Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1957
Faisal Abbas, Babar Shahzad, Sabila Raees
Previous studies have primarily focused on issues related to income inequality, aiming to identify the underlying causes and urging swift action to mitigate such disparities. In this context, the current article expands upon existing literature by introducing the influence of corruption and institutional quality. This study contributes to the existing knowledge by investigating the interplay between institutional quality, corruption, and income inequality within SAARC countries spanning 2000 to 2021, sourced from World Governance Indicators, Transparency International, Global Consumption and Income Project, and World Development Indicators. After analysed the properties of data, FMOLS analytical approach employed. The empirical analysis validates the enduring effects of the examined factors on income inequality over the long term. The findings indicate that institutional quality exerts a notable and favorable influence in reducing income inequality. Conversely, corruption, the combined impact of corruption and institutional quality substantially and adversely affect income inequality. Addressing the imperative of ensuring an equitable income distribution across the SAARC economies necessitates implementing comprehensive strategies to foster enduring institutional quality and effectively manage corruption. Study’s conceptual and empirical advancements carry significant implications for policy formulation within this region. They offer valuable insights for the region’s endeavors to ameliorate income inequality. This study underscores the importance of measures to enhance institutional quality and combat corruption within SAARC countries. Such measures should be strategically designed to tackle income distribution challenges and promote greater equity.
{"title":"Institutional Quality, Corruption, and Income Inequality - A Panel Study of Selected SAARC Economies","authors":"Faisal Abbas, Babar Shahzad, Sabila Raees","doi":"10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1957","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have primarily focused on issues related to income inequality, aiming to identify the underlying causes and urging swift action to mitigate such disparities. In this context, the current article expands upon existing literature by introducing the influence of corruption and institutional quality. This study contributes to the existing knowledge by investigating the interplay between institutional quality, corruption, and income inequality within SAARC countries spanning 2000 to 2021, sourced from World Governance Indicators, Transparency International, Global Consumption and Income Project, and World Development Indicators. After analysed the properties of data, FMOLS analytical approach employed. The empirical analysis validates the enduring effects of the examined factors on income inequality over the long term. The findings indicate that institutional quality exerts a notable and favorable influence in reducing income inequality. Conversely, corruption, the combined impact of corruption and institutional quality substantially and adversely affect income inequality. Addressing the imperative of ensuring an equitable income distribution across the SAARC economies necessitates implementing comprehensive strategies to foster enduring institutional quality and effectively manage corruption. Study’s conceptual and empirical advancements carry significant implications for policy formulation within this region. They offer valuable insights for the region’s endeavors to ameliorate income inequality. This study underscores the importance of measures to enhance institutional quality and combat corruption within SAARC countries. Such measures should be strategically designed to tackle income distribution challenges and promote greater equity.","PeriodicalId":488798,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136038084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.2032
Christhoffer P Lelis, Neil Patrick S Muega, Jose Karlo T Caballero II
This study explored the foundational constructs of general knowledge concerning the principles of Islamic Finance, with a specific focus on college students majoring in Business, Finance, and Accountancy. Employing a combination of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the research identified and validated three distinct factors shaping this knowledge domain. The first factor, named “Risk Tolerance and Permissible Transactions,” looks at how well students understand financial risk and which transactions are allowed in Islamic finance. The second, “Shari’ah Foundation and Transparency,” highlights the importance of Shari’ah principles and transparency in financial dealings. The third, “Riba Prohibition and Ethical Finance,” strongly emphasizes the ban on Riba (interest) and unethical financial practices in Islamic finance. These factor names were chosen carefully to represent the main ideas in each category. Overall, this research contributes by creating a validated objective knowledge scale for Islamic Finance knowledge among students in Business, Finance, and Accountancy programs.
