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Cluster analysis of phenotypes, job exposure, and inflammatory patterns in elderly and nonelderly asthma patients 对老年和非老年哮喘患者的表型、工作接触和炎症模式进行聚类分析
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.01.001
Yung-Chi Chuang , Hsin-Hua Tsai , Meng-Chih Lin , Chao-Chien Wu , Yuan-Chung Lin , Tsu-Nai Wang

Background

Asthma has been identified as different phenotypes due to various risk factors. Age differences may have potential effects on asthma phenotypes. Our study aimed to identify potential asthma phenotypes among adults divided by age as either younger or older than 65 years. We also compared differences in blood granulocyte patterns, occupational asthmagens, and asthma control-related outcomes among patient phenotype clusters.

Methods

We recruited nonelderly (<65 years old) (n = 726) and elderly adults (≥65 years old) (n = 201) with mild-to-severe asthma. We conducted a factor analysis to select 17 variables. A two-step cluster analysis was used to classify subjects with asthma phenotypes, and a discriminant analysis was used to verify the classification of cluster results.

Results

There were three clusters with different characteristics identified in both the nonelderly and elderly asthmatic adults. In the nonelderly patient group, cluster 2 (obese, neutrophilic phenotypes) had a 1.85-fold significantly increased risk of asthma exacerbations. Cluster 3 (early-onset, atopy, and smoker with an eosinophil-predominant pattern) had a 2.37-fold risk of asthma exacerbations and higher oral corticosteroid (OCS) use than cluster 1 (late-onset and LMW exposure with paucigranulocytic blood pattern). Among elderly patients, cluster 2 had poor lung function and more ex-smokers. Cluster 3 (early-onset, long asthma duration) had the lowest paucigranulocytic blood pattern percentages in the elderly group.

Conclusions

The novelty of the clusters was found in age-dependent clusters. We identified three distinct phenotypes with heterogeneous characteristics, asthma exacerbations and medicine use in nonelderly and elderly asthmatic patients, respectively. Classification of age-stratified asthma phenotypes may lead to precise identification of patients, which provides personalized disease management.

背景由于各种风险因素,哮喘已被确定为不同的表型。年龄差异可能会对哮喘表型产生潜在影响。我们的研究旨在确定按年龄划分的65岁以下或65岁以上成年人的潜在哮喘表型。方法我们招募了患有轻度至重度哮喘的非老年人(65 岁)(726 人)和老年人(≥65 岁)(201 人)。我们进行了因子分析,选出了 17 个变量。结果在非老年和老年成人哮喘患者中发现了三个具有不同特征的群组。在非老年患者组中,第 2 组(肥胖、中性粒细胞表型)的哮喘恶化风险显著增加了 1.85 倍。与第 1 组(发病较晚、接触 LMW 且有白细胞血型)相比,第 3 组(发病较早、有过敏症、吸烟且以嗜酸性粒细胞为主)的哮喘恶化风险是第 1 组的 2.37 倍,口服皮质类固醇(OCS)的使用率也更高。在老年患者中,第 2 组的肺功能较差,且有更多的前吸烟者。在老年组中,第 3 组(发病早、哮喘持续时间长)的白细胞血型百分比最低。我们在非老年哮喘患者和老年哮喘患者中分别发现了具有异质性特征、哮喘恶化和药物使用的三种不同表型。对年龄分层的哮喘表型进行分类可准确识别患者,从而提供个性化的疾病管理。
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引用次数: 0
15-Hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid induces nasal congestion by changing vascular functions in mice 15-羟基二十碳三烯酸通过改变小鼠的血管功能诱发鼻塞。
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.12.007
Noriko Ozaki , Naoaki Sakamoto , Daiki Horikami , Yuri Tachibana , Nanae Nagata , Koji Kobayashi , Yoshino Taira Arai , Masayoshi Sone , Kazuhiro Hirayama , Takahisa Murata

Background

Nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by vascular hyperpermeability and vascular relaxation of the nasal mucosa. We previously detected high levels of a lipoxygenation metabolite of dihomogammalinolenic acid, 15-hydroxy-8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) in the nasal lavage fluid of AR model mice. Here, we investigated the effects of 15-HETrE on vascular functions associated with nasal congestion.

