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Spatial and temporal characterization of Aedes albopictus oviposition activity in candidate urban settings for sterile insect technique testing in La Reunion Island. 留尼汪岛昆虫不育技术测试候选城市环境中白纹伊蚊产卵活动的时空特征。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01250-z
Gilbert Le Goff, David Damiens, Abdoul-Hamid Ruttee, Frédéric Jean, Laurent Payet, Cyrille Lebon, Paul Taconet, Benjamin Gaudillat, Nausicaa Habchi-Hanriot, Jean-Sébastien Dehecq, Frédéric Simard, Louis-Clément Gouagna

Background: Understanding of mosquito spatiotemporal dynamics is central to characterize candidate field sites for the sterile insect technique (SIT) testing, and is critical to the effective implementation and evaluation of pilot sterile male release programs. Here, we present a detailed description of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) egg-laying activity over a 6-year period in urban areas identified as potential SIT testing sites on Reunion Island.

Method: Weekly entomological collections using ovitraps were carried out in residential and adjacent uninhabited habitats in two urban areas, Duparc and Bois Rouge, in the municipality of Sainte Marie, Reunion Island. Time-series data incorporating the frequency of positive ovitraps and the total number of eggs/ovitrap recorded each time at each locality during the study period from May 2013 to December 2018 were analyzed with multifaceted statistical approaches including descriptive statistics and spatiotemporal analyses incorporating the role of climatic factors on overall ovitrap productivity.

Results: During the ovitrap survey, the proportion of egg-positive ovitraps differed among study sites (χ2 = 50.21, df = 2, P < 0.001), being relatively lower in Duparc (89.5%) than in Bois-Rouges (95.3%) and the adjacent buffer zone (91.2%). Within each neighborhood, Ae. albopictus egg abundance varied by month in a roughly seasonal pattern marked by a single peak occurring more regularly February each year, a decline at the onset of the austral winter in July, followed by a period of lower ovitrap productivity in August and September. Fluctuation in both positivity rate and eggs densities per ovitraps were related to annual and seasonal variations in local temperature and rainfall (P < 0.001 in all cases). The spatial analysis also captured substantial between- and within-habitats heterogeneity, whereby the overall ovitrap productivity was higher in residential areas than in the buffer zone.

Conclusions: Collectively, these results reveal that the distribution of Ae. albopictus oviposition activity is shaped by local habitat heterogeneity and seasonal climatic factors. Overall, this study provides baseline insights into the reproductive dynamics of Ae. albopictus, which would assist in planning locally tailored SIT interventions, while addressing concerns related to focal areas of high egg-laying intensity and potential immigration of females from natural areas.

背景:了解蚊子的时空动态对于确定昆虫不育技术(SIT)试验的候选地点至关重要,对于有效实施和评估雄性不育试验释放计划也至关重要。在此,我们详细描述了白纹伊蚊(Skuse)在留尼汪岛被确定为潜在不育昆虫技术(SIT)测试地点的城市地区 6 年间的产卵活动:方法:在留尼汪岛圣玛丽市的两个城区(Duparc 和 Bois Rouge)的居民区和附近的无人居住区,使用誘捕器每周进行昆虫采集。在2013年5月至2018年12月的研究期间,采用多方面的统计方法分析了时间序列数据,包括阳性誘蚊產卵器的频率和每个地点每次记录的卵/誘蚊產卵器的总数,其中包括描述性统计和时空分析,并纳入了气候因素对总体誘蚊產卵器生产力的作用:在誘蚊產卵器調查期間,不同研究地點的卵陽性誘蚊產卵器比例存在差異(χ2 = 50.21,df = 2,P):总之,这些结果揭示了白纹伊蚊产卵活动的分布受当地生境异质性和季节性气候因素的影响。总之,这项研究为了解白纹伊蚊的繁殖动态提供了基线信息,有助于规划适合当地情况的 SIT 干预措施,同时解决与产卵强度高的重点地区以及雌性白纹伊蚊可能从自然地区迁入有关的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Global burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections, 1990-2021. 1990-2021 年全球土壤传播蠕虫感染的负担。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01238-9
Jin Chen, Yanfeng Gong, Qin Chen, Shizhu Li, Yibiao Zhou

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections can cause a significant disease burden. It is estimated that 1.5 billion people worldwide are infected with STHs, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to assess the distribution of the global burden and trend of STH infections from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: We retrieved data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 on the age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of STH infections for all age groups in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. The ASRs of prevalence and DALYs by age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI) were calculated to quantify the spatial distribution and temporal trend. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between ASR and SDI.

Results: In 2021, there were an estimated 642.72 million cases and 1.38 million DALYs caused by STH infections worldwide. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of STH infections was 8429.89 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 7697.23, 9362.18 ] per 100,000 population globally. The ASPR of STH infections varied across 21 geographic regions in 2021, being mainly prevalent in most African and Latin American locations. The prevalence was higher in the groups of 5-19 years, especially the group of 5-9 years with the ASPR of 16,263 (95% UI: 14,877.06, 18,003.49) and ASR of DALYs of 40.69 (95% UI: 25.98, 60.91) per 100,000. The ASPR of STH infections showed an obvious decreasing trend worldwide (estimated annual percent change = - 4.03, 95% confidence interval: - 4.13, - 3.93) with variations in different species infections during the study years. At the regional level, the ASR of STH infections prevalence (r = - 0.8807, P < 0.0001) and DALYs (r = - 0.9069, P < 0.0001) were negatively correlated with SDI .

