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Nutrient limitation of periphytic algal assemblages in agricultural streams across grassland to boreal landscapes 从草地到北方景观的农业溪流中浮游藻类组合的营养限制
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1086/722742
Sydney Huculak, S. Tank, Gregory S. Piorkowski, Madison Kobryn, R. Vinebrooke
Land-use practices can deteriorate the health of aquatic ecosystems in lower-order streams by increasing the availability of nutrients to periphytic algae. The magnitude of eutrophication likely depends in part on the nature of nutrient limitation and other local environmental factors. We used nutrient diffusing substrates and assessments of taxonomically diagnostic pigments to experimentally identify the drivers of nutrient limitation of periphytic algal assemblages across 30 streams which collectively spanned a gradient of agricultural land-use intensity (cropland, pasture, and nutrients) across Boreal Forest, Grassland, and Parkland ecoregions in Alberta, Canada. We identified N as the primary limiting factor of total algal biomass accrual. Overall, bacillariophytes made up most of the total algal biomass response to N. Dissolved inorganic N to total P ratios in the water column were consistently low, and P amendment altered assemblage composition by stimulating chlorophytes over bacillariophytes. Differences in soil types, precipitation, runoff, and leaching potential within and across ecoregions did not alter the algal responses to the experimental nutrient amendments. The effect of N-limiting conditions observed across most streams had greater relative importance than other potential abiotic factors (e.g., light) on algal growth. Whereas a historical focus on P management remains important, our findings highlight the need to increase the attention and focus on N in watershed management plans during the summer months to mitigate eutrophication of agricultural streams.
土地利用做法可通过增加对周围藻类的养分供应而恶化低阶溪流中水生生态系统的健康。富营养化的程度可能部分取决于营养限制的性质和其他当地环境因素。研究人员利用养分扩散基质和分类诊断色素的评估,对加拿大阿尔伯塔省北部森林、草地和公园生态区内30条河流中浮游藻类群落的养分限制驱动因素进行了实验研究。这些河流共同跨越了农业土地利用强度梯度(农田、牧场和养分)。我们确定氮是藻类总生物量累积的主要限制因素。综上所述,硅藻生物量对氮的响应主要由硅藻组成,水体中溶解无机氮与总磷的比值一直较低,磷的修正通过刺激硅藻上的绿藻而改变了组合组成。土壤类型、降水、径流和生态区域内和生态区域间淋滤潜力的差异并没有改变藻类对实验营养物修正的反应。在大多数溪流中观察到的氮限制条件对藻类生长的影响比其他潜在的非生物因素(如光)更重要。尽管历史上对磷管理的关注仍然很重要,但我们的研究结果强调,需要在夏季的流域管理计划中增加对氮的关注和关注,以减轻农业河流的富营养化。
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引用次数: 0
How extreme drought events, introduced species, and disease interact to influence threatened amphibian populations 极端干旱事件、引入物种和疾病如何相互影响受威胁的两栖动物种群
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1086/722679
Travis McDevitt-Galles, W. Moss, Dana M. Calhoun, C. Briggs, Pieter T. J. Johnson
Over the past century, native amphibian species in California, USA, have declined in geographic range and population size, including precipitous declines of the California Red-legged Frog Rana draytonii Baird and Girard, 1852 and the California Tiger Salamander Ambystoma californiense Gray, 1853. Habitat loss, infectious disease (e.g., chytridiomycosis), and the introduction of invasive species are potential contributors to this decline, but it is unclear how these variables interact with extreme weather events, such as prolonged drought to affect amphibian population dynamics. We used a 7-y dataset (2013–2019) on amphibian breeding activity that encompassed a recent extreme drought event to assess 1) how breeding activities of these taxa differed during and after drought conditions and 2) the additive and interactive relationships of drought, chytrid fungal infection (Bd), and invasive species with the presence and abundance of larval amphibians. Based on 650 surveys of 110 lentic habitats in California, both amphibian species were highly sensitive to drought severity, such that the proportion of occupied sites during peak drought conditions decreased by 36% for R. draytonii and 87% for A. californiense relative to the initial year of the study. However, both taxa showed strong recovery, with increases in breeding occurrence as drought conditions eased in the following years (2016–2019). Invasive fishes and American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802) also negatively predicted the occurrence and density of the 2 native taxa. Finally, we found that the relationship between Bd and R. draytonii larval density was influenced by drought conditions, suggesting that Bd’s transmission rates or effects on host persistence are sensitive to climate. These findings illustrate the ability of native taxa to recover from recent drought conditions and reinforce the importance of controlling invasive species for improving breeding activities of threatened amphibians.