Methods

We measured 15-HETrE levels in the nasal lavage fluid of ovalbumin-induced AR model mice and nasal discharge of patients with AR. We also assessed nasal congestion and vascular relaxation in mice. Vascular contractility was investigated using isolated mouse aortas.

Results

Five ovalbumin challenges increased 15-HETrE levels in AR model mice. 15-HETrE was also detected in patients who exhibiting AR-related symptoms. Intranasal administration of 15-HETrE elicited dyspnea-related behavior and decreased the nasal cavity volume in mice. Miles assay and whole-mount immunostaining revealed that 15-HETrE administration caused vascular hyperpermeability and relaxation of the nasal mucosa. Intravital imaging demonstrated that 15-HETrE relaxed the ear vessels that were precontracted via thromboxane receptor stimulation. Moreover, 15-HETrE dilated the isolated mouse aortas, and this effect was attenuated by K+ channel inhibitors and prostaglandin D2 (DP) and prostacyclin (IP) receptor antagonists. Additionally, vasodilatory effects of 15-HETrE were accompanied by an increase in intracellular cAMP levels.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that 15-HETrE, whose levels are elevated in the nasal cavity upon AR, can be a novel lipid mediator that exacerbates nasal congestion. Moreover, it can stimulate DP and IP receptors and downstream K+ channels to dilate the nasal mucosal vasculature.

背景:过敏性鼻炎(AR)的鼻塞是由鼻粘膜血管高渗透性和血管松弛引起的。我们以前曾在 AR 模型小鼠的鼻腔灌洗液中检测到高浓度的二氢骆驼蓬烯酸脂氧代谢产物--15-羟基-8Z,11Z,13E-二十碳三烯酸(15-HETrE)。在此,我们研究了 15-HETrE 对与鼻塞相关的血管功能的影响:方法:我们测量了卵清蛋白诱导的 AR 模型小鼠鼻腔灌洗液和 AR 患者鼻腔分泌物中的 15-HETrE 水平。我们还评估了小鼠的鼻塞和血管松弛情况。使用离体小鼠主动脉对血管收缩性进行了研究:结果:五次卵清蛋白挑战增加了 AR 模型小鼠的 15-HETrE 水平。在出现 AR 相关症状的患者体内也检测到了 15-HETrE。鼻内注射 15-HETrE 会引起小鼠呼吸困难相关行为,并减少鼻腔容积。迈尔斯测定和全图免疫染色显示,15-HETrE 会导致血管高渗透性和鼻黏膜松弛。肉眼成像显示,15-HETrE 使预先收缩的耳血管在血栓素受体的刺激下松弛。此外,15-HETrE 还能扩张离体小鼠主动脉,K+ 通道抑制剂、前列腺素 D2(DP)和前列环素(IP)受体拮抗剂可减轻这种效应。此外,15-HETrE 的血管扩张作用还伴随着细胞内 cAMP 水平的增加:我们的研究结果表明,15-HETrE 是一种新型脂质介质,可加剧鼻塞。此外,它还能刺激 DP 和 IP 受体及下游 K+ 通道,从而扩张鼻粘膜血管。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling the link between atopic dermatitis and autoimmune diseases in children: Insights from a large-scale cohort study with 15-year follow-up and shared gene ontology analysis 揭示儿童特应性皮炎与自身免疫性疾病之间的联系:一项为期 15 年的大规模队列研究和共享基因本体分析的启示。
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.12.005
Jungho Ahn , Seungyong Shin , Gi Chun Lee , Bo Eun Han , Eun Lee , Eun Kyo Ha , Jeewon Shin , Won Seok Lee , Ju Hee Kim , Man Yong Han

Background

Atopic dermatitis and autoimmune diseases are highly heritable conditions that may co-occur from an early age.

