Pub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1651
Leana Rossouw, C. Boshoff, C. Sabeta, J. Kotzé
Rabies is a disease caused by members of the genus Lyssavirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. The disease is fatal to humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates, following infection, once clinical signs are apparent. Late in infection rabies virus is found in the saliva and is usually transmitted by the bite of an infected animal (Swanepoel 2004). In South Africa, two genetically distinct and epizootiological groups of rabies virus are found, namely the canid rabies biotype and mongoose rabies biotype (Mansvelt 1962; Nel et al. 1997).
狂犬病是由狂犬病毒科狂犬病毒属成员引起的一种疾病。一旦出现明显的临床症状，这种疾病对人类和其他温血脊椎动物是致命的。在感染后期，狂犬病病毒存在于唾液中，通常通过受感染动物的咬伤传播(Swanepoel 2004)。在南非，发现了两种遗传上截然不同和流行病学上不同的狂犬病病毒群，即犬科狂犬病生物型和猫鼬狂犬病生物型(Mansvelt 1962;Nel et al. 1997)。
{"title":"A preliminary investigation of exposure to rabies virus in selected wildlife in the Kruger National Park, South Africa","authors":"Leana Rossouw, C. Boshoff, C. Sabeta, J. Kotzé","doi":"10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1651","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a disease caused by members of the genus Lyssavirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. The disease is fatal to humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates, following infection, once clinical signs are apparent. Late in infection rabies virus is found in the saliva and is usually transmitted by the bite of an infected animal (Swanepoel 2004). In South Africa, two genetically distinct and epizootiological groups of rabies virus are found, namely the canid rabies biotype and mongoose rabies biotype (Mansvelt 1962; Nel et al. 1997).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83758788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-11DOI: 10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1656
Charles W. Helm, H. Cawthra, R. Cowling, J. D. Vynck, M. Lockley, C. Marean, M. Dixon, C. J. Helm, W. Stear, Guy H. H. Thesen, J. Venter
{"title":"Protecting and preserving South African aeolianite surfaces from graffiti","authors":"Charles W. Helm, H. Cawthra, R. Cowling, J. D. Vynck, M. Lockley, C. Marean, M. Dixon, C. J. Helm, W. Stear, Guy H. H. Thesen, J. Venter","doi":"10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84582284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1655
W. Nieman, B. V. van Wilgen, A. Leslie
Savannas are characterised by the co-dominance of woody plants and grasses, in which trees that are at least 2 metres (m) tall occur above a grassy layer between 0.5 m and 2 m (Scholes & Walker 1993). Frequent natural fires have historically been reported in African savannas during the dry season, and have played an important role in shaping the composition and structure of these ecosystems (Bond 2019). The importance of fire in maintaining vegetation in savanna is thus well recognised (Archibald et al. 2017), especially in terms of ensuring the continued co-existence of woody and herbaceous plants (Archibald et al. 2013).
稀树草原的特点是木本植物和禾草共同占主导地位，其中至少2米(m)高的树木出现在0.5米到2米之间的草层之上(Scholes & Walker 1993)。历史上，非洲稀树草原在旱季经常发生自然火灾，并在塑造这些生态系统的组成和结构方面发挥了重要作用(Bond 2019)。因此，火在维持热带稀树草原植被方面的重要性得到了广泛认可(Archibald et al. 2017)，特别是在确保木本植物和草本植物持续共存方面(Archibald et al. 2013)。
{"title":"A review of fire management practices in African savanna-protected areas","authors":"W. Nieman, B. V. van Wilgen, A. Leslie","doi":"10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1655","url":null,"abstract":"Savannas are characterised by the co-dominance of woody plants and grasses, in which trees that are at least 2 metres (m) tall occur above a grassy layer between 0.5 m and 2 m (Scholes & Walker 1993). Frequent natural fires have historically been reported in African savannas during the dry season, and have played an important role in shaping the composition and structure of these ecosystems (Bond 2019). The importance of fire in maintaining vegetation in savanna is thus well recognised (Archibald et al. 2017), especially in terms of ensuring the continued co-existence of woody and herbaceous plants (Archibald et al. 2013).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"1 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79925750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1647
Reitumetse M.H. Sethaba, M. Scholes
The term ‘heritage’ is used loosely to describe everything that is inherited or handed down to future generations from the past (Lowenthal 2005). Natural heritage resources usually refer to land, water, animals and plants. Cultural heritage resources include buildings, art, traditions and practices of cultural and historical value (Lowenthal 2005). Heritage can also be described as tangible ‘a monument, group of buildings, or site of historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological or anthropological value’ (Kirshenblatt-Gimblett 2004); or intangible such as ‘all forms of traditional and popular culture such as collective works originating in a given community, and based on tradition’ including music, dance and traditional medicine (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Civallero 2007; UNESCO 1989).