Conclusions: STH infections remain a public health problem in 2021, particularly in regions such as the middle parts of Africa and Americas, and in the 5-19 age populations. The reduction in the rate of prevalence and the loss of DALYs are negatively correlated with the increase in SDI. Enhancing political commitment, providing accurate preventive chemotherapy, and advancing techniques for surveillance and mapping systems are essential to achieve the target of ending STH infections as a public health problem by 2030.

背景:土壤传播蠕虫(STH)感染可造成严重的疾病负担。据估计,全球有 15 亿人感染了 STHs,主要集中在热带和亚热带地区。本研究旨在评估 1990 年至 2021 年全球感染性传播疾病的负担分布和趋势:我们从《2021 年全球疾病、伤害和风险因素负担研究》(Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021)中获取了 1990 年至 2021 年 204 个国家和地区各年龄组感染性传播疾病的年龄标准化感染率(ASR)和残疾调整生命年(DALYs)数据。计算了按年龄、性别和社会人口指数(SDI)划分的流行率和残疾调整生命年的 ASRs,以量化空间分布和时间趋势。斯皮尔曼相关分析用于研究 ASR 与 SDI 之间的关系:2021 年,全球因感染性传播疾病而死亡的病例估计为 6.4272 亿例,残疾调整寿命年数为 138 万年。全球每 10 万人口中的性传播疾病年龄标准化流行率(ASPR)为 8429.89 [95% 不确定区间(UI):7697.23, 9362.18]。2021 年,21 个地理区域的性传播疾病感染率各不相同,主要流行于大多数非洲和拉丁美洲地区。5-19 岁年龄组的流行率较高,尤其是 5-9 岁年龄组,其 ASPR 为 16,263 (95% UI: 14,877.06, 18,003.49) ,DALYs 的 ASR 为 40.69 (95% UI: 25.98, 60.91)/100,000。在全球范围内,感染性传播疾病的年平均病死率呈明显下降趋势(估计年百分比变化=-4.03,95%置信区间:-4.13,-3.93),但在研究期间,不同物种的感染情况有所不同。在地区层面,性传播疾病感染率的 ASR(r = - 0.8807,P 结论:性传播疾病感染率的 ASR 与地区感染率的 ASR 呈正相关,而地区感染率的 ASR 与地区感染率的 ASR 呈负相关:性传播疾病感染仍然是 2021 年的一个公共卫生问题,尤其是在非洲中部和美洲等地区以及 5-19 岁的人群中。患病率的降低和残疾调整寿命年数的损失与 SDI 的增加呈负相关。加强政治承诺、提供准确的预防性化疗以及提高监测和绘图系统的技术水平,对于实现到 2030 年消除性传播疾病感染这一公共卫生问题的目标至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of parasite genetic variation and systemic immune responses in patients presenting with different clinical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania aethiopica. 对不同临床表现的皮肤利什曼病患者寄生虫基因变异和全身免疫反应的调查。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01244-x
Endalew Yizengaw, Yegnasew Takele, Susanne Franssen, Bizuayehu Gashaw, Mulat Yimer, Emebet Adem, Endalkachew Nibret, Gizachew Yismaw, Edward Cruz Cervera, Kefale Ejigu, Dessalegn Tamiru, Abaineh Munshea, Ingrid Müller, Richard Weller, James A Cotton, Pascale Kropf

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical skin disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania. In Ethiopia, CL is mainly caused by Leishmania aethiopica and can present in different clinical forms. The aim of this study was to assess whether these different forms are associated with differences in parasite genetic and host systemic immune signatures.

Methods: Here we analysed the whole genome sequence data for 48 clinical parasite isolates and the systemic immune signature from a cohort of CL patients, who were recruited in Nefas Mewcha, Northern Ethiopia, from January 2019 to January 2022.

Results: Our results show that parasites from CL cases with different presentations in a single Ethiopian setting are from the same genetic population based on a permutation test of genome-wide similarity. Furthermore, a logistic regression test for genome wide association did not identify any individual genetic variants significantly associated with disease presentation. We also measured plasma chemokine and cytokine levels of 129 CL patients presenting with different forms of CL. None of the chemokine [eotaxin, eotaxin-3, interleukin (IL)-8, interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-4, macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)] or cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-1β, interleukin-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor-α) levels measured were significantly different between the different clinical presentations of CL, as measured by Kruskal-Wallis test. We also compared those with healthy nonendemic controls: our results show a chemokine (IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TARC) but not a cytokine immune signature in patients with CL as compared to healthy nonendemic controls, as measured by Mann-Whitney test.

Conclusions: The results of our study did not identify a systemic immune signature or parasite genetic factors associated with different clinical presentation of CL.

