Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1680/jphmg.2024.24.1.54
{"title":"Award-winning paper in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.2024.24.1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.2024.24.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1680/jphmg.2024.24.1.55
{"title":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics: Referees 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.2024.24.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.2024.24.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guobo Wang, Yao Wang, Jianning Wang, Zhengfang Dong
Currently, many subway stations are designed symmetrically and less attention has been paid to asymmetrical stations. The middle column of the asymmetric underground structure is offset to one side, which is not conducive to load-bearing in strong earthquakes and is prone to damage. In this study, shaking table tests of a soil-symmetrical station and a soil-asymmetrical station were designed and conducted. A numerical model of soil-structure interaction system was established, and the feasibility of the simulation method was verified. Then, the seismic responses of two kinds of stations were discussed and analyzed. The results show that the dynamic response of both symmetrical and asymmetrical stations increases with the increase of loading seismic intensity. Influenced by the size effect of the model test, there is less difference between the two models in their dynamic response. From the perspective of internal force and relative deformation, the response of asymmetrical station is greater than that of symmetrical station, which adequately reflects the disadvantage of asymmetrical structure in seismic design.
{"title":"Shaking table test on seismic responses of asymmetrical underground subway stations","authors":"Guobo Wang, Yao Wang, Jianning Wang, Zhengfang Dong","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.22.00071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.22.00071","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, many subway stations are designed symmetrically and less attention has been paid to asymmetrical stations. The middle column of the asymmetric underground structure is offset to one side, which is not conducive to load-bearing in strong earthquakes and is prone to damage. In this study, shaking table tests of a soil-symmetrical station and a soil-asymmetrical station were designed and conducted. A numerical model of soil-structure interaction system was established, and the feasibility of the simulation method was verified. Then, the seismic responses of two kinds of stations were discussed and analyzed. The results show that the dynamic response of both symmetrical and asymmetrical stations increases with the increase of loading seismic intensity. Influenced by the size effect of the model test, there is less difference between the two models in their dynamic response. From the perspective of internal force and relative deformation, the response of asymmetrical station is greater than that of symmetrical station, which adequately reflects the disadvantage of asymmetrical structure in seismic design.","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foundations in northern climates are founded in ground conditions that are certain to change due to climate warming. Piled foundations situated in permafrost are designed to resist loads by mobilizing shaft friction from adfreeze strength that is attributed to the ice-soil bonds in contact with the pile. Design considers ground warming causing thawing over time and normally specifies a thermal condition whereby mitigation measures, such as thermosyphons, are to be implemented. While pile design and analysis for completely frozen and thawed profiles are defined in terms of pile capacity, the intermediate condition, during transition from frozen to thawed, is not well examined. In this study centrifuge modelling is utilized to quantify the reduction in pile capacity and foundation stiffness under axial monotonic loading as initially frozen sand profiles warm and thaw depth increases. The results show agreement between the physical models and analysis methods for piles in fully frozen and thawed ground. A marked decrease in pile capacity occurs as ground temperatures approach freezing and thaw depth increases. The results are the first comprehensive physical model testing program aimed at quantifying pile performance in frozen and warming ground at field realistic stress conditions.
{"title":"Centrifuge modelling of axially loaded steel piles in cold and thawing frozen sand","authors":"Chris Clarkson, Geoff Eichhorn, Greg Siemens","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.22.00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.22.00062","url":null,"abstract":"Foundations in northern climates are founded in ground conditions that are certain to change due to climate warming. Piled foundations situated in permafrost are designed to resist loads by mobilizing shaft friction from adfreeze strength that is attributed to the ice-soil bonds in contact with the pile. Design considers ground warming causing thawing over time and normally specifies a thermal condition whereby mitigation measures, such as thermosyphons, are to be implemented. While pile design and analysis for completely frozen and thawed profiles are defined in terms of pile capacity, the intermediate condition, during transition from frozen to thawed, is not well examined. In this study centrifuge modelling is utilized to quantify the reduction in pile capacity and foundation stiffness under axial monotonic loading as initially frozen sand profiles warm and thaw depth increases. The results show agreement between the physical models and analysis methods for piles in fully frozen and thawed ground. A marked decrease in pile capacity occurs as ground temperatures approach freezing and thaw depth increases. The results are the first comprehensive physical model testing program aimed at quantifying pile performance in frozen and warming ground at field realistic stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Finned piles are considered a novel solution to replace large-diameter piles supporting transmission towers, bridge abutments and so on and are often implemented beneficially for mooring dolphins in offshore areas. This experimental investigation was attempted to examine the lateral response of short-finned piles installed in the proximity of a typical slope of 1V:2H. The 1g model testing of regular and finned piles at different load eccentricities comprised three lateral load tests on horizontal ground and 24 lateral load tests on the slope with the pile at varying distances from the crest. The fin efficiency was observed to decrease with an increase in load eccentricity due to the poorer mobilisation of soil resistance on fins at higher load eccentricities. The finned pile installed at a distance of two pile diameters away from the crest exhibited a net efficiency closer to unity, indicating its ability to improve the receptible subgrade reaction near a loose and steeper sandy slope. An in-depth study of soil resistance developed in the finned pile located at the crest reveals that the fins effectively reduced the soil resistance, specifically in the region above the pivot point.