{"title":"Exploring the General Knowledge of Islamic Finance Principles - A Factor Analysis Study Among College Students","authors":"Christhoffer P Lelis, Neil Patrick S Muega, Jose Karlo T Caballero II","doi":"10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.2032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.2032","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the foundational constructs of general knowledge concerning the principles of Islamic Finance, with a specific focus on college students majoring in Business, Finance, and Accountancy. Employing a combination of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the research identified and validated three distinct factors shaping this knowledge domain. The first factor, named “Risk Tolerance and Permissible Transactions,” looks at how well students understand financial risk and which transactions are allowed in Islamic finance. The second, “Shari’ah Foundation and Transparency,” highlights the importance of Shari’ah principles and transparency in financial dealings. The third, “Riba Prohibition and Ethical Finance,” strongly emphasizes the ban on Riba (interest) and unethical financial practices in Islamic finance. These factor names were chosen carefully to represent the main ideas in each category. Overall, this research contributes by creating a validated objective knowledge scale for Islamic Finance knowledge among students in Business, Finance, and Accountancy programs.","PeriodicalId":488798,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1941
Boniface B Lihanda, Caroline Oloo, Fredrick O Aila
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of social innovation on the resilience of one-acre fund household livelihoods. Resilience is the ability to bounce back after a period of such shocks. . In that connection, there is a need to innovate alternatives that optimize resilience. Innovation has been studied in terms of technological innovation, business innovation, and or general innovation but not social innovation in connection to resilience. Social innovation uniquely matches resilience efforts at the vulnerable households’ level. However, this connection has not been studied rigorously. The findings revealed that social innovation contributed statistically significantly to resilience of one-acre fund household livelihoods (β =.832, p=.000) and accounted for 69.3% change in resilience of one-acre fund household livelihoods ΔR2=0.693, ΔF (1, 308) =167.748, p=.000.The study concluded that, if more emphasis is put in social innovation, more resilience of one-acre fund household livelihoods would be realized. Therefore, an enhanced leads to resilience for households’ livelihood. The study recommends that as a coping mechanism for food insecurity, farmers should adopt an acre fund model. this study advises the policymakers to consider the production of maize by use of one acre fund skills like social innovation to minimize the inefficiency levels and increase production by minimizing the cost of inputs and cost of capital The study highlights the applicability of social innovation in a new context and further facilitates creation of knowledge and growth of literature in the social innovation sphere.
{"title":"Social Innovation: An Impulsion for Resilience of One-Acre Fund Household Livelihoods in Kenya","authors":"Boniface B Lihanda, Caroline Oloo, Fredrick O Aila","doi":"10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1941","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of social innovation on the resilience of one-acre fund household livelihoods. Resilience is the ability to bounce back after a period of such shocks. . In that connection, there is a need to innovate alternatives that optimize resilience. Innovation has been studied in terms of technological innovation, business innovation, and or general innovation but not social innovation in connection to resilience. Social innovation uniquely matches resilience efforts at the vulnerable households’ level. However, this connection has not been studied rigorously. The findings revealed that social innovation contributed statistically significantly to resilience of one-acre fund household livelihoods (β =.832, p=.000) and accounted for 69.3% change in resilience of one-acre fund household livelihoods ΔR2=0.693, ΔF (1, 308) =167.748, p=.000.The study concluded that, if more emphasis is put in social innovation, more resilience of one-acre fund household livelihoods would be realized. Therefore, an enhanced leads to resilience for households’ livelihood. The study recommends that as a coping mechanism for food insecurity, farmers should adopt an acre fund model. this study advises the policymakers to consider the production of maize by use of one acre fund skills like social innovation to minimize the inefficiency levels and increase production by minimizing the cost of inputs and cost of capital The study highlights the applicability of social innovation in a new context and further facilitates creation of knowledge and growth of literature in the social innovation sphere.","PeriodicalId":488798,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1942
Boniface B Lihanda, Caroline Oloo, Fredrick O Aila
Entrepreneurial activities, especially social entrepreneurship, are acclaimed to foster resilience. A social entrepreneurship One Acre fund program was introduced in western Kenya to help improve maize production on one acre pieces of land occupied by many households. However, One Acre Fund households in Kakamega county still suffer deficiency in income growth, job creation, meeting health and education obligations of their families, food security, and payment of other family bills despite engaging all the social entrepreneurship strategies, Literature identifies five social entrepreneurship strategies that help in fostering resilience of household livelihoods. These are: system reform, physical capital development, individual empowerment, collective action, and earned income strategies. All five strategies are seldom studied together in relation to resilience of household livelihoods but their impacts are unknown. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyze demographic factors while inferential statistics-moderated multiple regression was used to analyze how social entrepreneurship strategies and social innovation are related to resilience of household livelihoods. The findings revealed that social entrepreneurship strategies statistically significantly contributed to resilience of One-Acre Fund household livelihoods with (β=.652, t(311)=15.103, p=.000) that accounted for 42.3% change in resilience of One-Acre Fund household livelihoods(R2=0.423,F(1,309=228.101, p=.000), The study recommends that as a coping mechanism to food insecurity, farmers should adopt one acre fund model. This study advises the policy makers to consider the production of maize by use of one-acre fund skills as a social entrepreneurship to minimize the inefficiency levels and increase production by minimizing the cost of inputs and cost of capital The study highlights the applicability of social entrepreneurship in a new context and further facilitates the creation of knowledge and growth of literature in social entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Social Entrepreneurship Strategies and Resilience of One-Acre Fund Household Livelihoods in Kenya","authors":"Boniface B Lihanda, Caroline Oloo, Fredrick O Aila","doi":"10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1942","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurial activities, especially social entrepreneurship, are acclaimed to foster resilience. A social entrepreneurship One Acre fund program was introduced in western Kenya to help improve maize production on one acre pieces of land occupied by many households. However, One Acre Fund households in Kakamega county still suffer deficiency in income growth, job creation, meeting health and education obligations of their families, food security, and payment of other family bills despite engaging all the social entrepreneurship strategies, Literature identifies five social entrepreneurship strategies that help in fostering resilience of household livelihoods. These are: system reform, physical capital development, individual empowerment, collective action, and earned income strategies. All five strategies are seldom studied together in relation to resilience of household livelihoods but their impacts are unknown. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyze demographic factors while inferential statistics-moderated multiple regression was used to analyze how social entrepreneurship strategies and social innovation are related to resilience of household livelihoods. The findings revealed that social entrepreneurship strategies statistically significantly contributed to resilience of One-Acre Fund household livelihoods with (β=.652, t(311)=15.103, p=.000) that accounted for 42.3% change in resilience of One-Acre Fund household livelihoods(R2=0.423,F(1,309=228.101, p=.000), The study recommends that as a coping mechanism to food insecurity, farmers should adopt one acre fund model. This study advises the policy makers to consider the production of maize by use of one-acre fund skills as a social entrepreneurship to minimize the inefficiency levels and increase production by minimizing the cost of inputs and cost of capital The study highlights the applicability of social entrepreneurship in a new context and further facilitates the creation of knowledge and growth of literature in social entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":488798,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1655
Omer Ibrahim Azouza, Khairi Ahmed R Masaud
Quality is the crucial factor that determines a company’s ability to compete in the marketplace and survive. However, developing production process management is one of the most critical factors affecting quality control. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of the development of production process management on quality control in the Iron and Steel industry in developing countries. A quantitative approach was utilized to achieve the study’s goals. A total of 384 employees working in Libyan Iron and Steel Company were sampled during the data collection stage of this study. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the impact of the development of production process management on quality control. The findings of this study showed a positive and significant impact of the development of production process management on quality control. This study offers practical implications, some recommendations for the direction of future research, as well as study limitations.
{"title":"Effect of Production Process Management on Quality Control in The Iron and Steel Industry in Libya","authors":"Omer Ibrahim Azouza, Khairi Ahmed R Masaud","doi":"10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1655","url":null,"abstract":"Quality is the crucial factor that determines a company’s ability to compete in the marketplace and survive. However, developing production process management is one of the most critical factors affecting quality control. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of the development of production process management on quality control in the Iron and Steel industry in developing countries. A quantitative approach was utilized to achieve the study’s goals. A total of 384 employees working in Libyan Iron and Steel Company were sampled during the data collection stage of this study. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the impact of the development of production process management on quality control. The findings of this study showed a positive and significant impact of the development of production process management on quality control. This study offers practical implications, some recommendations for the direction of future research, as well as study limitations.","PeriodicalId":488798,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135878742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1908
Ali Ahmad Kazimi, Saidal Khan, Ihsanullah Shorish
Servant leadership is one of the most important forms of leadership and some authors and experts even consider servant leaders to be among the best leaders. The purpose of this quantitative research study is to examine the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ servant leadership style and teacher job satisfaction. The target population of the study was teachers. There are eight public schools in this district; all are similar with respect to the school buildings, curricula, number of teachers and students, and their socioeconomic status. Two separate survey instruments were used for this study: Liden et al.’s (2008) Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ), which is a validated survey instrument that identifies seven dimensions of servant leadership characteristics. Mohrman et al.’s (1977) Mohrman–Cooke–Mohrman job satisfaction survey (MCMJSS) also was administered to measure the teachers’ job satisfaction. The data was formatted using Qualtrics survey software and all data were analyzed in SPSS v. 24. The results from the data analysis indicated that teachers do perceive their school leaders’ behavior reflects servant leadership characteristics and also showed a significant positive correlation between teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ servant leadership and their job satisfaction. The findings of this study indicate that the positive correlation between servant leadership and job satisfaction. This field of research can continue to examine if this relationship exists as an embedded part of specific cultures or if it is inherently true that those who lead through service contribute to a greater sense of job satisfaction despite any differences in job category, pay scales, or cultural differences. Moreover, the results were consistent with the theoretical framework with respect to servant leadership theory and job satisfaction, and with the results of previous research.