背景:皮肤利什曼病(CL)是一种被忽视的热带皮肤病,由原生动物寄生虫利什曼原虫引起。在埃塞俄比亚,皮肤利什曼病主要由Leishmania aethiopica引起,可表现为不同的临床形式。本研究的目的是评估这些不同形式是否与寄生虫基因和宿主系统免疫特征的差异有关。方法:我们在此分析了 48 个临床寄生虫分离物的全基因组序列数据和来自一组 CL 患者的系统免疫特征,这些患者于 2019 年 1 月至 2022 年 1 月期间在埃塞俄比亚北部的 Nefas Mewcha 被招募:结果:我们的研究结果表明,根据全基因组相似性的置换检验,来自埃塞俄比亚单一环境中不同表现形式的CL病例的寄生虫来自同一遗传群体。此外,全基因组关联的逻辑回归测试并未发现任何与疾病表现显著相关的个体遗传变异。我们还测量了 129 名不同形式 CL 患者的血浆趋化因子和细胞因子水平。或细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-1β、白细胞介素-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12p70、IL-13、肿瘤坏死因子-α)水平,经 Kruskal-Wallis 检验,CL 不同临床表现之间存在显著差异。我们还将CL患者与健康的非流行病对照组进行了比较:结果显示,与健康的非流行病对照组相比,CL患者体内存在趋化因子(IP-10、MCP-1、MCP-4、MDC、MIP-1α、MIP-1β和TARC),但没有细胞因子免疫特征,这是由Mann-Whitney检验得出的:我们的研究结果没有发现与CL不同临床表现相关的全身免疫特征或寄生虫遗传因素。
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引用次数: 0
Building capacity for testing sterile insect technique against Aedes-borne diseases in the Pacific: a training workshop and launch of sterile insect technique trials against Aedes aegypti and arboviral diseases. 太平洋地区针对伊蚊传播疾病的昆虫不育技术试验能力建设:培训讲习班和针对埃及伊蚊和虫媒病毒疾病的昆虫不育技术试验启动。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01239-8
Nicole Foley, Florence Fouque, Qingxia Zhong, Herve Bossin, Jeremy Bouyer, Raman Velayudhan, Randall Nett, Anna Drexler

Background: Vector-borne diseases cause morbidity and mortality globally. However, some areas are more impacted than others, especially with climate change. Controlling vectors remains the primary means to prevent these diseases, but new, more effective tools are needed. The World Health Organization (WHO) prioritized evaluating novel control methods, such as sterile insect technique (SIT) for control of Aedes-borne diseases. In response, a multiagency partnership between the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), WHO, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) supported the operational implementation and evaluation of SIT against Aedes aegypti and arboviral diseases in the Pacific through a consortium of regional partners (PAC-SIT Consortium).

Main text: A workshop was held from 2 to 6 May 2023, during which PAC-SIT country participants, researchers, and stakeholders in SIT, scientific advisory committee members, and organizational partners came together to review the principles and components of SIT, share experiences, visit field sites and the SIT facility, and officially launch the PAC-SIT project. Working in groups focused on entomology, epidemiology, and community engagement, participants addressed challenges, priorities, and needs for SIT implementation.

Conclusions: The PAC-SIT workshop brought together researchers and stakeholders engaged in evaluating SIT for arboviral diseases in the Pacific region and globally. This training workshop highlighted that many countries are actively engaged in building operational capacities and phased testing of SIT. The workshop identified a key need for robust larger-scale studies tied with epidemiological endpoints to provide evidence for the scalability and impact on mosquito-borne diseases.

背景:病媒传染的疾病在全球范围内造成发病和死亡。然而,一些地区受到的影响比其他地区更大,尤其是在气候变化的情况下。控制病媒仍然是预防这些疾病的主要手段,但需要新的、更有效的工具。世界卫生组织(WHO)优先考虑评估新型控制方法,如昆虫不育技术(SIT),以控制伊蚊传播的疾病。为此,美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)、热带疾病研究和培训特别计划(TDR)、世界卫生组织(WHO)和国际原子能机构(IAEA)之间建立了多机构伙伴关系,通过一个区域合作伙伴联盟(PAC-SIT 联盟),支持在太平洋地区实际应用和评估昆虫不育术(SIT)来防治埃及伊蚊和虫媒病毒疾病:2023 年 5 月 2 日至 6 日举办了一次讲习班,PAC-SIT 国家参与者、研究人员、SIT 利益攸关方、科学咨询委员会成员和组织合作伙伴汇聚一堂,审查 SIT 的原则和组成部分,分享经验,参观实地地点和 SIT 设施,并正式启动 PAC-SIT 项目。与会者以昆虫学、流行病学和社区参与为重点分组讨论了实施 SIT 所面临的挑战、优先事项和需求:PAC-SIT 研讨会汇集了太平洋地区和全球参与评估虫媒病毒疾病 SIT 的研究人员和利益相关者。此次培训研讨会强调,许多国家正在积极建设 SIT 的操作能力并进行分阶段测试。研讨会确定了一项关键需求,即开展与流行病学终点相联系的更大规模的有力研究,为可扩展性和对蚊媒疾病的影响提供证据。
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引用次数: 0
Modern agriculture and One Health. 现代农业与 "同一健康"。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01240-1
Guangzhi Zhang, Yu Qiu, Pascal Boireau, Yinghui Zhang, Xin Ma, Hui Jiang, Ting Xin, Maodun Zhang, Zelalem Tadesse, Nisar Ahmad Wani, Junxia Song, Jiabo Ding

Background: The development of modern agriculture has significantly contributed to improving global food security and safety, alleviating poverty, and enhancing human health and livelihoods. However, the rapid advancement of modern agriculture has also brought about various challenges that limit its sustainable development. This commentary aims to discuss these issues through the One Health lens, and provide valuable insights for balancing modern agricultural activities with the need to protect and promote the health of all the sectors.