Methods

The primary study is a national administrative cohort study involving 499,428 children born in 2002, tracked until 2017. Atopic dermatitis was defined as five or more principal diagnoses of atopic dermatitis and two or more topical steroid prescriptions. We estimated the risks for the occurrence of 41 autoimmune diseases, controlling for risk factors. In addition, we sourced a gene library from the National Library of Medicine to conduct a comprehensive gene ontology. We used Gene Weaver to identify gene set similarity and clustering, and used GeneMania to generate a network for shared genes.

Results

Exposed and unexposed groups included 39,832 and 159,328 children, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 12 years, the exposed group had an increased risk of autoimmune disease (hazard ratio, 1.27 [95 % confidence interval, 1.23–1.32]) compared to the unexposed group. The hazard ratios of autoimmune illnesses consistently increased with two- and five years lag times and alternative atopic dermatitis definitions. Shared genes between atopic dermatitis and autoimmune diseases were associated with comorbidities such as asthma, bronchiolitis, and specific infections. Genetic interactions of these shared genes revealed clustering in Th1, Th2, Th17, and non-classifiable pathways.

Conclusions

Atopic dermatitis was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent autoimmune disease. we identified the genetically associated disease in atopic dermatitis patients comorbid with autoimmune disease and demonstrated a genetic network between atopic dermatitis and autoimmune diseases.

背景:特应性皮炎和自身免疫性疾病是高度遗传性疾病,可能从小就同时发生:主要研究是一项全国行政队列研究,涉及 2002 年出生的 499,428 名儿童,追踪至 2017 年。特应性皮炎的定义是五次或五次以上的特应性皮炎主要诊断和两次或两次以上的局部类固醇处方。在控制风险因素的前提下,我们估算了 41 种自身免疫性疾病的发病风险。此外,我们还从美国国家医学图书馆获取了一个基因库,以进行全面的基因本体研究。我们使用 Gene Weaver 来识别基因组的相似性和聚类,并使用 GeneMania 生成共享基因网络:暴露组和未暴露组分别包括 39 832 名和 159 328 名儿童。在平均 12 年的随访期间,与未暴露组相比,暴露组患自身免疫性疾病的风险增加(危险比为 1.27 [95 % 置信区间为 1.23-1.32])。自身免疫性疾病的危险比随着两年和五年的滞后时间以及特应性皮炎的其他定义而不断增加。特应性皮炎和自身免疫性疾病之间的共享基因与哮喘、支气管炎和特定感染等合并症有关。这些共有基因之间的遗传相互作用显示了Th1、Th2、Th17和不可分类途径的聚集:我们确定了特应性皮炎患者合并自身免疫性疾病的遗传相关疾病,并展示了特应性皮炎与自身免疫性疾病之间的遗传网络。
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引用次数: 0
Association of allergies in children younger than 3 years with levels of maternal intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or fish during pregnancy: A nationwide birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children's Study 3 岁以下儿童的过敏症与母亲在怀孕期间摄入的 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸或鱼类的水平有关:一项全国性出生队列研究--日本环境与儿童研究
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.12.004
Sayaka Tsuji , Yuichi Adachi , Akiko Tsuchida , Kei Hamazaki , Kenta Matsumura , Hidekuni Inadera

Background

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties and are expected to prevent the onset of allergies. However, epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between child allergies and maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish have yielded inconsistent results.

Methods

Following exclusions from a dataset comprising 103,057 records from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 72,105 participants were divided into five groups according to mothers' intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish during pregnancy to assess the risk of their children being diagnosed with allergy by 3 years old. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for child allergies were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analyses with reference to the lowest intake group.

