Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2022cei0002
T. Ohtsuki
SUMMARY Mobile communication systems are not only the core of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure but also that of our social infrastructure. The 5th generation mobile communication system (5G) has already started and is in use. 5G is expected for various use cases in industry and society. Thus, many companies and research institutes are now trying to improve the performance of 5G, that is, 5G Enhancement and the next generation of mobile communication systems (Beyond 5G (6G)). 6G is expected to meet various highly demanding requirements even compared with 5G, such as extremely high data rate, extremely large coverage, extremely low latency, extremely low energy, extremely high reliability, extreme massive connectivity, and so on. Arti(cid:12)cial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), AI/ML, will have more important roles than ever in 6G wireless communications with the above extreme high requirements for a diversity of applications, including new combinations of the requirements for new use cases. We can say that AI/ML will be essential for 6G wireless communications. This paper introduces some ML techniques and appli- cations in 6G wireless communications, mainly focusing on the physical layer.
{"title":"Machine Learning in 6G Wireless Communications","authors":"T. Ohtsuki","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2022cei0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022cei0002","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Mobile communication systems are not only the core of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure but also that of our social infrastructure. The 5th generation mobile communication system (5G) has already started and is in use. 5G is expected for various use cases in industry and society. Thus, many companies and research institutes are now trying to improve the performance of 5G, that is, 5G Enhancement and the next generation of mobile communication systems (Beyond 5G (6G)). 6G is expected to meet various highly demanding requirements even compared with 5G, such as extremely high data rate, extremely large coverage, extremely low latency, extremely low energy, extremely high reliability, extreme massive connectivity, and so on. Arti(cid:12)cial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), AI/ML, will have more important roles than ever in 6G wireless communications with the above extreme high requirements for a diversity of applications, including new combinations of the requirements for new use cases. We can say that AI/ML will be essential for 6G wireless communications. This paper introduces some ML techniques and appli- cations in 6G wireless communications, mainly focusing on the physical layer.","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"4 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91043565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3094
Keisuke Fujita, K. Noguchi
{"title":"Closed-Form Expression of Radiation Characteristics for Electrically Small Spherical Helix Antennas","authors":"Keisuke Fujita, K. Noguchi","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"25 1","pages":"459-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91160236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3140
Jurong Bai, Lin Lan, Zhaoyang Song, Huimin Du
{"title":"Signal Detection for OTFS System Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"Jurong Bai, Lin Lan, Zhaoyang Song, Huimin Du","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"44 1","pages":"614-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74099241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2023pni0002
Hiroshi Hasegawa
The novel optical path routing architecture named flexible waveband routing networks is reviewed in this paper. The nodes adopt a two-stage path routing scheme where wavelength selective switches (WSSs) bundle optical paths and form a small number of path groups and then optical switches without wavelength selectivity route these groups to desired outputs. Substantial hardware scale reduction can be achieved as the scheme enables us to use small scale WSSs, and even more, share a WSS by multiple input cores/fibers through the use of spatially-joint-switching. Furthermore, path groups distributed over multiple bands can be switched by these optical switches and thus the adaptation to multi-band transmission is straightforward. Network-wide numerical simulations and transmission experiments that assume multi-band transmission demonstrate the validity of flexible waveband routing.
