC 0.76) exhibited superior performance (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 52.2%) in MACS detection.

Conclusions: LNSC, LNSE, and ODST are robust tools for CS screening, with their combined use offering the highest diagnostic precision. LNSE, especially when used with LNSC, is highly effective for CD diagnosis, exceeding ODST accuracy. ODST is preferable for MACS identification. Integrating ACTH levels markedly improves differentiation between CD and MACS. Conversely, UFC shows limited diagnostic utility.

目的:库欣综合征(CS)筛查的金标准尚未达成共识。本研究旨在评估深夜唾液皮质醇(LNSC)和可的松(LNSE)、隔夜地塞米松抑制试验(ODST)和尿游离皮质醇(UFC)在制定 CS 筛查算法中的诊断准确性和实用性:对转诊至牛津糖尿病、内分泌学和新陈代谢中心进行CS评估的93名成年患者(2017-2022年)进行回顾性单中心分析。采用二项逻辑回归和接收者操作曲线下面积(AUROC)对数据进行分析:53名患者被诊断为CS。LNSC(灵敏度 87.5%,特异性 64.9%,AUC 0.76)、LNSE(灵敏度 72.4%,特异性 85.7%,AUC 0.79)和 ODST(灵敏度 94.7%,特异性 52.1%;AUC 0.74)对 CS 诊断的效果相当。它们的联合应用提高了诊断准确性(AUC 0.91)。UFC 在统计学上无显著意义。测试前纳入临床症状可提高筛查测试的性能(AUC LNSC:0.83;LNSE:0.84;ODST:0.82)。在 CD 诊断方面,LNSE + LNSC(AUC 0.95)优于 ODST。将这些指标与促肾上腺皮质激素水平相结合得出结论:LNSC、LNSE和ODST是CS筛查的有力工具,它们的联合使用可提供最高的诊断精确度。LNSE,尤其是与 LNSC 一起使用时,对 CD 诊断非常有效,准确性超过 ODST。ODST 更适用于 MACS 识别。整合促肾上腺皮质激素水平可显著提高 CD 和 MACS 的鉴别率。相反,UFC 的诊断作用有限。
{"title":"Development of diagnostic algorithm for Cushing's syndrome: a tertiary centre experience.","authors":"A Efthymiadis, H Loo, B Shine, T James, B Keevil, J W Tomlinson, A Pal, R Pofi","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02354-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02354-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>No consensus exists as the gold standard for Cushing's Syndrome (CS) screening. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and utility of late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) and cortisone (LNSE), overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ODST), and urinary free cortisol (UFC) in developing a screening algorithm for CS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, single-centre analysis on 93 adult patients referred to the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism for CS evaluation (2017-2022). Data were analysed using binomial logistic regression and area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-three patients were diagnosed with CS. LNSC (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 64.9%, AUC 0.76), LNSE (sensitivity 72.4%, specificity 85.7%, AUC 0.79), and ODST (sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 52.1%; AUC 0.74) demonstrated comparable effectiveness for CS diagnosis. Their combined application increased diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.91). UFC was not statistically significant. Pre-test clinical symptom inclusion improved screening test performance (AUC LNSC: 0.83; LNSE: 0.84; ODST: 0.82). For CD diagnosis, LNSE + LNSC (AUC 0.95) outperformed ODST. Combining these with ACTH levels < 12.6 pmol/L perfectly distinguished MACS (AUC 1.00). ODST (AUC 0.76) exhibited superior performance (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 52.2%) in MACS detection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LNSC, LNSE, and ODST are robust tools for CS screening, with their combined use offering the highest diagnostic precision. LNSE, especially when used with LNSC, is highly effective for CD diagnosis, exceeding ODST accuracy. ODST is preferable for MACS identification. Integrating ACTH levels markedly improves differentiation between CD and MACS. Conversely, UFC shows limited diagnostic utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2449-2459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11393038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Authorship of Italian medical literature on neuroendocrine neoplasms: any gender gap? 意大利神经内分泌肿瘤医学文献的作者:是否存在性别差距?
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02347-w
R E Rossi, A La Salvia, R Modica, F Spada

Purpose: While males have dominated the physician lines over the last decades the recent female doctors' number increasing might progressively reduce this gender gap. This might be not fully true in the academic/research area. We aimed to analyze the gender distribution of first/senior Italian authors on neuroendocrine neoplasm papers published on peer reviewed journals.

