Vertebrates employ varied strategies, both chromosomal and nonchromosomal, to determine the sex of the developing embryo. Among reptiles, temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is common. The temperature of incubation during a critical period preceding sexual differentiation determines the future sex of the embryo, presumably by altering the activity or expression of a temperature-dependent regulatory factor(s). Here we examine the expression of the Dmrt1 gene, a candidate regulator of mammalian and avian sexual development, in the turtle. During the sex-determining period, Dmrt1 mRNA is more abundant in genital ridge/mesonephros complexes at male-promoting than at female-promoting temperatures. Dmrt1 is the first gene found to show temperature-dependent expression prior to sexual differentiation, and may play a key role in sexual development in reptiles. genesis 26:174-178, 2000.
{"title":"Temperature-dependent expression of turtle Dmrt1 prior to sexual differentiation.","authors":"J R Kettlewell, C S Raymond, D Zarkower","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vertebrates employ varied strategies, both chromosomal and nonchromosomal, to determine the sex of the developing embryo. Among reptiles, temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is common. The temperature of incubation during a critical period preceding sexual differentiation determines the future sex of the embryo, presumably by altering the activity or expression of a temperature-dependent regulatory factor(s). Here we examine the expression of the Dmrt1 gene, a candidate regulator of mammalian and avian sexual development, in the turtle. During the sex-determining period, Dmrt1 mRNA is more abundant in genital ridge/mesonephros complexes at male-promoting than at female-promoting temperatures. Dmrt1 is the first gene found to show temperature-dependent expression prior to sexual differentiation, and may play a key role in sexual development in reptiles. genesis 26:174-178, 2000.</p>","PeriodicalId":48923,"journal":{"name":"Genesis","volume":"26 3","pages":"174-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21557131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J B Halder, X Zhao, S Soker, B C Paria, M Klagsbrun, S K Das, S K Dey
The mechanism(s) by which localized vascular permeability and angiogenesis occur at the sites of implantation is not clearly understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of vasculogenesis during embryogenesis and angiogenesis in adult tissues. VEGF is also a vascular permeability factor. VEGF acts via two tyrosine kinase family receptors: VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1). Recent evidence suggests that neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a receptor involved in neuronal cell guidance, is expressed in endothelial cells, binds to VEGF(165) and enhances the binding of VEGF(165) to VEGFR2. We examined the spatiotemporal expression of vegf isoforms, nrp1 and vegfr2 as well as their interactions in the periimplantation mouse uterus. We observed that vegf(164) is the predominant isoform in the mouse uterus. vegf(164) mRNA accumulation primarily occurred in epithelial cells on days 1 and 2 of pregnancy. On days 3 and 4, the subepithelial stroma in addition to epithelial cells exhibited accumulation of this mRNA. After the initial attachment reaction on day 5, luminal epithelial and stromal cells immediately surrounding the blastocyst exhibited distinct accumulation of vegf(164) mRNA. On days 6-8, the accumulation of this mRNA occurred in both mesometrial and antimesometrial decidual cells. These results suggest that VEGF(164) is available in mediating vascular changes and angiogenesis in the uterus during implantation and decidualization. This is consistent with coordinate expression of vegfr2, and nrp1, a VEGF(164)-specific receptor, in uterine endothelial cells. Their expression was low during the first 2 days of pregnancy followed by increases thereafter. With the initiation and progression of implantation (days 5-8), these genes were distinctly expressed in endothelial cells of the decidualizing stroma. Expression was more intense on days 6-8 at the mesometrial pole, the presumptive site of heightened angiogenesis and placentation. However, the expression was absent in the avascular primary decidual zone immediately surrounding the implanting embryo. Crosslinking experiments showed that (125)I-VEGF(165) binds to both NRP1 and VEGFR2 present in decidual endothelial cells. These results suggest that VEGF(164), NRP1 and VEGFR2 play a role in VEGF-induced vascular permeability and angiogenesis in the uterus required for implantation. genesis 26:213-224, 2000.