Results

Levels of maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish showed inverted associations (i.e., reduced risk) with the incidence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or parent-reported symptoms of current rhinitis with eye symptoms at different time points and the cumulative incidence from birth to 3 years of age. Inverted associations were also found for current wheeze at 1-<2 years of age and current eczema at 1-<2 and 0-<3 years of age. However, for food allergies, no significant associations were observed in the incidence in each group compared with the lowest intake group at any age.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that n-3 PUFA intake during pregnancy may reduce the risk of developing allergic diseases and symptoms in children. In addition, consumption of n-3 PUFAs or fish is very unlikely to increase the risk of allergy given that the results are from a country with high fish consumption. Trial registration: UMIN000030786 https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/detail/um?trial_id=UMIN000030786.

背景n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)具有抗炎特性,有望预防过敏症的发生。方法从日本环境与儿童研究(Japan Environment and Children's Study)的 103,057 个记录数据集中排除后,根据母亲在怀孕期间摄入 n-3 PUFAs 或鱼类的情况将 72,105 名参与者分为五组,以评估其子女在 3 岁前被诊断出过敏的风险。结果母亲的 n-3 PUFAs 或鱼类摄入量水平与不同时间点医生诊断的过敏性鼻结膜炎发病率或家长报告的当前鼻炎症状和眼部症状以及从出生到 3 岁的累积发病率呈倒置关系(即风险降低)。1-<2 岁时的喘息和 1-<2 岁及 0-<3 岁时的湿疹也存在反向关联。结论 研究结果表明,孕期摄入 n-3 PUFA 可降低儿童患过敏性疾病和过敏症状的风险。此外,鉴于研究结果来自一个鱼类消费量较高的国家,因此食用 n-3 PUFA 或鱼类不太可能增加过敏风险。试验注册:umin000030786 https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/detail/um?trial_id=UMIN000030786。
{"title":"Association of allergies in children younger than 3 years with levels of maternal intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or fish during pregnancy: A nationwide birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children's Study","authors":"Sayaka Tsuji ,&nbsp;Yuichi Adachi ,&nbsp;Akiko Tsuchida ,&nbsp;Kei Hamazaki ,&nbsp;Kenta Matsumura ,&nbsp;Hidekuni Inadera","doi":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alit.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties and are expected to prevent the onset of allergies. However, epidemiological studies investigating the relationship between child allergies and maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish have yielded inconsistent results.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Following exclusions from a dataset comprising 103,057 records from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 72,105 participants were divided into five groups according to mothers' intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish during pregnancy to assess the risk of their children being diagnosed with allergy by 3 years old. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for child allergies were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analyses with reference to the lowest intake group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Levels of maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish showed inverted associations (i.e., reduced risk) with the incidence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or parent-reported symptoms of current rhinitis with eye symptoms at different time points and the cumulative incidence from birth to 3 years of age. Inverted associations were also found for current wheeze at 1-&lt;2 years of age and current eczema at 1-&lt;2 and 0-&lt;3 years of age. However, for food allergies, no significant associations were observed in the incidence in each group compared with the lowest intake group at any age.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings suggest that n-3 PUFA intake during pregnancy may reduce the risk of developing allergic diseases and symptoms in children. In addition, consumption of n-3 PUFAs or fish is very unlikely to increase the risk of allergy given that the results are from a country with high fish consumption. <em>Trial registration</em>: UMIN000030786 <span>https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/detail/um?trial_id=UMIN000030786</span><svg><path></path></svg>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48861,"journal":{"name":"Allergology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893023001399/pdfft?md5=a8dfb91dcfe73f986ecbddd82c6cd71d&pid=1-s2.0-S1323893023001399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139464561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increased allergic episodes induced by Japanese apricot following the Cupressaceae pollen season in adult patients mono-sensitized to Pru p 7 对 Pru p 7 单体过敏的成年患者在濯缨科花粉季节后由日本杏诱发的过敏发作增多
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.09.002
Yuto Hamada , Nobuyuki Maruyama , Akemi Saito , Maki Iwata , Yuto Nakamura , Yosuke Kamide , Kiyoshi Sekiya , Jonas Lidholm , Yuma Fukutomi
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引用次数: 0
Insights from the COCOA birth cohort: The origins of childhood allergic diseases and future perspectives COCOA出生队列的见解:儿童过敏性疾病的起源和未来展望。
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.09.005
Eun Lee , So-Yeon Lee , Hyo-Bin Kim , Song-I Yang , Jisun Yoon , Dong In Suh , Hea Young Oh , Kangmo Ahn , Kyung Won Kim , Youn Ho Shin , Soo-Jong Hong