Methods: Publications from January 2019 to September 2023 were reviewed; only papers with first and/or senior Italian authors were included. First/senior author gender, type of article, co-authorship with foreign authors were the variable analyzed.

Results: 742 papers with Italian first and/or senior authors were retrieved, 449 (60.5%) multicentric, 285 (38.4%) original articles. A female author was first and senior author in 386/742 (52%) and in 228/742 (31%) papers, respectively. 150 (20.2%) papers included foreign coauthors, being an Italian female researcher first author in 50 papers (33%), senior author in 28 (18.6%). The number of Italian female first/senior authors has been increasing over the years (22 in 2019, 113 in 2022; 16 in 2019, 62 in 2022, respectively). The first/senior female authors were mainly Oncologists/Endocrinologists/Pathologists rather than Gastroenterologists/Nuclear Medicine doctors/Surgeons/Radiologists.

Conclusion: There has been an increase in the prevalence of female authorship of published research in the neuroendocrine setting over the last 5 years, which partially reflects the current distributions in this field, taking into account that several specialties with different gender distribution are involved. However, senior authorship continues to be primarily men. Efforts should be made to improve proportionate gender representation in both clinical and academic/research setting.

目的:过去几十年来,男性在医生队伍中一直占主导地位,而最近女医生人数的增加可能会逐步缩小这种性别差距。但在学术/研究领域,这种情况可能并不完全正确。我们旨在分析在同行评审期刊上发表的神经内分泌肿瘤论文的第一/资深意大利作者的性别分布情况:方法:对 2019 年 1 月至 2023 年 9 月期间发表的论文进行了审查;仅纳入了第一作者和/或资深意大利作者的论文。第一/资深作者的性别、文章类型、与外国作者的合著情况是分析的变量:结果:共检索到 742 篇第一作者和/或资深作者为意大利人的论文,其中 449 篇(60.5%)为多中心论文,285 篇(38.4%)为原创文章。386/742(52%)篇论文的第一作者和资深作者为女性,228/742(31%)篇论文的第一作者和资深作者为女性。有 150 篇(20.2%)论文的第一作者是意大利女性研究人员,其中有 50 篇(33%)论文的第一作者是意大利女性研究人员,有 28 篇(18.6%)论文的第一作者是意大利女性研究人员。意大利女性第一/资深作者的数量逐年增加(2019 年为 22 人,2022 年为 113 人;2019 年为 16 人,2022 年为 62 人)。第一/资深女作者主要是肿瘤学家/内分泌学家/病理学家,而不是胃肠病学家/核医学医生/外科医生/放射科医生:过去 5 年中,在神经内分泌领域发表的研究论文中,女性作者的比例有所上升,这部分反映了该领域目前的分布情况,同时考虑到该领域涉及多个性别分布不同的专科。不过,高级作者仍以男性为主。应努力改善临床和学术/研究领域的性别比例。
{"title":"Authorship of Italian medical literature on neuroendocrine neoplasms: any gender gap?","authors":"R E Rossi, A La Salvia, R Modica, F Spada","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02347-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02347-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While males have dominated the physician lines over the last decades the recent female doctors' number increasing might progressively reduce this gender gap. This might be not fully true in the academic/research area. We aimed to analyze the gender distribution of first/senior Italian authors on neuroendocrine neoplasm papers published on peer reviewed journals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publications from January 2019 to September 2023 were reviewed; only papers with first and/or senior Italian authors were included. First/senior author gender, type of article, co-authorship with foreign authors were the variable analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>742 papers with Italian first and/or senior authors were retrieved, 449 (60.5%) multicentric, 285 (38.4%) original articles. A female author was first and senior author in 386/742 (52%) and in 228/742 (31%) papers, respectively. 150 (20.2%) papers included foreign coauthors, being an Italian female researcher first author in 50 papers (33%), senior author in 28 (18.6%). The number of Italian female first/senior authors has been increasing over the years (22 in 2019, 113 in 2022; 16 in 2019, 62 in 2022, respectively). The first/senior female authors were mainly Oncologists/Endocrinologists/Pathologists rather than Gastroenterologists/Nuclear Medicine doctors/Surgeons/Radiologists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There has been an increase in the prevalence of female authorship of published research in the neuroendocrine setting over the last 5 years, which partially reflects the current distributions in this field, taking into account that several specialties with different gender distribution are involved. However, senior authorship continues to be primarily men. Efforts should be made to improve proportionate gender representation in both clinical and academic/research setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2587-2593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
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