{"title":"Bandwidth Abundant Optical Networking Enabled by Spatially-jointed and Multi-band Flexible Waveband Routing","authors":"Hiroshi Hasegawa","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023pni0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023pni0002","url":null,"abstract":"The novel optical path routing architecture named flexible waveband routing networks is reviewed in this paper. The nodes adopt a two-stage path routing scheme where wavelength selective switches (WSSs) bundle optical paths and form a small number of path groups and then optical switches without wavelength selectivity route these groups to desired outputs. Substantial hardware scale reduction can be achieved as the scheme enables us to use small scale WSSs, and even more, share a WSS by multiple input cores/fibers through the use of spatially-joint-switching. Furthermore, path groups distributed over multiple bands can be switched by these optical switches and thus the adaptation to multi-band transmission is straightforward. Network-wide numerical simulations and transmission experiments that assume multi-band transmission demonstrate the validity of flexible waveband routing.","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135501460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2023ebt0006
Binu SHRESTHA, Yuyuan CHANG, Kazuhiko FUKAWA
Device-to-device (D2D) communication allows user terminals to directly communicate with each other without the need for any base stations (BSs). Since the D2D communication underlaying a cellular system shares frequency channels with BSs, co-channel interference may occur. Successive interference cancellation (SIC), which is also called the serial interference canceler, detects and subtracts user signals from received signals in descending order of received power, can cope with the above interference and has already been applied to fog nodes that manage communications among machine-to-machine (M2M) devices besides direct communications with BSs. When differences among received power levels of user signals are negligible, however, SIC cannot work well and thus causes degradation in bit error rate (BER) performance. To solve such a problem, this paper proposes to apply parallel interference cancellation (PIC), which can simultaneously detect both desired and interfering signals under the maximum likelihood criterion and can maintain good BER performance even when power level differences among users are small. When channel coding is employed, however, SIC can be superior to PIC in terms of BER under some channel conditions. Considering the superiority, this paper also proposes to select the proper cancellation scheme and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that can maximize the throughput of D2D under a constraint of BER, in which the canceler selection is referred to as adaptive interference cancellation. Computer simulations show that PIC outperforms SIC under almost all channel conditions and thus the adaptive selection from PIC and SIC can achieve a marginal gain over PIC, while PIC can achieve 10% higher average system throughput than that of SIC. As for transmission delay time, it is demonstrated that the adaptive selection and PIC can shorten the delay time more than any other schemes, although the fog node causes the delay time of 1 ms at least.
{"title":"Device-to-Device Communications Employing Fog Nodes Using Parallel and Serial Interference Cancelers","authors":"Binu SHRESTHA, Yuyuan CHANG, Kazuhiko FUKAWA","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023ebt0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023ebt0006","url":null,"abstract":"Device-to-device (D2D) communication allows user terminals to directly communicate with each other without the need for any base stations (BSs). Since the D2D communication underlaying a cellular system shares frequency channels with BSs, co-channel interference may occur. Successive interference cancellation (SIC), which is also called the serial interference canceler, detects and subtracts user signals from received signals in descending order of received power, can cope with the above interference and has already been applied to fog nodes that manage communications among machine-to-machine (M2M) devices besides direct communications with BSs. When differences among received power levels of user signals are negligible, however, SIC cannot work well and thus causes degradation in bit error rate (BER) performance. To solve such a problem, this paper proposes to apply parallel interference cancellation (PIC), which can simultaneously detect both desired and interfering signals under the maximum likelihood criterion and can maintain good BER performance even when power level differences among users are small. When channel coding is employed, however, SIC can be superior to PIC in terms of BER under some channel conditions. Considering the superiority, this paper also proposes to select the proper cancellation scheme and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that can maximize the throughput of D2D under a constraint of BER, in which the canceler selection is referred to as adaptive interference cancellation. Computer simulations show that PIC outperforms SIC under almost all channel conditions and thus the adaptive selection from PIC and SIC can achieve a marginal gain over PIC, while PIC can achieve 10% higher average system throughput than that of SIC. As for transmission delay time, it is demonstrated that the adaptive selection and PIC can shorten the delay time more than any other schemes, although the fog node causes the delay time of 1 ms at least.","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3069
Zhiyuan Ling, Xiao Chen, Lei Song
{"title":"Flow Processing Optimization with Accelerated Flow Actions on High Speed Programmable Data Plane","authors":"Zhiyuan Ling, Xiao Chen, Lei Song","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"226 1","pages":"133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83668656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2021ebp3210
Xiang Bi, Huang Huang, Benhong Zhang, Xing Wei
{"title":"A Hybrid Routing Algorithm for V2V Communication in VANETs Based on Blocked Q-Learning","authors":"Xiang Bi, Huang Huang, Benhong Zhang, Xing Wei","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2021ebp3210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2021ebp3210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90982470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3078
T. Iwakuni, D. Uchida, Takuto Arai, Shuki Wai, N. Kita
{"title":"Handover Experiment of 60-GHz-Band Wireless LAN in over 200-km/h High-Speed Mobility Environment","authors":"T. Iwakuni, D. Uchida, Takuto Arai, Shuki Wai, N. Kita","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2022ebp3078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"125 1","pages":"384-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78415688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A city-level digital twin is a critical enabling technology to construct a smart city that helps improve citizens' living conditions and quality of life. Currently, research and development regarding the digital replica city are pursued worldwide. However, many research projects only focus on creating the 3D city model. A mechanism to involve key players, such as data providers, service providers, and application developers, is essential for constructing the digital replica city and producing various city applications. Based on this motivation, the authors of this paper are pursuing a research project, namely Decentralized Digital Twin EcoSystem (D2EcoSys), to create an ecosystem to advance (and self-grow) the digital replica city regarding time and space directions, city services, and values. This paper introduces an overview of the D2EcoSys project: vision, problem statement, and approach. In addition, the paper discusses the recent research results regarding networking technologies and demonstrates an early testbed built in the Kashiwa-no-ha smart city.