The ongoing COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA) study is a prospective birth cohort investigating the origin and natural courses of childhood allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis and asthma, with long-term prognosis. Initiated under the premise that allergic diseases result from a complex interplay of immune development alterations, environmental exposures, and host susceptibility, the COCOA study explores these dynamic interactions during prenatal and postnatal periods, framed within the hygiene and microbial hypotheses alongside the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. The scope of the COCOA study extends to genetic predispositions, indoor and outdoor environmental variables affecting mothers and their offsprings such as outdoor and indoor air pollution, psychological factors, diets, and the microbiomes of skin, gut, and airway. We have embarked on in-depth investigations of diverse risk factors and the pathophysiological underpinnings of allergic diseases. By employing multi-omics approaches—proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics—we gain deeper insights into the distinct pathophysiological processes across various endotypes of childhood allergic diseases, incorporating the exposome using extensive resources within the COCOA study. Integration with large-scale datasets, such as national health insurance records, enhances robustness and mitigates potential limitations inherent to birth cohort studies. As part of global networks focused on childhood allergic diseases, the COCOA study fosters collaborative research across multiple cohorts. The findings from the COCOA study are instrumental in informing precision medicine strategies for childhood allergic diseases, underpinning the establishment of disease trajectories.

正在进行的哮喘和过敏性疾病儿童起源(COCOA)研究是一项前瞻性出生队列研究,调查儿童过敏性疾病的起源和自然病程,包括特应性皮炎、食物过敏、过敏性鼻炎和哮喘,并具有长期预后。在过敏性疾病是由免疫发育改变、环境暴露和宿主易感性的复杂相互作用引起的前提下,COCOA研究在卫生和微生物假说以及健康和疾病的发育起源(DOHaD)假说的框架内,探索了产前和产后的这些动态相互作用。COCOA研究的范围扩展到遗传易感性、影响母亲及其后代的室内外环境变量,如室外和室内空气污染、心理因素、饮食以及皮肤、肠道和气道的微生物组。我们已经开始深入研究过敏性疾病的各种危险因素和病理生理基础。通过采用多组学方法——蛋白质组学、转录组学和代谢组学,我们对儿童过敏性疾病的各种内型的不同病理生理过程有了更深入的了解,并利用COCOA研究中的广泛资源整合了暴露组。与大规模数据集(如国家医疗保险记录)的集成增强了稳健性,并缓解了出生队列研究固有的潜在局限性。作为专注于儿童过敏性疾病的全球网络的一部分,COCOA研究促进了多个队列的合作研究。COCOA研究的结果有助于为儿童过敏性疾病的精准医学策略提供信息,为疾病轨迹的建立奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Association of allergic disease with Parkinson's disease: A nationally representative retrospective cohort study 过敏性疾病与帕金森病的关系:一项具有全国代表性的回顾性队列研究
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.07.005
Ji Yoon Nam , Sun Jae Park , Jihun Song , Seogsong Jeong , Seulggie Choi , Sang Min Park

Background

The association of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk is yet unclear. In the few preceding studies, a short follow-up duration was followed for a relatively small study population, and lifestyle behaviors were not adjusted for. Therefore, there is a need for large-scale observation studies on the association of allergic disease with PD risk after considering lifestyle behaviors.