Main text: This commentary explores the multifaceted impacts of modern agriculture on social development, as well as the associated various health challenges and environmental impacts within the One Health framework. Key issues include ecosystem degradation, increased risk of interspecies disease transmission like zoonoses, reverse zoonoses, and vector-borne diseases, and the escalated threat of antimicrobial resistance due to intensified agricultural production and increased antimicrobial use. To address these challenges, this commentary outlines potential solutions anchored in the development and implementation of modern technologies and good agricultural practices, such as precision farming, integrated pest management, biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, as well as surveillance and early detection of health risks.

Conclusions: Good agricultural practices supported by scientific and technological advancements are essential for aligning productivity with the One Health vision, ensuring the health and resilience of all the sectors. Enhancing stakeholder education, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and providing supportive policies and infrastructure for farmers to adopt sustainable practices are crucial for the long-term viability of agrifood systems. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations plays a pivotal role in guiding this sustainable transformation through the One Health approach.

背景:现代农业的发展极大地促进了全球粮食安全的改善、贫困的减轻、人类健康和生计的提高。然而,现代农业的快速发展也带来了各种挑战,限制了农业的可持续发展。本评论旨在通过 "一个健康 "视角讨论这些问题,为平衡现代农业活动与保护和促进所有部门健康的需要提供有价值的见解:本评论在 "一个健康 "框架内探讨了现代农业对社会发展的多方面影响,以及相关的各种健康挑战和环境影响。关键问题包括生态系统退化,人畜共患病、反向人畜共患病和病媒传染病等疾病的种间传播风险增加,以及由于农业生产集约化和抗菌药使用增加而导致抗菌药耐药性威胁升级。为应对这些挑战,本评论概述了以开发和实施现代技术和良好农业规范为基础的潜在解决方案,如精准耕作、病虫害综合防治、生物安全措施、疫苗接种计划,以及健康风险的监测和早期检测:结论:在科技进步支持下的良好农业实践对于使生产力与 "一个健康 "愿景保持一致、确保所有部门的健康和复原力至关重要。加强利益相关方教育、强化监管框架、为农民采用可持续做法提供支持性政策和基础设施,对于农粮系统的长期可行性至关重要。联合国粮食及农业组织在通过 "一个健康 "方法指导这一可持续转型方面发挥着关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Proteomics analysis reveals the differential protein expression of female and male adult Toxocara canis using Orbitrap Astral analyzer. 使用 Orbitrap Astral 分析仪进行的蛋白质组学分析揭示了雌性和雄性成年犬毒蛾蛋白质表达的差异。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01246-9
Hui-Jie Qiu, Ya-Jia Zhou, Zhi-Yu Li, Yi-Han Lv, Xing-Quan Zhu, Wen-Bin Zheng

Background: Toxocara canis, the most prevalent helminth in dogs and other canines, is one of the socioeconomically important zoonotic parasites, particularly affecting pediatric and adolescent populations in impoverished communities. However, limited information is available regarding the proteomes of female and male adult T. canis. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis to identify the proteins with differential abundance (PDAs) and gender-specifically expressed proteins between the two sexes adult T. canis.

Methods: The comparative proteomic analysis was carried out by the Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) with asymmetric track lossless (Astral) analyzer. The difference analysis was conducted using t-test and the proteins verification was achieved through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The potential biological functions of identified adult T. canis proteins and PDAs were predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The domain, transcription factor and subcellular localization of the identified proteins and PDAs were analyzed by InterPro, AnimalTFDB 4.0 and Cell-mPLOC 2.0 databases, respectively.

Results: A total of 8565 somatic proteins of adult T. canis were identified. Compared to male adult, 682 up-regulated PDAs and 844 down-regulated PDAs were identified in female adult with P-values < 0.05 and |log2FC| > 1, including 139 proteins exclusively expressed in female and 272 proteins exclusively expressed in male. The GO annotation analysis using all PDAs revealed that the main biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions corresponded to aminoglycan metabolic process, extracellular region and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, respectively. The KEGG analysis using all PDAs showed that the pathways were mainly associated with adipocytokine signaling pathway, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation and PPAR signaling pathway.

Conclusions: This study reveals the differential protein expression between female and male adult T. canis, providing valuable resource for developing the novel intervention strategies against T. canis infection in humans and animals, especially from the perspective of sexual development and reproduction.