{"title":"Behaviour of a laterally loaded short-finned pile located on sloping ground","authors":"K. T. Krishnanunni, Deendayal Rathod","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.23.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.23.00011","url":null,"abstract":"Finned piles are considered a novel solution to replace large-diameter piles supporting transmission towers, bridge abutments and so on and are often implemented beneficially for mooring dolphins in offshore areas. This experimental investigation was attempted to examine the lateral response of short-finned piles installed in the proximity of a typical slope of 1V:2H. The 1g model testing of regular and finned piles at different load eccentricities comprised three lateral load tests on horizontal ground and 24 lateral load tests on the slope with the pile at varying distances from the crest. The fin efficiency was observed to decrease with an increase in load eccentricity due to the poorer mobilisation of soil resistance on fins at higher load eccentricities. The finned pile installed at a distance of two pile diameters away from the crest exhibited a net efficiency closer to unity, indicating its ability to improve the receptible subgrade reaction near a loose and steeper sandy slope. An in-depth study of soil resistance developed in the finned pile located at the crest reveals that the fins effectively reduced the soil resistance, specifically in the region above the pivot point.","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonardo Maria Lalicata, Eric Ritchie, Sarah Elizabeth Stallebrass, Andrew McNamara
A novel experimental technology for small scale centrifuge tests on piled foundations has been investigated. The technology is suitable for bored piles where the pile shaft has been profiled to improve the bearing capacity. One such pile is an impression pile that has an enhanced shaft capacity due to the small impressions created along the shaft. In previous centrifuge testing, impression piles have been created by pouring resin into a profiled bore. However, in the technique to be described a novel pile made of 3D printed rigid plastic with a reverse mandrel mechanism is used to create a nodular shaft surface during installation in the clay sample. Once assembled the pile has the same geometry as the cast in situ impression pile. Compared to the resin piles, 3D printed plastic piles allow for faster model making and demonstrate excellent repeatability. Because of the ductile behaviour of the soil-plastic interface it is possible to see how the impressions improve the performance of a pile over the whole load-settlement curve, not just at ultimate capacity. In addition, a greater percentage increase in ultimate capacity was registered for the 3D printed plastic impression piles compared to similar resin impression piles. The plastic-soil interface has an α value which is closer to that commonly encountered in the field. At working load, the 3D printed plastic impression piles outperformed traditional straight shafted piles by 90%.