{"title":"Management guidelines for the conservation of heritage resources in Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga","authors":"Reitumetse M.H. Sethaba, M. Scholes","doi":"10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/KOEDOE.V63I1.1647","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘heritage’ is used loosely to describe everything that is inherited or handed down to future generations from the past (Lowenthal 2005). Natural heritage resources usually refer to land, water, animals and plants. Cultural heritage resources include buildings, art, traditions and practices of cultural and historical value (Lowenthal 2005). Heritage can also be described as tangible ‘a monument, group of buildings, or site of historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological or anthropological value’ (Kirshenblatt-Gimblett 2004); or intangible such as ‘all forms of traditional and popular culture such as collective works originating in a given community, and based on tradition’ including music, dance and traditional medicine (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Civallero 2007; UNESCO 1989).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"9 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85579625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1649
G. O’Brien
Fish are well established around the world as indicators of ecological integrity (Harrison & Whitfield 2006; Mims & Olden 2013; Sosa-López et al. 2005). Similar to other aquatic organisms, fish species face several challenges from the environment they occur in and are subject to a plethora of stressors, both natural and anthropogenic (Du Plessis 2019; O’Brien et al. 2018). The ever-increasing anthropogenic pressures have generally led to a steady decline in aquatic organisms, including fish species (Dudgeon 2014; Rodell et al. 2018). Fish kills and population declines are often reported worldwide as a result of deteriorating aquatic ecosystems (Ferreira & Pienaar 2011; Thronson & Quigg 2008). This deterioration has been attributed to several factors, including river fragmentation, flow modification, pollution, the introduction of alien species and global climate change (De Moor 1996; Ellender & Weyl 2014; O’Brien et al. 2019). Fish make use of the available physical habitat as refugia, for feeding and spawning, and as nurseries for their offspring (Godin 1997; O’Brien et al. 2013). Maintaining these environments is essential, but they are often inaccessible and difficult to sample, making observations hard to Increase in anthropogenic pressures on freshwater ecosystems, globally and locally in South Africa, has made it difficult to meet environmental flow requirements and maintain these systems. The Letaba-Olifants catchment is one such example, where the upstream water demands place pressure on the river downstream as it flows through the Kruger National Park. We used the activity rates of Hydrocynus vittatus as a line of evidence to assess (1) the effects of telemeter tagging on their activity rates in three potential post-tagging recovery periods and (2) their vulnerability to predation and the causality related to the environmental stressors placed on the river catchment in the Olifants River Gorge, Kruger National Park, South Africa. We determined H. vittatus activity rates as locomotive movement using radio telemetry methods linked remotely to an online data management system. We telemeter tagged nine individuals from 08 May to 28 June 2018. However, only seven fish were successfully tracked for the duration of our study, and two individuals moved out of range of the remote network shortly after release and could not be located. The tagged H. vittatus individuals were found to have reduced activity at least within the first 7 days after tagging compared with the time after that. The results showed that three individuals were preyed on by predators after the tagging procedure recovery period. This coincided with abnormal low flow conditions, where the Letaba River ran dry. African fish eagles Haliaeestus vocifer were the only confirmed predator, whilst predation by other species was also evident.
鱼类在世界各地被公认为生态完整性的指标(Harrison & Whitfield 2006;mim & Olden 2013;Sosa-López et al. 2005)。与其他水生生物类似，鱼类面临着来自它们所处环境的若干挑战，并受到大量自然和人为压力因素的影响(Du Plessis 2019;O 'Brien et al. 2018)。不断增加的人为压力通常导致包括鱼类在内的水生生物数量稳步下降(Dudgeon 2014;Rodell et al. 2018)。由于水生生态系统恶化，世界范围内经常报告鱼类死亡和种群下降(Ferreira & Pienaar 2011;Thronson & Quigg 2008)。这种恶化可归因于几个因素，包括河流破碎化、流量改变、污染、外来物种的引入和全球气候变化(De Moor 1996;Ellender & Weyl 2014;O 'Brien et al. 2019)。鱼类利用现有的自然栖息地作为避难所，觅食和产卵，并作为其后代的苗圃(Godin 1997;O’brien et al. 2013)。维持这些环境是至关重要的，但它们往往难以进入，也难以取样，因此很难进行观察。全球和南非当地淡水生态系统的人为压力增加，使得难以满足环境流量要求和维持这些系统。Letaba-Olifants集水区就是这样一个例子，上游的水需求给流经克鲁格国家公园的下游河流施加了压力。本研究以水cynus vittatus的活动率为证据，评估(1)遥测标记对其在三个潜在的标记后恢复期的活动率的影响;(2)它们对捕食的脆弱性以及与南非克鲁格国家公园Olifants河峡谷流域环境压力相关的因果关系。我们使用无线电遥测方法与在线数据管理系统远程连接，确定了H. vittatus的活动率。我们从2018年5月8日至6月28日对9人进行了遥测标记。然而，在我们的研究期间，只有7条鱼被成功跟踪，有两条鱼在释放后不久就离开了远程网络的范围，无法定位。与标记后的时间相比，至少在标记后的前7天内，被标记的维氏天牛个体的活动有所减少。结果表明，在标记过程恢复期后，有3只个体被捕食者捕食。这与异常的低流量条件相吻合，在那里，莱塔巴河干涸了。非洲海雕是唯一确认的捕食者，同时其他物种的捕食也很明显。