{"title":"D2EcoSys: Decentralized Digital Twin EcoSystem Empower Co-Creation City-level Digital Twins","authors":"Kenji Kanai, Hidehiro Kanemitsu, Taku Yamazaki, Shintaro Mori, Aram Mine, Sumiko Miyata, Hironobu Imamura, Hidenori Nakazato","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023wwi0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023wwi0001","url":null,"abstract":"A city-level digital twin is a critical enabling technology to construct a smart city that helps improve citizens' living conditions and quality of life. Currently, research and development regarding the digital replica city are pursued worldwide. However, many research projects only focus on creating the 3D city model. A mechanism to involve key players, such as data providers, service providers, and application developers, is essential for constructing the digital replica city and producing various city applications. Based on this motivation, the authors of this paper are pursuing a research project, namely Decentralized Digital Twin EcoSystem (D2EcoSys), to create an ecosystem to advance (and self-grow) the digital replica city regarding time and space directions, city services, and values. This paper introduces an overview of the D2EcoSys project: vision, problem statement, and approach. In addition, the paper discusses the recent research results regarding networking technologies and demonstrates an early testbed built in the Kashiwa-no-ha smart city.","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135158349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3079
Masahiro YOKOTA, Kazuhisa YAMAGISHI
In this paper, the quality and transferred data based video bitrate control method for web-conferencing services is proposed, aiming to reduce transferred data by suppressing excessive quality. In web-conferencing services, the video bitrate is generally controlled in accordance with the network conditions (e.g., jitter and packet loss rate) to improve users' quality. However, in such a control, the bitrate is excessively high when the network conditions is sufficiently high (e.g., high throughput and low jitter) , which causes an increased transferred data volume. The increased volume of data transferred leads to increased operational costs, such as network costs for service providers. To solve this problem, we developed a method to control the video bitrate of each user to achieve the required quality determined by the service provider. This method is implemented in an actual web-conferencing system and evaluated under various conditions. It was shown that the bitrate could be controlled in accordance with the required quality to reduce the transferred data volume.
{"title":"Quality and Transferred Data based Video Bitrate Control Method for Web-Conferencing","authors":"Masahiro YOKOTA, Kazuhisa YAMAGISHI","doi":"10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2023ebp3079","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the quality and transferred data based video bitrate control method for web-conferencing services is proposed, aiming to reduce transferred data by suppressing excessive quality. In web-conferencing services, the video bitrate is generally controlled in accordance with the network conditions (e.g., jitter and packet loss rate) to improve users' quality. However, in such a control, the bitrate is excessively high when the network conditions is sufficiently high (e.g., high throughput and low jitter) , which causes an increased transferred data volume. The increased volume of data transferred leads to increased operational costs, such as network costs for service providers. To solve this problem, we developed a method to control the video bitrate of each user to achieve the required quality determined by the service provider. This method is implemented in an actual web-conferencing system and evaluated under various conditions. It was shown that the bitrate could be controlled in accordance with the required quality to reduce the transferred data volume.","PeriodicalId":48825,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136257178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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