在过去的一个世纪里,美国加利福尼亚州的本土两栖动物物种在地理范围和种群规模上都有所下降,包括1852年加利福尼亚红腿蛙Rana draytonii Baird和Girard以及1853年加利福尼亚虎Salamander Ambystoma californense Gray的急剧下降。栖息地丧失、传染病(如壶菌病)和入侵物种的引入是导致这种下降的潜在因素,但尚不清楚这些变量如何与极端天气事件相互作用,如长期干旱,从而影响两栖动物种群动态。我们使用了一个关于两栖动物繁殖活动的7年数据集(2013-2019),该数据集包括最近的一次极端干旱事件,以评估1)干旱期间和之后这些分类群的繁殖活动如何不同,以及2)干旱、壶菌感染(Bd)和入侵物种与两栖动物幼虫的存在和丰度之间的加性和交互关系。根据对加利福尼亚州110个扁豆栖息地的650项调查,这两种两栖动物对干旱的严重程度都非常敏感,因此,与研究的最初一年相比,在干旱高峰期,R.draytonii和A.californense占据的栖息地比例分别下降了36%和87%。然而,这两个分类群都表现出了强劲的恢复,随着干旱条件的缓解,繁殖发生率在接下来的几年(2016-2019)有所增加。入侵鱼类和美洲牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana Shaw,1802)也对这两个本地分类群的出现和密度进行了负面预测。最后,我们发现Bd和R.draytonii幼虫密度之间的关系受到干旱条件的影响,这表明Bd的传播率或对寄主持久性的影响对气候敏感。这些发现说明了本地分类群从最近的干旱条件中恢复的能力,并加强了控制入侵物种对改善受威胁两栖动物繁殖活动的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Heat and smoke from wildfires influence water temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in headwater streams 野火产生的热量和烟雾影响水源溪流的水温和溶解氧水平
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1086/722632
Ashley Sanders, A. A. Coble, Allison G. Swartz, Mark River, P. James, D. Warren
Wildfire has become increasingly common and severe in forested landscapes across the western United States. Stream and air temperatures within these landscapes are influenced not only by direct heating during the fire but by shading from heavy smoke. In addition, dissolved oxygen (DO) can be affected by increased ash inputs from fire or reduced primary production under lower light conditions. Because collecting data as the event occurs is challenging, most research exploring fire effects on streams has focused on responses months to years after the event as opposed to during and immediately after the fire. We sought to understand how physical stream parameters change as wildfire burns near streams, how stream temperature responses vary through a stream reach, how parameters respond to shading from pervasive smoke during and shortly after the fire, and how fire severity correlates with observed changes. In this study, we report measurements of light, air temperature, stream temperature, and DO across eleven 2nd- to 4th-order streams in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA, 1 wk before, during, and 1 wk after an extensive wildfire in 2020. Burning near streams resulted in a brief increase in daily maximum stream temperature of 4.5°C at the most severely burned site but small increases or decreases at less affected sites. Longitudinal replication revealed that temperature responses can be patchy at relatively small scales (∼50 m). DO daily minima decreased by 1.3 to 16.9% saturation on the day of the fire, with the magnitude of effect corresponding to burn severity. Across all 11 sites, riparian and watershed estimates of Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire and soil burn severity were better correlated with stream temperature responses to fire than percentage of watershed burned. Smoke effects were pervasive, both spatially and temporally, resulting in decreased light, stream temperature maxima, and diurnal variation in DO. Our results suggest that acute changes to physical stream parameters caused minimal harm to aquatic biota at our sites, and the effects of smoke on physical stream parameters will likely impose larger immediate effects on headwater streams than heating from the fire itself.