背景:犬弓形虫(Toxocara canis)是狗和其他犬科动物中最常见的蠕虫,也是具有重要社会经济意义的人畜共患寄生虫之一,尤其影响贫困社区的儿童和青少年群体。然而,有关雌性和雄性成年犬睾丸蠕虫蛋白质组的信息非常有限。为了填补这一知识空白,我们进行了一项全面的蛋白质组分析,以确定犬尾蝇蛆雌雄成虫之间丰度不同的蛋白质(PDAs)和性别特异性表达的蛋白质:方法:比较蛋白质组分析采用 Orbitrap 质谱(MS)和非对称无损跟踪(Astral)分析仪进行。采用 t 检验进行差异分析,并通过平行反应监测(PRM)对蛋白质进行验证。通过基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)和京都基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)数据库预测了已鉴定的成年犬蛋白和 PDAs 的潜在生物学功能。通过InterPro、AnimalTFDB 4.0和Cell-mPLOC 2.0数据库分别分析了已鉴定蛋白质和PDA的结构域、转录因子和亚细胞定位:结果:共鉴定出8565个成年犬体细胞蛋白。与雄性成年犬相比,在雌性成年犬中发现了682个上调PDAs和844个下调PDAs,P值2FC|>1,其中139个蛋白质在雌性成年犬中独家表达,272个蛋白质在雄性成年犬中独家表达。利用所有 PDAs 进行的 GO 注释分析表明,主要的生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能分别与氨基聚糖代谢过程、细胞外区域和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶活性相对应。利用所有 PDA 进行的 KEGG 分析表明,这些通路主要与脂肪细胞因子信号通路、近端肾小管碳酸氢盐再生和 PPAR 信号通路相关:本研究揭示了雌性和雄性成年犬尾狮尾狒狒蛋白质表达的差异,尤其是从性发育和生殖的角度,为人类和动物开发新的犬尾狮尾狒狒感染干预策略提供了宝贵的资源。
{"title":"Proteomics analysis reveals the differential protein expression of female and male adult Toxocara canis using Orbitrap Astral analyzer.","authors":"Hui-Jie Qiu, Ya-Jia Zhou, Zhi-Yu Li, Yi-Han Lv, Xing-Quan Zhu, Wen-Bin Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s40249-024-01246-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-024-01246-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxocara canis, the most prevalent helminth in dogs and other canines, is one of the socioeconomically important zoonotic parasites, particularly affecting pediatric and adolescent populations in impoverished communities. However, limited information is available regarding the proteomes of female and male adult T. canis. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis to identify the proteins with differential abundance (PDAs) and gender-specifically expressed proteins between the two sexes adult T. canis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The comparative proteomic analysis was carried out by the Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) with asymmetric track lossless (Astral) analyzer. The difference analysis was conducted using t-test and the proteins verification was achieved through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The potential biological functions of identified adult T. canis proteins and PDAs were predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The domain, transcription factor and subcellular localization of the identified proteins and PDAs were analyzed by InterPro, AnimalTFDB 4.0 and Cell-mPLOC 2.0 databases, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8565 somatic proteins of adult T. canis were identified. Compared to male adult, 682 up-regulated PDAs and 844 down-regulated PDAs were identified in female adult with P-values < 0.05 and |log<sub>2</sub><sup>FC</sup>| > 1, including 139 proteins exclusively expressed in female and 272 proteins exclusively expressed in male. The GO annotation analysis using all PDAs revealed that the main biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions corresponded to aminoglycan metabolic process, extracellular region and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, respectively. The KEGG analysis using all PDAs showed that the pathways were mainly associated with adipocytokine signaling pathway, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation and PPAR signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals the differential protein expression between female and male adult T. canis, providing valuable resource for developing the novel intervention strategies against T. canis infection in humans and animals, especially from the perspective of sexual development and reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"13 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coverage of community-wide mass drug administration platforms for soil-transmitted helminths in Benin, India, and Malawi: findings from the DeWorm3 project. 贝宁、印度和马拉维全社区土壤传播蠕虫大规模用药平台的覆盖范围:DeWorm3 项目的发现。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01241-0
Arianna Rubin Means, Kristjana Hrönn Ásbjörnsdóttir, Katherine C Sharrock, Sean R Galagan, Kumudha Aruldas, Euripide Avokpaho, Félicien Chabi, Katherine E Halliday, Parfait Houngbegnon, Gideon John Israel, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kaliappan, David Kennedy, Hugo Legge, William E Oswald, Gokila Palanisamy, Elliott Rogers, Joseph Timothy, Emily Pearman, Rohan Michael Ramesh, James Simwanza, Jasmine Farzana Sheik-Abdullah, Mariyam Sheikh, Comlanvi Innocent Togbevi, Stefan Witek-McManus, Rachel L Pullan, Robin Bailey, Khumbo Kalua, Moudachirou Ibikounlé, Adrian J F Luty, Sitara S R Ajjampur, Judd L Walson

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. The current STH control strategy is annual or twice-annual preventive chemotherapy, typically school-based deworming targeting children and women of reproductive age. Mathematical modeling suggests that it may be possible to interrupt STH transmission through high-coverage community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). DeWorm3 is a cluster randomized trial testing cMDA for prevalence reduction and transmission interruption. The purpose of this study is to describe coverage of cMDA in study clusters over time and correlates of coverage at individual and cluster levels.

Methods: From 2018-2020, DeWorm3 delivered six rounds of cMDA with 400 mg albendazole at sites in Benin, India, and Malawi. We report coverage, treatment uptake, and directly observed therapy across all rounds. Factors associated with coverage at the cluster level were identified using binomial generalized estimating equations, while factors associated with non-treatment at the individual level were identified using binomial mixed-effects models.