Methods

The study population consisted of 398,936 participants aged 40 years or older who underwent health screening before 1 January 2005 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Starting from 1 January 2005, all participants were followed up until the date of PD event, death, or 31 December 2019. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of PD were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Compared to non-allergic disease participants, allergic disease patients had a higher risk for PD (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07–1.30) and especially, allergic rhinitis patients had a higher risk for PD (aHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00–1.29). Allergic disease was associated with a higher risk for PD (aHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.52) among participants who were never smokers, did not consume alcohol, and exercised regularly.

Conclusions

Allergic rhinitis was associated with a higher risk for PD compared to participants without allergic rhinitis. This risk-increasing association of allergic rhinitis with PD was preserved even among people with healthy lifestyle behaviors.

背景过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和特应性皮炎等过敏性疾病与帕金森病(PD)风险的关系尚不清楚。在之前的少数研究中,对相对较少的研究人群进行的随访持续时间较短,且未对生活方式行为进行调整。因此,有必要在考虑生活方式行为后,对过敏性疾病与帕金森病风险的相关性进行大规模的观察研究。方法研究人群包括韩国国民健康保险服务数据库中 2005 年 1 月 1 日前接受健康检查的 398936 名 40 岁及以上的参与者。自 2005 年 1 月 1 日起,对所有参与者进行了随访,直至发生 PD 事件、死亡或 2019 年 12 月 31 日。结果与非过敏性疾病患者相比,过敏性疾病患者罹患帕金森病的风险更高(aHR 1.18,95% CI 1.07-1.30),尤其是过敏性鼻炎患者罹患帕金森病的风险更高(aHR 1.14,95% CI 1.00-1.29)。在从不吸烟、不饮酒和经常锻炼的参与者中,过敏性疾病与更高的帕金森病风险相关(aHR 1.24,95% CI 1.01-1.52)。即使在有健康生活方式行为的人群中,过敏性鼻炎与帕金森病的这种风险升高关系仍然存在。
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引用次数: 0
Potential of MAIT cells to modulate asthma MAIT 细胞调节哮喘的潜力
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.07.006
Yasuo Shimizu , Chie Sugimoto , Hiroshi Wakao

Despite recent advances in asthma treatments, the search for novel therapies remains necessary because there are still patients with recurrent asthma exacerbations and poor responses to the existing treatments. Since group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) play a pivotal role in asthma by triggering and exacerbating type 2 inflammation, controlling ILC2s function is key to combating severe asthma. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells abundant in humans and are activated both in a T cell receptor-dependent and -independent manner. MAIT cells are composed of MAIT1 and MAIT17 based on the expression of transcription factors T-bet and RORγt, respectively. MAIT cells play pivotal roles in host defense against pathogens and in tissue repair and are essential for the maintenance of immunity and hemostasis. Our recent studies revealed that MAIT cells inhibit both ILC2 proliferation and functions in a mouse model of airway inflammation. MAIT cells may alleviate airway inflammation in two ways, by promoting airway epithelial cell barrier repair and by repressing ILC2s. Therefore, reagents that promote MAIT cell-mediated suppression of ILC2 proliferation and function, or designer MAIT cells (genetically engineered to suppress ILC2s or promote repair of airway damage), may be effective therapeutic agents for severe asthma.