野火在美国西部的森林景观中变得越来越常见和严重。这些景观中的溪流和空气温度不仅受到火灾期间直接加热的影响,还受到浓烟遮蔽的影响。此外,在较低的光照条件下,溶解氧(DO)可能会受到火灾灰烬输入增加或初级生产减少的影响。由于在事件发生时收集数据具有挑战性,大多数探索火灾对溪流影响的研究都集中在事件发生后数月至数年的反应上,而不是在火灾发生期间和之后立即进行。我们试图了解野火在溪流附近燃烧时,物理溪流参数如何变化,溪流温度响应在溪流范围内如何变化,参数如何响应火灾期间和火灾后不久普遍烟雾的遮蔽,以及火灾严重程度如何与观察到的变化相关联。在这项研究中,我们报告了2020年大规模野火发生前、期间和发生后1周,美国俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山脉西部11条二至四级溪流的光照、空气温度、溪流温度和DO测量结果。在溪流附近燃烧,导致燃烧最严重的地点的日最高溪流温度短暂上升4.5°C,但在受影响较小的地点则略有上升或下降。纵向复制显示,在相对较小的尺度(~50米)下,温度反应可能是不稳定的。火灾发生当天,DO日最小值降低了1.3%至16.9%的饱和度,其影响程度与烧伤严重程度相对应。在所有11个地点中,河岸和流域对野火后植被状况快速评估的估计以及土壤烧伤的严重程度与河流温度对火灾的反应的相关性比流域烧伤的百分比更好。烟雾效应在空间和时间上都很普遍,导致光照、溪流温度最高值和DO的日变化减少。我们的研究结果表明,物理溪流参数的急性变化对我们所在地的水生生物群造成的危害最小,烟雾对物理流参数的影响可能会对源头流产生比火灾本身加热更大的直接影响。
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引用次数: 3
Occupancy of invasive Northern Crayfish (Faxonius virilis) in northern streams is associated primarily with water temperature 入侵的北方小龙虾(Faxonius virilis)在北部河流中的占据主要与水温有关
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1086/722576
Victoria Van Mierlo, S. Green, C. Emmerton, M. Nasr, C. Buendia, Faye R. Wyatt, M. Poesch
Invasive species are the 2nd-greatest threat to global freshwater biodiversity. Crayfish are especially robust invaders due to their omnivorous nature and ability to compete both directly (resource procurement) and indirectly (habitat occupation and modification) with native species. The Northern Crayfish (Faxonius virilis Hagen, 1870) was introduced to the North Saskatchewan River basin (Alberta, western Canada) and has persisted there since the early 1990s. Faxonius virilis’ impacts on native fish assemblages in the North Saskatchewan River have yet to be assessed, even though the watershed is ecologically, economically, and culturally valuable and home to multiple sensitive and at-risk fish species. We aimed to identify the instream environmental characteristics associated with F. virilis occupancy in the North Saskatchewan River basin and to determine which currently unoccupied tributaries are most vulnerable to F. virilis invasion. We used occupancy modeling to meet these objectives. We deployed 24-h baited crayfish traps and measured water temperature, turbidity, flow velocity, and physical complexity at 37 sites along the Alberta portion of the North Saskatchewan River basin. We detected F. virilis at 13/37 sites with no occurrences detected in the upper basin. Occupancy model selection and averaging revealed that water temperature alone was associated with occupancy of F. virilis in the North Saskatchewan River basin. Streams with mean summer water temperatures >∼19°C were ≥50% more likely to be occupied by F. virilis than cooler streams and are at highest risk of invasion. Further, we found that streams with mean summer water temperatures <∼15°C had a <25% chance of becoming occupied by F. virilis than warmer streams. Coldwater streams may thus have some natural protection against F. virilis invasion. The results from this study provide practical guidelines for watershed management of invasive F. virilis populations in western Canadian river basins. Managing F. virilis is particularly important and time sensitive because F. virilis’ range will likely expand when water temperatures in the basin rise because of climate change.
入侵物种是全球淡水生物多样性的第二大威胁。由于小龙虾的杂食性和与本地物种直接(资源获取)和间接(栖息地占领和改造)竞争的能力,它们是特别强大的入侵者。北方小龙虾(Faxonius virilis Hagen, 1870年)被引入北萨斯喀彻温河流域(加拿大西部阿尔伯塔省),自20世纪90年代初以来一直在那里生存。尽管该流域具有生态、经济和文化价值,是多种敏感和濒危鱼类的家园,但对北萨斯喀彻温河本地鱼类种群的影响尚未得到评估。我们的目的是确定北萨斯喀彻温河流域与F. virilis占用相关的溪流环境特征,并确定哪些目前未被占用的支流最容易受到F. virilis入侵。我们使用占用建模来满足这些目标。我们部署了24小时的诱饵小龙虾陷阱,并在北萨斯喀彻温河流域阿尔伯塔省的37个地点测量了水温、浊度、流速和物理复杂性。37个站点中有13个站点检测到绒毛菌,上游流域未检测到。在北萨斯喀彻温河流域,水温单独与水蚤的占据有关。夏季平均水温为bb0 ~ 19°C的溪流比温度较低的溪流更有可能被F. virilis占据,并且具有最高的入侵风险。此外,我们发现夏季平均水温< ~ 15°C的溪流比温暖的溪流有<25%的机会被F. virilis占据。因此,冷水溪流可能有一些天然的保护措施来抵御绒毛杆菌的入侵。本研究结果为加拿大西部河流流域入侵性绒毛菌种群的流域管理提供了实用指导。管理F. virilis特别重要且具有时间敏感性,因为当盆地水温因气候变化而上升时,F. virilis的活动范围可能会扩大。
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引用次数: 2
Front Matter 前页
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1086/722399
Freshwater Science, Volume 41, Issue 3, September 2022.