Results: Coverage was high across all clusters and rounds, exceeding the WHO target of 75% in all sites and across all rounds (78% to 95%); cluster-level coverage tended to increase over time. Younger, unmarried, and migratory adults were more likely to be untreated at all sites; adult males were more likely to be untreated in Benin and Malawi. Among children, girls were more likely to be untreated, as were non-school-attending and migratory children. Higher adult education was associated with greater odds of non-treatment among adults, but lower odds among children in the household. Belonging to a less wealthy or minority language-speaking household was associated with non-treatment among both adults and children.

Conclusions: It is possible to deliver community-wide MDA with high coverage. Unique individual and community-level factors influence treatment across settings, and these may be addressed through targeted programming.

Trial registration: Field Studies on the Feasibility of Interrupting the Transmission of Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH), NCT03014167.

背景:全球约有 15 亿人受到土壤传播蠕虫(STH)的影响。目前的 STH 控制策略是每年一次或两次的预防性化疗,通常是针对儿童和育龄妇女的校内驱虫。数学模型表明,通过高覆盖率的全社区大规模用药(cMDA)有可能阻断性传播感染。DeWorm3 是一项分组随机试验,测试 cMDA 如何降低流行率和阻断传播。本研究的目的是描述随着时间推移,cMDA 在研究群组中的覆盖率,以及个人和群组层面覆盖率的相关因素:从 2018-2020 年,DeWorm3 在贝宁、印度和马拉维的研究地点提供了六轮使用 400 毫克阿苯达唑的 cMDA。我们报告了所有轮次的覆盖率、治疗吸收率和直接观察疗法。使用二项式广义估计方程确定了群组水平上与覆盖率相关的因素,而使用二项式混合效应模型确定了个体水平上与未治疗相关的因素:所有群组和所有轮次的覆盖率都很高,在所有地点和所有轮次都超过了世界卫生组织规定的 75% 的目标(78% 至 95%);随着时间的推移,群组层面的覆盖率呈上升趋势。在所有地点,年轻、未婚和移徙的成年人更有可能未接受治疗;在贝宁和马拉维,成年男性更有可能未接受治疗。在儿童中,女孩更有可能未接受治疗,非在校儿童和移民儿童也是如此。成人受教育程度越高,成人未接受治疗的几率越大,但家中儿童未接受治疗的几率较低。属于不太富裕或讲少数民族语言的家庭与成人和儿童未接受治疗有关:结论:在社区范围内提供高覆盖率的 MDA 是可行的。结论:在社区范围内提供高覆盖率的 MDA 是可能的。个人和社区层面的独特因素会影响不同环境下的治疗,这些因素可以通过有针对性的计划来解决:试验注册:阻断土壤传播蠕虫(STH)传播的可行性实地研究,NCT03014167。
{"title":"Coverage of community-wide mass drug administration platforms for soil-transmitted helminths in Benin, India, and Malawi: findings from the DeWorm3 project.","authors":"Arianna Rubin Means, Kristjana Hrönn Ásbjörnsdóttir, Katherine C Sharrock, Sean R Galagan, Kumudha Aruldas, Euripide Avokpaho, Félicien Chabi, Katherine E Halliday, Parfait Houngbegnon, Gideon John Israel, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kaliappan, David Kennedy, Hugo Legge, William E Oswald, Gokila Palanisamy, Elliott Rogers, Joseph Timothy, Emily Pearman, Rohan Michael Ramesh, James Simwanza, Jasmine Farzana Sheik-Abdullah, Mariyam Sheikh, Comlanvi Innocent Togbevi, Stefan Witek-McManus, Rachel L Pullan, Robin Bailey, Khumbo Kalua, Moudachirou Ibikounlé, Adrian J F Luty, Sitara S R Ajjampur, Judd L Walson","doi":"10.1186/s40249-024-01241-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-024-01241-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. The current STH control strategy is annual or twice-annual preventive chemotherapy, typically school-based deworming targeting children and women of reproductive age. Mathematical modeling suggests that it may be possible to interrupt STH transmission through high-coverage community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). DeWorm3 is a cluster randomized trial testing cMDA for prevalence reduction and transmission interruption. The purpose of this study is to describe coverage of cMDA in study clusters over time and correlates of coverage at individual and cluster levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2018-2020, DeWorm3 delivered six rounds of cMDA with 400 mg albendazole at sites in Benin, India, and Malawi. We report coverage, treatment uptake, and directly observed therapy across all rounds. Factors associated with coverage at the cluster level were identified using binomial generalized estimating equations, while factors associated with non-treatment at the individual level were identified using binomial mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coverage was high across all clusters and rounds, exceeding the WHO target of 75% in all sites and across all rounds (78% to 95%); cluster-level coverage tended to increase over time. Younger, unmarried, and migratory adults were more likely to be untreated at all sites; adult males were more likely to be untreated in Benin and Malawi. Among children, girls were more likely to be untreated, as were non-school-attending and migratory children. Higher adult education was associated with greater odds of non-treatment among adults, but lower odds among children in the household. Belonging to a less wealthy or minority language-speaking household was associated with non-treatment among both adults and children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is possible to deliver community-wide MDA with high coverage. Unique individual and community-level factors influence treatment across settings, and these may be addressed through targeted programming.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Field Studies on the Feasibility of Interrupting the Transmission of Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH), NCT03014167.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"13 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global burden of viral infectious diseases of poverty based on Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021. 根据《2021 年全球疾病负担研究》得出的全球贫困病毒性传染病负担。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01234-z
Xin-Chen Li, Yan-Yan Zhang, Qi-Yu Zhang, Jing-Shu Liu, Jin-Jun Ran, Le-Fei Han, Xiao-Xi Zhang