尽管最近在哮喘治疗方面取得了进展,但仍有必要寻找新型疗法,因为仍有患者哮喘反复发作,对现有疗法反应不佳。由于第 2 组先天性淋巴细胞(ILC2)在哮喘中起着关键作用,会诱发和加重 2 型炎症,因此控制 ILC2 的功能是防治严重哮喘的关键。粘膜相关不变T细胞(MAIT)是人类中大量存在的先天性类T细胞,可通过依赖和不依赖T细胞受体的方式被激活。MAIT 细胞由 MAIT1 和 MAIT17 组成,分别基于转录因子 T-bet 和 RORγt 的表达。MAIT 细胞在宿主抵御病原体和组织修复中发挥着关键作用,是维持免疫和止血的必要细胞。我们最近的研究发现,在气道炎症小鼠模型中,MAIT 细胞可抑制 ILC2 的增殖和功能。MAIT 细胞可通过促进气道上皮细胞屏障修复和抑制 ILC2 两种方式缓解气道炎症。因此,促进 MAIT 细胞介导的 ILC2 增殖和功能抑制的试剂,或设计 MAIT 细胞(通过基因工程抑制 ILC2 或促进气道损伤修复),可能是治疗严重哮喘的有效药物。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of raw seafood on the risk of hypersensitivity reaction recurrence in patients with an Anisakis allergy: A retrospective observational study in Japan 生食海鲜对疟原虫过敏患者过敏反应复发风险的影响:日本的一项回顾性观察研究
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.002
Yuto Hamada , Eiji Nakatani , Kentaro Watai , Maki Iwata , Yuto Nakamura , Kai Ryu , Yosuke Kamide , Kiyoshi Sekiya , Yuma Fukutomi
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引用次数: 0
Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of delgocitinib ointment in infants with atopic dermatitis: A phase 3, open-label, and long-term study 德尔戈西替尼软膏对特应性皮炎婴儿的安全性、有效性和药代动力学:一项三期开放标签长期研究
IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.04.003
Hidemi Nakagawa , Atsuyuki Igarashi , Hidehisa Saeki , Kenji Kabashima , Tomomi Tamaki , Hironobu Kaino , Yasushi Miwa

Background

Delgocitinib ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, is used as treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) aged ≥2 years in Japan. Although initiating appropriate and early treatment upon the onset of AD in childhood is important, the safety and efficacy of delgocitinib ointment in infants with AD have not been established.

Methods

This phase 3 study was conducted from October 2020 to June 2022 (number JapicCTI-205412). Eligible Japanese infants with AD aged 6 to <24 months received 0.25% or 0.5% of delgocitinib ointment twice daily for 52 weeks in an open-label uncontrolled manner. Topical corticosteroids were allowed to apply for worsening AD during the treatment period at the investigators’ discretion.

Results

A total of 22 infants were enrolled. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 21 (95.5%) infants and were mostly mild. No treatment-related AEs were reported. The Modified Eczema Area and Severity Index (mEASI) score continuously decreased until week 4, and the score reduction was maintained until week 52. The mean percent changes in the mEASI score from baseline were −73.5% at week 4, −81.7% at week 28, and −81.9% at week 52. Delgocitinib was not detected in the plasma of most infants (68.2%–95.2%).

Conclusions

Delgocitinib ointment is well tolerated and effective for up to 52 weeks when applied to Japanese infants with AD.

背景德尔戈西替尼软膏是一种局部Janus激酶抑制剂,在日本被用于治疗年龄≥2岁的特应性皮炎(AD)患者。尽管在儿童 AD 发病时尽早开始适当的治疗非常重要,但德尔戈西替尼软膏对 AD 婴儿的安全性和有效性尚未确定。符合条件的6至24个月大的日本AD婴儿在开放标签、无对照的情况下接受0.25%或0.5%的delgocitinib软膏治疗,每天两次,为期52周。在治疗期间,如果AD病情恶化,研究人员可酌情使用局部皮质类固醇激素。21名婴儿(95.5%)出现了不良反应(AEs),大部分为轻微不良反应。未报告与治疗相关的不良反应。改良湿疹面积和严重程度指数(mEASI)评分在第4周前持续下降,降分幅度一直保持到第52周。与基线相比,第4周mEASI评分的平均变化百分比为-73.5%,第28周为-81.7%,第52周为-81.9%。大多数婴儿(68.2%-95.2%)的血浆中未检测到地尔戈西替尼。
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引用次数: 2
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Allergology International
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