{"title":"Differential expression of VEGF isoforms and VEGF(164)-specific receptor neuropilin-1 in the mouse uterus suggests a role for VEGF(164) in vascular permeability and angiogenesis during implantation.","authors":"J B Halder, X Zhao, S Soker, B C Paria, M Klagsbrun, S K Das, S K Dey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanism(s) by which localized vascular permeability and angiogenesis occur at the sites of implantation is not clearly understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of vasculogenesis during embryogenesis and angiogenesis in adult tissues. VEGF is also a vascular permeability factor. VEGF acts via two tyrosine kinase family receptors: VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1). Recent evidence suggests that neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a receptor involved in neuronal cell guidance, is expressed in endothelial cells, binds to VEGF(165) and enhances the binding of VEGF(165) to VEGFR2. We examined the spatiotemporal expression of vegf isoforms, nrp1 and vegfr2 as well as their interactions in the periimplantation mouse uterus. We observed that vegf(164) is the predominant isoform in the mouse uterus. vegf(164) mRNA accumulation primarily occurred in epithelial cells on days 1 and 2 of pregnancy. On days 3 and 4, the subepithelial stroma in addition to epithelial cells exhibited accumulation of this mRNA. After the initial attachment reaction on day 5, luminal epithelial and stromal cells immediately surrounding the blastocyst exhibited distinct accumulation of vegf(164) mRNA. On days 6-8, the accumulation of this mRNA occurred in both mesometrial and antimesometrial decidual cells. These results suggest that VEGF(164) is available in mediating vascular changes and angiogenesis in the uterus during implantation and decidualization. This is consistent with coordinate expression of vegfr2, and nrp1, a VEGF(164)-specific receptor, in uterine endothelial cells. Their expression was low during the first 2 days of pregnancy followed by increases thereafter. With the initiation and progression of implantation (days 5-8), these genes were distinctly expressed in endothelial cells of the decidualizing stroma. Expression was more intense on days 6-8 at the mesometrial pole, the presumptive site of heightened angiogenesis and placentation. However, the expression was absent in the avascular primary decidual zone immediately surrounding the implanting embryo. Crosslinking experiments showed that (125)I-VEGF(165) binds to both NRP1 and VEGFR2 present in decidual endothelial cells. These results suggest that VEGF(164), NRP1 and VEGFR2 play a role in VEGF-induced vascular permeability and angiogenesis in the uterus required for implantation. genesis 26:213-224, 2000.</p>","PeriodicalId":48923,"journal":{"name":"Genesis","volume":"26 3","pages":"213-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21557620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retina- and ventral forebrain-specific Cre recombinase activity in transgenic mice.","authors":"Y Furuta, O Lagutin, B L Hogan, G C Oliver","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48923,"journal":{"name":"Genesis","volume":"26 2","pages":"130-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21539704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G W Bothe, J A Haspel, C L Smith, H H Wiener, S J Burden
{"title":"Selective expression of Cre recombinase in skeletal muscle fibers.","authors":"G W Bothe, J A Haspel, C L Smith, H H Wiener, S J Burden","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48923,"journal":{"name":"Genesis","volume":"26 2","pages":"165-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21539717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D A Ovchinnikov, J M Deng, G Ogunrinu, R R Behringer
{"title":"Col2a1-directed expression of Cre recombinase in differentiating chondrocytes in transgenic mice.","authors":"D A Ovchinnikov, J M Deng, G Ogunrinu, R R Behringer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48923,"journal":{"name":"Genesis","volume":"26 2","pages":"145-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21539709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H Lomelí, V Ramos-Mejía, M Gertsenstein, C G Lobe, A Nagy
{"title":"Targeted insertion of Cre recombinase into the TNAP gene: excision in primordial germ cells.","authors":"H Lomelí, V Ramos-Mejía, M Gertsenstein, C G Lobe, A Nagy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48923,"journal":{"name":"Genesis","volume":"26 2","pages":"116-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21539699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T R Berton, X J Wang, Z Zhou, C Kellendonk, G Schütz, S Tsai, D R Roop
{"title":"Characterization of an inducible, epidermal-specific knockout system: differential expression of lacZ in different Cre reporter mouse strains.","authors":"T R Berton, X J Wang, Z Zhou, C Kellendonk, G Schütz, S Tsai, D R Roop","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48923,"journal":{"name":"Genesis","volume":"26 2","pages":"160-1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21539715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muscle specific expression of Cre recombinase under two actin promoters in transgenic mice.","authors":"T Miwa, T Koyama, M Shirai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48923,"journal":{"name":"Genesis","volume":"26 2","pages":"136-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21539706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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