Background: Viral infectious diseases of poverty (vIDPs) remain a significant global health challenge. Despite their profound impact, the burden of these diseases is not comprehensively quantified. This study aims to analyze the global burden of six major vIDPs, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), HIV/AIDS, acute hepatitis, dengue, rabies, and Ebola virus disease (EVD), using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021).

Methods: Following the GBD 2021 framework, we analyzed the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the six vIDPs across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We examined the association between the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and the burden of vIDPs. All estimates were reported as numbers and rates per 100,000 population, calculated using the Bayesian statistical model employed by GBD 2021, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI).

Results: In 2021, vIDPs caused approximately 8.7 million deaths and 259.2 million DALYs, accounting for 12.8% and 9.0% of the global all-cause totals, respectively. Globally, the burden of vIDPs varied significantly: COVID-19 caused around 7.9 million (95% UI: 7.5, 8.4) deaths and 212.0 million (95% UI 197.9, 234.7) DALYs in 2021. Acute hepatitis had the second-highest age-standardized incidence rate, with 3411.5 (95% UI: 3201.8, 3631.3) per 100,000 population, while HIV/AIDS had a high age-standardized prevalence rate, with 483.1 (95% UI: 459.0, 511.4) per 100,000 population. Dengue incidence cases rose from 26.5 million (95% UI: 3.9, 51.9) in 1990 to 59.0 million (95% UI: 15.5, 106.9) in 2021. Rabies, although reduced in prevalence, continued to pose a significant mortality risk. EVD had the lowest overall burden but significant outbreak impacts. Age-standardized DALY rates for vIDPs were significantly negatively correlated with SDI: acute hepatitis (r = -0.8, P < 0.0001), rabies (r = -0.7, P < 0.0001), HIV/AIDS (r = -0.6, P < 0.0001), COVID-19 (r = -0.5, P < 0.0001), dengue (r = -0.4, P < 0.0001), and EVD (r = -0.2, P < 0.005).

Conclusions: VIDPs pose major public health challenges worldwide, with significant regional, age, and gender disparities. The results underscore the need for targeted interventions and international cooperation to mitigate the burden of these diseases. Policymakers can use these findings to implement cost-effective interventions and improve health outcomes, particularly in regions with high or increasing burdens.

背景:贫困病毒性传染病(vIDPs)仍然是全球健康面临的重大挑战。尽管这些疾病影响深远,但其造成的负担并未得到全面量化。本研究旨在利用《2021 年全球疾病负担、伤害和风险因素研究》(GBD 2021)的数据,分析六种主要病毒性传染病的全球负担,包括 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、急性肝炎、登革热、狂犬病和埃博拉病毒病(EVD):按照 GBD 2021 框架,我们分析了 1990 年至 2021 年期间 204 个国家和地区的六种病毒性传染病的发病率、死亡率和残疾调整生命年(DALYs)。我们研究了社会人口指数(SDI)与病毒性腹泻病负担之间的关联。所有估计值均以每十万人中的数字和比率为单位进行报告,并采用《2021年全球生物多样性数据》所使用的贝叶斯统计模型进行计算,以及95%的不确定性区间(UI):结果:2021 年,血管内皮生长因子病造成约 870 万人死亡和 2.592 亿人残疾调整寿命年数,分别占全球全因总数的 12.8% 和 9.0%。在全球范围内,病毒性腹泻病造成的负担差异很大:2021 年,COVID-19 造成约 790 万人死亡(95% UI:750,840),2.12 亿人残疾调整寿命年数(95% UI:1.979,234.7)。急性肝炎的年龄标准化发病率位居第二,为每 10 万人 3411.5 例(95% UI:3201.8,3631.3),而艾滋病毒/艾滋病的年龄标准化流行率较高,为每 10 万人 483.1 例(95% UI:459.0,511.4)。登革热发病率从 1990 年的 2650 万例(95% UI:390,51.9)上升到 2021 年的 5900 万例(95% UI:1550,106.9)。狂犬病虽然发病率有所下降,但仍有很大的死亡风险。EVD 的总体负担最低,但对疫情爆发有重大影响。病毒性传染病的年龄标准化残疾调整寿命年率与 SDI:急性肝炎呈显著负相关(r = -0.8,P 结论:病毒性传染病对公共卫生构成重大威胁:病毒性肝炎在全球范围内构成了重大的公共卫生挑战,并存在明显的地区、年龄和性别差异。研究结果表明,有必要采取有针对性的干预措施并开展国际合作,以减轻这些疾病造成的负担。政策制定者可以利用这些研究结果来实施具有成本效益的干预措施并改善健康结果,尤其是在负担较重或负担不断加重的地区。
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引用次数: 0
Further analysis of tuberculosis in eight high-burden countries based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data. 根据《2021 年全球疾病负担研究》数据,进一步分析八个高负担国家的结核病情况。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01247-8
Hengliang Lv, Longhao Wang, Xueli Zhang, Caixia Dang, Feng Liu, Xin Zhang, Junzhu Bai, Shumeng You, Hui Chen, Wenyi Zhang, Yuanyong Xu

Backgrounds: Most significant findings from the Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2023 indicate that India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) collectively contribute to approximately two-thirds of global TB cases. This study aims to provide crucial data-driven insights and references to improve TB control measures through a comprehensive analysis of these eight high-burden countries.