仆人式领导是最重要的领导形式之一，一些作家和专家甚至认为仆人式领导是最好的领导者之一。本研究旨在探讨教师对校长服务型领导风格的认知与教师工作满意度之间的关系。这项研究的目标人群是教师。这个地区有八所公立学校;在学校建筑、课程、教师和学生人数以及社会经济地位方面都是相似的。本研究使用了两种独立的调查工具:Liden et al.(2008)的仆人式领导问卷(SLQ)，这是一种经过验证的调查工具，确定了仆人式领导特征的七个维度。Mohrman et al.(1977)的Mohrman - cooke - Mohrman工作满意度调查(MCMJSS)也用于测量教师的工作满意度。使用Qualtrics调查软件格式化数据，并在SPSS v. 24中对所有数据进行分析。数据分析结果表明，教师确实感知到学校领导的行为体现了公仆式领导的特征，并且教师感知到校长公仆式领导的行为与其工作满意度之间存在显著的正相关关系。本研究结果显示，仆人式领导与工作满意度存在正相关。这一领域的研究可以继续检验这种关系是否作为特定文化的一个嵌入部分存在，或者那些通过服务领导的人是否固有地对工作满意度有更大的贡献，尽管工作类别、工资水平或文化差异存在任何差异。研究结果与仆人式领导理论和工作满意度的理论框架一致，与前人的研究结果一致。
{"title":"Effect of Servant Leadership Style on Teachers Job Satisfaction","authors":"Ali Ahmad Kazimi, Saidal Khan, Ihsanullah Shorish","doi":"10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v2i3.1908","url":null,"abstract":"Servant leadership is one of the most important forms of leadership and some authors and experts even consider servant leaders to be among the best leaders. The purpose of this quantitative research study is to examine the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ servant leadership style and teacher job satisfaction. The target population of the study was teachers. There are eight public schools in this district; all are similar with respect to the school buildings, curricula, number of teachers and students, and their socioeconomic status. Two separate survey instruments were used for this study: Liden et al.’s (2008) Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ), which is a validated survey instrument that identifies seven dimensions of servant leadership characteristics. Mohrman et al.’s (1977) Mohrman–Cooke–Mohrman job satisfaction survey (MCMJSS) also was administered to measure the teachers’ job satisfaction. The data was formatted using Qualtrics survey software and all data were analyzed in SPSS v. 24. The results from the data analysis indicated that teachers do perceive their school leaders’ behavior reflects servant leadership characteristics and also showed a significant positive correlation between teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ servant leadership and their job satisfaction. The findings of this study indicate that the positive correlation between servant leadership and job satisfaction. This field of research can continue to examine if this relationship exists as an embedded part of specific cultures or if it is inherently true that those who lead through service contribute to a greater sense of job satisfaction despite any differences in job category, pay scales, or cultural differences. Moreover, the results were consistent with the theoretical framework with respect to servant leadership theory and job satisfaction, and with the results of previous research.","PeriodicalId":488798,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135827413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.54536/ajebi.v2i2.1648
Dickson Utonga, Bahati N Ndoweka
This study examines the impact of financial development on inflation in Tanzania using time series data from 1980 to 2020. By employing the VECM analysis method, the study contributes to the existing literature on the relationship between financial development and inflation. The findings reveal that financial development has a significant long-run impact on inflation in Tanzania, resulting in a reduction in inflation in the country. However, in the short run, the impact of financial development on inflation is not statistically significant. Therefore, the study recommends that the government implement appropriate regulatory policies and supervise financial institutions to promote financial sector stability. Further, to promote financial sector stability, greater financial inclusion, higher investment, and economic growth, the government should improve financial market infrastructure, expand the coverage of financial institutions, and increase access to credit. Additionally, fostering the development of more efficient payment systems, particularly electronic payment systems, can mitigate expenses and potential risks associated with cash transactions. Moreover, promoting financial inclusion can reduce the need for cash and enhance the efficacy of monetary policy, serving as a preventive measure against inflationary pressures and unnecessary credit growth.
{"title":"Impact of Financial Development on Inflation in Tanzania: Empirical Evidence from the VECM Approach","authors":"Dickson Utonga, Bahati N Ndoweka","doi":"10.54536/ajebi.v2i2.1648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajebi.v2i2.1648","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of financial development on inflation in Tanzania using time series data from 1980 to 2020. By employing the VECM analysis method, the study contributes to the existing literature on the relationship between financial development and inflation. The findings reveal that financial development has a significant long-run impact on inflation in Tanzania, resulting in a reduction in inflation in the country. However, in the short run, the impact of financial development on inflation is not statistically significant. Therefore, the study recommends that the government implement appropriate regulatory policies and supervise financial institutions to promote financial sector stability. Further, to promote financial sector stability, greater financial inclusion, higher investment, and economic growth, the government should improve financial market infrastructure, expand the coverage of financial institutions, and increase access to credit. Additionally, fostering the development of more efficient payment systems, particularly electronic payment systems, can mitigate expenses and potential risks associated with cash transactions. Moreover, promoting financial inclusion can reduce the need for cash and enhance the efficacy of monetary policy, serving as a preventive measure against inflationary pressures and unnecessary credit growth.","PeriodicalId":488798,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135336155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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