{"title":"Assessing the effect of tagging and the vulnerability to predation in tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus, Castelnau 1861) in a water-stressed system using telemetry methods","authors":"G. O’Brien","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1649","url":null,"abstract":"Fish are well established around the world as indicators of ecological integrity (Harrison & Whitfield 2006; Mims & Olden 2013; Sosa-López et al. 2005). Similar to other aquatic organisms, fish species face several challenges from the environment they occur in and are subject to a plethora of stressors, both natural and anthropogenic (Du Plessis 2019; O’Brien et al. 2018). The ever-increasing anthropogenic pressures have generally led to a steady decline in aquatic organisms, including fish species (Dudgeon 2014; Rodell et al. 2018). Fish kills and population declines are often reported worldwide as a result of deteriorating aquatic ecosystems (Ferreira & Pienaar 2011; Thronson & Quigg 2008). This deterioration has been attributed to several factors, including river fragmentation, flow modification, pollution, the introduction of alien species and global climate change (De Moor 1996; Ellender & Weyl 2014; O’Brien et al. 2019). Fish make use of the available physical habitat as refugia, for feeding and spawning, and as nurseries for their offspring (Godin 1997; O’Brien et al. 2013). Maintaining these environments is essential, but they are often inaccessible and difficult to sample, making observations hard to Increase in anthropogenic pressures on freshwater ecosystems, globally and locally in South Africa, has made it difficult to meet environmental flow requirements and maintain these systems. The Letaba-Olifants catchment is one such example, where the upstream water demands place pressure on the river downstream as it flows through the Kruger National Park. We used the activity rates of Hydrocynus vittatus as a line of evidence to assess (1) the effects of telemeter tagging on their activity rates in three potential post-tagging recovery periods and (2) their vulnerability to predation and the causality related to the environmental stressors placed on the river catchment in the Olifants River Gorge, Kruger National Park, South Africa. We determined H. vittatus activity rates as locomotive movement using radio telemetry methods linked remotely to an online data management system. We telemeter tagged nine individuals from 08 May to 28 June 2018. However, only seven fish were successfully tracked for the duration of our study, and two individuals moved out of range of the remote network shortly after release and could not be located. The tagged H. vittatus individuals were found to have reduced activity at least within the first 7 days after tagging compared with the time after that. The results showed that three individuals were preyed on by predators after the tagging procedure recovery period. This coincided with abnormal low flow conditions, where the Letaba River ran dry. African fish eagles Haliaeestus vocifer were the only confirmed predator, whilst predation by other species was also evident.","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90940957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1659
A. Blackmore
{"title":"Erratum: Climate change and the ownership of game: A concern for fenced wildlife areas","authors":"A. Blackmore","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80966775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1642
Manish Ramjeawon, M. Demlie, M. Toucher, S. Rensburg
Changes in land use and land cover over time and space indicate socioeconomic change. Population growth and consequent demand for economic development have increased the conversion of natural vegetation. The KwaZulu-Natal Province has experienced an accumulated transformation of 45.6% of natural vegetation between 1994 and 2008 (Jewitt 2012:12). One area that has been affected by land cover transformation is the Maputaland Coastal Plain (MCP) located in the north-east of the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa, which is rich in biodiversity and other natural resources (Orimoloye et al. 2019:3). The MCP has several wetlands, lakes and game reserves, which play an integral role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. The largest freshwater lake in South Africa, Lake Sibayi, and the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which is a renowned Ramsar and World Heritage site, are located within the MCP (Weitz & Demlie 2014:1). However, recent studies indicated that surface waters and wetland systems in the MCP are under severe threat because of plantations and water extraction (Everson et al. 2019:1; Orimoloye et al. 2019:9; Smithers et al. 2017:490). A large part of the Lake Sibayi catchment area is covered by plantations (Everson et al. 2019:34; Weitz & Demlie 2014:1). Mbazwana and Manzegwena, the two largest plantations, cover approximately 8500 and 15 000 ha, respectively, and were established in the 1960s by the KwaZulu Department of Forestry (SA Forestry 2012:1).