Methods: The eight high-burden TB countries analyzed in this study include India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and the DRC. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of TB were derived from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021 data. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression. An age-period-cohort model was applied to examine the risk ratios (RR) of TB across diverse age groups, periods, and birth cohorts. A Bayesian age-period-cohort framework was employed to predict the ASIR of TB by 2030.

Results: The study found that the Philippines (average annual percentage change = 3.1%, P < 0.001) exhibited an upward trend from 1990 to 2021. In India, the Philippines, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, the RR of TB incidence exceeded 1 after individuals reached 25 years old. Notably, the RR has shown a consistent upward trend since 2001, peaking during the period of 2017-2021 with an estimated RR of 1.5 (P < 0.001) in the Philippines. Similarly, the highest RR was observed during the period of 2017-2021 reaching 1.1 (P < 0.001) in the DRC. In the Philippines, the markedly increasing RR values for TB have been observed among individuals born after 1997-2001. Projections suggest that the ASIR of TB is expected to follow a continued upward trajectory, with an estimated rate of 392.9 per 100,000 by 2030 in the Philippines; India and Indonesia are projected to achieve less than 20.0% of the target set by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Conclusions: Among the eight high-burden countries, the Philippines, India and Indonesia are diverging from the goals set by the WHO, and the risk of TB in the Philippines and the DRC shows a trend toward affecting younger populations, which suggests that the management strategies for TB patients need to be further strengthened.

背景:2023 年全球结核病(TB)报告》中最重要的研究结果表明,印度、印度尼西亚、中国、菲律宾、巴基斯坦、尼日利亚、孟加拉国和刚果民主共和国(DRC)合计约占全球结核病病例的三分之二。本研究旨在通过对这八个结核病高负担国家的全面分析,为改进结核病控制措施提供重要的数据驱动见解和参考:本研究分析的八个结核病高负担国家包括印度、印度尼西亚、中国、菲律宾、巴基斯坦、尼日利亚、孟加拉国和刚果民主共和国。结核病的年龄标准化发病率(ASIR)来自《2021 年全球疾病负担研究》的数据。采用 Joinpoint 回归分析了时间趋势。采用年龄-时期-队列模型来研究不同年龄组、时期和出生队列的结核病风险比(RR)。采用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列框架预测了到 2030 年结核病的 ASIR:研究发现,菲律宾(年均百分比变化 = 3.1%,P在八个结核病高负担国家中,菲律宾、印度和印度尼西亚与世界卫生组织设定的目标存在偏差,菲律宾和刚果民主共和国的结核病风险呈现出影响年轻群体的趋势,这表明需要进一步加强结核病患者的管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Dengue epidemic in China before 1978. 1978 年前中国的登革热疫情。
IF 8.1 1区 医学 Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01243-y
Xiang Guo, Haiyang Chen, Ruifeng Lin, Xiaohua Liu, Meng Li, Liu Ge, Wenting Deng, Rangke Wu, Xiaohong Zhou

Dengue, an acute febrile disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), presenting a formidable challenge to global public health. By examining clues from ancient Chinese books and conducting a comprehensive review, this study elucidates the characteristics of potential dengue epidemics in China prior to 1978. This evidence indicates that China may not have experience dengue epidemics before 1840. During 1840-1949, however, it experienced a noticeable dengue occurrence and prevalence in the 1870s, 1920s, and 1940s. Then from 1949 to 1978, only sporadic reports were accounted. The disparity in the frequency of dengue occurrences across three time periods suggests that the persistent characteristic of dengue epidemics in China primarily arises from imported cases resulting from international exchanges, subsequently leading to local outbreaks influenced by global epidemic trend. This research offers a novel perspective on retrospectively examining the historical trajectory of dengue epidemics and provides valuable insights into exploration of DENV epidemic patterns.

登革热是由登革病毒(DENV)引起的一种由伊蚊传播的急性发热性疾病,给全球公共卫生带来了严峻的挑战。本研究通过考察中国古籍中的线索并进行全面回顾,阐明了 1978 年以前中国潜在登革热流行的特征。这些证据表明,中国在 1840 年之前可能没有经历过登革热疫情。但在 1840-1949 年期间,中国在 19 世纪 70 年代、20 年代和 40 年代经历了明显的登革热发生和流行。从 1949 年到 1978 年,只有零星的报告。三个时期登革热发生频率的差异表明,中国登革热流行的持续性特征主要来自于国际交流导致的输入病例,进而受全球流行趋势的影响导致地方性暴发。这项研究为回顾登革热流行的历史轨迹提供了一个新的视角,并为探索 DENV 流行模式提供了宝贵的见解。
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Infectious Diseases of Poverty
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