{"title":"A novel experimental technique to model impression piles in centrifuge testing","authors":"Leonardo Maria Lalicata, Eric Ritchie, Sarah Elizabeth Stallebrass, Andrew McNamara","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.22.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.22.00065","url":null,"abstract":"A novel experimental technology for small scale centrifuge tests on piled foundations has been investigated. The technology is suitable for bored piles where the pile shaft has been profiled to improve the bearing capacity. One such pile is an impression pile that has an enhanced shaft capacity due to the small impressions created along the shaft. In previous centrifuge testing, impression piles have been created by pouring resin into a profiled bore. However, in the technique to be described a novel pile made of 3D printed rigid plastic with a reverse mandrel mechanism is used to create a nodular shaft surface during installation in the clay sample. Once assembled the pile has the same geometry as the cast in situ impression pile. Compared to the resin piles, 3D printed plastic piles allow for faster model making and demonstrate excellent repeatability. Because of the ductile behaviour of the soil-plastic interface it is possible to see how the impressions improve the performance of a pile over the whole load-settlement curve, not just at ultimate capacity. In addition, a greater percentage increase in ultimate capacity was registered for the 3D printed plastic impression piles compared to similar resin impression piles. The plastic-soil interface has an α value which is closer to that commonly encountered in the field. At working load, the 3D printed plastic impression piles outperformed traditional straight shafted piles by 90%.","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliano A. Nietiedt, Mark F. Randolph, Christophe Gaudin, James P. Doherty
The offshore wind industry continues to expand rapidly around the world in response to demand for clean energy. Research to investigate monopile performance under cyclic lateral loading needs to replicate the installation process as well as the cyclic loading regimes. This has provided the impetus for the development of model pile driving hammers for use in geotechnical centrifuges. The paper presents a new model-scale centrifuge impact-hammer that is capable of in-flight driving of large diameter piles into dense sediments with the flexibility of varying energy during a test for a more controlled installation. The new hammer is activated by a pair of rotating cams, improving on the pneumatically activated hammer developed in the 1980s, giving greater energy and much better reliability. This paper provides full details of the hammer, together with data obtained at 80 g acceleration, driving prototype 4 m diameter (50 mm in model scale) piles into dense dry sand to depths of over 20 m (over 5 diameters) in less than 1000 blows
{"title":"Development of a high-energy centrifuge model pile hammer for impact-driving large diameter piles","authors":"Juliano A. Nietiedt, Mark F. Randolph, Christophe Gaudin, James P. Doherty","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.21.00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.21.00096","url":null,"abstract":"The offshore wind industry continues to expand rapidly around the world in response to demand for clean energy. Research to investigate monopile performance under cyclic lateral loading needs to replicate the installation process as well as the cyclic loading regimes. This has provided the impetus for the development of model pile driving hammers for use in geotechnical centrifuges. The paper presents a new model-scale centrifuge impact-hammer that is capable of in-flight driving of large diameter piles into dense sediments with the flexibility of varying energy during a test for a more controlled installation. The new hammer is activated by a pair of rotating cams, improving on the pneumatically activated hammer developed in the 1980s, giving greater energy and much better reliability. This paper provides full details of the hammer, together with data obtained at 80 g acceleration, driving prototype 4 m diameter (50 mm in model scale) piles into dense dry sand to depths of over 20 m (over 5 diameters) in less than 1000 blows","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assembled multi-step cantilever retaining walls is a new type of light retaining structure, which can be quickly installed in situ and suitable for high fill earthworks. In order to investigate its mechanical behaviors fully to support practical analysis and design of the novel wall, a series of laboratory model tests are conducted for three-step cantilever walls retaining cohesionless filling under various strip surcharges on the top of the backfill. Test results indicate that lateral earth pressure on the highest-step wall member increases with the depth on the upper two-thirds segment of the wall stem, whereas it presents multi-step polyline distribution mode on the lower two steps. Except for the highest-step wall member, the earth pressure on the upper part of each member stem shows some reduction effect due to shielding action of the upper heel plate inserted in the backfill. The lateral earth pressure on the wall obtained by numerical simulation via FLAC3D is consistent with the measured one in terms of the whole variation tendency. Horizontal displacement of the whole wall takes on a unimodal profile with relatively higher values at the middle height of the wall. Increasing the bench width is helpful to reduce the lateral earth pressure on the wall stems and setting up shear key beneath the footing plate of the lowest-step member can reduce the wall displacement by up to 51%.
{"title":"Static model tests on mechanical behavior of assembled multi-step cantilever walls","authors":"Zhaoying Li, Shiguo Xiao","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.22.00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.22.00076","url":null,"abstract":"Assembled multi-step cantilever retaining walls is a new type of light retaining structure, which can be quickly installed in situ and suitable for high fill earthworks. In order to investigate its mechanical behaviors fully to support practical analysis and design of the novel wall, a series of laboratory model tests are conducted for three-step cantilever walls retaining cohesionless filling under various strip surcharges on the top of the backfill. Test results indicate that lateral earth pressure on the highest-step wall member increases with the depth on the upper two-thirds segment of the wall stem, whereas it presents multi-step polyline distribution mode on the lower two steps. Except for the highest-step wall member, the earth pressure on the upper part of each member stem shows some reduction effect due to shielding action of the upper heel plate inserted in the backfill. The lateral earth pressure on the wall obtained by numerical simulation via FLAC3D is consistent with the measured one in terms of the whole variation tendency. Horizontal displacement of the whole wall takes on a unimodal profile with relatively higher values at the middle height of the wall. Increasing the bench width is helpful to reduce the lateral earth pressure on the wall stems and setting up shear key beneath the footing plate of the lowest-step member can reduce the wall displacement by up to 51%.","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41412281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longhua Guan, Fengkui Zhao, Qiang Lu, Jun-chao Li, Yubing Wang, B. Zhu, Dezhi Zhang
Centrifuge model tests are performed to investigate the dynamic response of dry sand under blast loading. The characteristics and propagation mode of blast waves in dry sand are studied. The Coriolis effect on blast-induced cratering is carefully scrutinized, and both the theoretical and experimental results are provided and agree with each other. In the explosion-induced cratering process, the sand ejecta is subjected to horizontal and vertical Coriolis forces simultaneously; the former directly determines the horizontal motion offset, while the latter affects the particle motion by altering the flight time, and the Coriolis effect on cratering can only be observed apparently for soil ejecta with a relatively small launch angle. Redistribution of the static earth pressure (blast-induced arching effect) in deep-buried, fully confined explosion events under hypergravity is observed. The friction between sand particles is significantly enhanced by the hypergravity to serve as the supporting arch springing. Conceptual analysis is conducted to further reveal the mechanism of the blast-induced arching effect based on the trapdoor test from three aspects of displacement mode, stress development, and post-detonation stress distribution.