土地利用和土地覆盖随时间和空间的变化反映了社会经济的变化。人口增长和随之而来的经济发展需求增加了自然植被的转换。夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省在1994年至2008年期间经历了45.6%自然植被的累计转变(Jewitt 2012:12)。受土地覆盖变化影响的一个地区是位于南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省东北部的马普塔兰沿海平原(MCP)，该地区拥有丰富的生物多样性和其他自然资源(Orimoloye et al. 2019:3)。MCP有几个湿地、湖泊和野生动物保护区，在维持健康的生态系统方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。南非最大的淡水湖Sibayi湖和iSimangaliso湿地公园位于MCP内，该公园是著名的拉姆萨尔湿地和世界遗产(Weitz & Demlie 2014:1)。然而，最近的研究表明，由于人工林和取水，MCP的地表水和湿地系统受到严重威胁(Everson et al. 2019:1;Orimoloye等，2019:9;Smithers et al. 2017:490)。斯巴依湖集水区的很大一部分被种植园覆盖(Everson et al. 2019:34;Weitz & Demlie 2014:1)。Mbazwana和Manzegwena是两个最大的种植园，分别占地约8500公顷和15000公顷，由夸祖鲁林业部(SA Forestry 2012:1)于20世纪60年代建立。
{"title":"Analysis of three decades of land cover changes in the Maputaland Coastal Plain, South Africa","authors":"Manish Ramjeawon, M. Demlie, M. Toucher, S. Rensburg","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1642","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in land use and land cover over time and space indicate socioeconomic change. Population growth and consequent demand for economic development have increased the conversion of natural vegetation. The KwaZulu-Natal Province has experienced an accumulated transformation of 45.6% of natural vegetation between 1994 and 2008 (Jewitt 2012:12). One area that has been affected by land cover transformation is the Maputaland Coastal Plain (MCP) located in the north-east of the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa, which is rich in biodiversity and other natural resources (Orimoloye et al. 2019:3). The MCP has several wetlands, lakes and game reserves, which play an integral role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. The largest freshwater lake in South Africa, Lake Sibayi, and the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which is a renowned Ramsar and World Heritage site, are located within the MCP (Weitz & Demlie 2014:1). However, recent studies indicated that surface waters and wetland systems in the MCP are under severe threat because of plantations and water extraction (Everson et al. 2019:1; Orimoloye et al. 2019:9; Smithers et al. 2017:490). A large part of the Lake Sibayi catchment area is covered by plantations (Everson et al. 2019:34; Weitz & Demlie 2014:1). Mbazwana and Manzegwena, the two largest plantations, cover approximately 8500 and 15 000 ha, respectively, and were established in the 1960s by the KwaZulu Department of Forestry (SA Forestry 2012:1).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89312773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-05DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1648
A. Whitfield, C. Attwood, P. Cowley, S. Lamberth, B. Mann
{"title":"No-take estuarine-protected areas: The missing armour for the conservation of fishes","authors":"A. Whitfield, C. Attwood, P. Cowley, S. Lamberth, B. Mann","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75724445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1645
L. Foxcroft
{"title":"Koedoe: Changing of the guard","authors":"L. Foxcroft","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1645","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"362 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76423098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1629
Kevin M. Coldrey, J. Turpie
Climate change has the potential to have significant impacts on the global tourism industry through changes in accessibility and comfort levels, as well as geographic or seasonal changes to attractions (Rosselló-Nadal 2014; Scott, Gössling & Hall 2012). Global and regional studies based on climate indices and data suggest that there will be global shifts in tourism, with an improvement in conditions in many temperate areas and a deterioration in conditions in many subtropical and tropical areas (Bigano, Hamilton & Tol 2007; Rosselló & Santana 2012; Tol & Walsh 2012). Indications are that tourism may decline in much of the Global South. This is of particular concern, not only because tourism is a significant source of foreign exchange earnings in developing countries (Scott et al. 2012), but also because of the global importance of biodiversity conservation in these countries and the direct and indirect reliance of conservation on nature-based tourism. However, comparatively little empirical work has been done on nature-based or protected area tourism, particularly in developing countries.
气候变化有可能通过可达性和舒适度的变化，以及景点的地理或季节变化，对全球旅游业产生重大影响(Rosselló-Nadal 2014;Scott, Gössling & Hall 2012)。基于气候指数和数据的全球和区域研究表明，全球旅游业将发生变化，许多温带地区的条件将得到改善，而许多亚热带和热带地区的条件将恶化(Bigano, Hamilton & Tol 2007;Rosselló &桑塔纳2012;Tol & Walsh 2012)。有迹象表明，全球南方大部分地区的旅游业可能会下滑。这一点尤其令人担忧，不仅因为旅游业是发展中国家外汇收入的重要来源(Scott et al. 2012)，还因为这些国家生物多样性保护的全球重要性，以及保护对以自然为基础的旅游业的直接和间接依赖。然而，特别是在发展中国家，关于基于自然或保护区的旅游的实证工作相对较少。
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