{"title":"Geotechnical centrifuge modelling of blast effects in dry sand: Coriolis effect and soil arching","authors":"Longhua Guan, Fengkui Zhao, Qiang Lu, Jun-chao Li, Yubing Wang, B. Zhu, Dezhi Zhang","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.22.00068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.22.00068","url":null,"abstract":"Centrifuge model tests are performed to investigate the dynamic response of dry sand under blast loading. The characteristics and propagation mode of blast waves in dry sand are studied. The Coriolis effect on blast-induced cratering is carefully scrutinized, and both the theoretical and experimental results are provided and agree with each other. In the explosion-induced cratering process, the sand ejecta is subjected to horizontal and vertical Coriolis forces simultaneously; the former directly determines the horizontal motion offset, while the latter affects the particle motion by altering the flight time, and the Coriolis effect on cratering can only be observed apparently for soil ejecta with a relatively small launch angle. Redistribution of the static earth pressure (blast-induced arching effect) in deep-buried, fully confined explosion events under hypergravity is observed. The friction between sand particles is significantly enhanced by the hypergravity to serve as the supporting arch springing. Conceptual analysis is conducted to further reveal the mechanism of the blast-induced arching effect based on the trapdoor test from three aspects of displacement mode, stress development, and post-detonation stress distribution.","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47314397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contact erosion, or interfacial erosion, often occurs in layered foundations composed of coarse and fine layers, which refers to the phenomenon that the particles of the fine layer are detached by the flow parallel to the interface and transported through the pore channels of the coarse layer. In order to visualize the initiation and progression of contact erosion at the internal interface of soil strata, the transparent soil model tests were employed to simulate the real soil, and a series of contact erosion tests were conducted on double-layer foundations composed of different coarse and fine layers. Based on the test results, the commonly used geometric and hydraulic criteria for contact erosion were examined. It shows that the geometric criteria are reliable, while hydraulic criteria give much diverse results. For the same fine soil layer, the critical hydraulic gradient varies greatly with the coarse soil layer, while the critical flow velocity varies in a relatively small range since flow velocity has an intrinsic relationship with the dragging force imposed on particles by seepage flow. It is suggested that more efforts should be paid to the criteria based on critical velocity in further studies for contact erosion.
{"title":"Examining the criteria for contact erosion in granular soil foundations through transparent soil model tests","authors":"G. Wang, Jing Yang, W. Jin, Z. Deng, Zihao Zhang","doi":"10.1680/jphmg.22.00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.22.00064","url":null,"abstract":"Contact erosion, or interfacial erosion, often occurs in layered foundations composed of coarse and fine layers, which refers to the phenomenon that the particles of the fine layer are detached by the flow parallel to the interface and transported through the pore channels of the coarse layer. In order to visualize the initiation and progression of contact erosion at the internal interface of soil strata, the transparent soil model tests were employed to simulate the real soil, and a series of contact erosion tests were conducted on double-layer foundations composed of different coarse and fine layers. Based on the test results, the commonly used geometric and hydraulic criteria for contact erosion were examined. It shows that the geometric criteria are reliable, while hydraulic criteria give much diverse results. For the same fine soil layer, the critical hydraulic gradient varies greatly with the coarse soil layer, while the critical flow velocity varies in a relatively small range since flow velocity has an intrinsic relationship with the dragging force imposed on particles by seepage flow. It is suggested that more efforts should be paid to the criteria based on critical velocity in further studies for contact erosion.","PeriodicalId":48816,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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