淡水科学,41卷,第3期,2022年9月。
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引用次数: 0
Community-powered urban stream restoration: A vision for sustainable and resilient urban ecosystems 社区驱动的城市河流恢复:可持续和有弹性的城市生态系统的愿景
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/721150
M. Scoggins, D. Booth, T. Fletcher, M. Fork, Ana M González, R. Hale, R. Hawley, A. Roy, E. E. Bilger, N. Bond, M. J. Burns, K. Hopkins, K. Macneale, E. Martí, S. McKay, M. Neale, M. Paul, B. Ríos-Touma, Kathryn L. Russell, Robert F. Smith, S. Wagner, S. Wenger
Urban streams can provide amenities to people living in cities, but those benefits are reduced when streams become degraded, potentially even causing harm (disease, toxic compounds, etc.). Governments and institutions invest resources to improve the values and services provided by urban streams; however, the conception, development, and implementation of such projects may not include meaningful involvement of community members and other stakeholders. Consequently, project objectives may be misaligned with community desires and needs, and projects may fail to achieve their goals. In February 2020, the 5th Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology, an interdisciplinary meeting held every 3 to 5 y, met in Austin, Texas, USA, to explore new approaches to urban stream projects, including ways to maximize the full range of potential benefits by better integrating community members into project identification and decision making. The symposium included in-depth discussion about 4 nearby field case studies, participation of multidisciplinary urban stream experts from 5 continents, and input from the Austin community. Institutional barriers to community inclusion were identified and analyzed using real-world examples, both from the case studies and from the literature, which clarified disparities in power, equity, and values. Outcomes of the symposium have been aggregated into a vision that challenges the present institutional approach to urban stream management and a set of strategies to systematically address these barriers to improve restoration solutions. Integrating community members and other stakeholders throughout the urban restoration process, and a transparent decision-making process to resolve divergent objectives, can help identify appropriate goals for realizing both the ecological and social benefits of stream restoration.
城市河流可以为居住在城市中的人们提供便利,但当河流退化时,这些好处就会减少,甚至可能造成危害(疾病、有毒化合物等)。政府和机构投入资源,改善城市河流提供的价值和服务;然而,这些项目的构思、开发和实施可能不包括社区成员和其他利益相关者的有意义的参与。因此,项目目标可能与社区的愿望和需求不一致,项目可能无法实现其目标。2020年2月,第五届城市化与河流生态研讨会(每3至5年举行一次的跨学科会议)在美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀举行,旨在探索城市河流项目的新方法,包括通过更好地将社区成员纳入项目识别和决策中来最大化潜在效益的方法。研讨会包括对4个附近实地案例研究的深入讨论,来自五大洲的多学科城市流专家的参与,以及奥斯汀社区的投入。通过案例研究和文献资料,确定并分析了社区包容的制度障碍,这些障碍阐明了权力、公平和价值观方面的差异。研讨会的成果汇集成一个愿景,挑战了目前城市河流管理的体制方法,并提出了一套系统地解决这些障碍以改进修复解决方案的战略。在整个城市恢复过程中整合社区成员和其他利益相关者,并通过透明的决策过程来解决不同的目标,可以帮助确定适当的目标,以实现河流恢复的生态和社会效益。
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引用次数: 11
Urbanization and stream ecology: Moving the bar on multidisciplinary solutions to wicked urban stream problems 城市化和河流生态:推动多学科解决城市河流问题
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/721470
M. Fork, K. Hopkins, J. Chappell, R. Hawley, S. Kaushal, B. Murphy, B. Ríos-Touma, A. Roy
Decades of research on the effects of urbanization on stream ecology have shown that urban stream problems are inherently wicked. These problems are wicked in the sense that they are difficult to solve because information is incomplete, changing, or conflicting and because finding potential solutions often requires input from stakeholders who can have conflicting and competing values. The 5th Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology (SUSE5) in February 2020 brought together diverse perspectives from scientists, managers, practitioners, and local communities. Participants at SUSE5 discussed the state of the science in urban stream ecology and worked through in-depth case studies in teams to tackle complex real-world problems in urban stream management. The papers in this special series on urbanization and stream ecology include empirical research studies and synthesis papers sparked by discussions at SUSE5 and advance multidisciplinary solutions to wicked urban stream problems.
几十年来对城市化对溪流生态影响的研究表明,城市溪流问题本质上是邪恶的。这些问题是邪恶的,因为它们很难解决,因为信息是不完整的、不断变化的或相互冲突的,而且寻找潜在的解决方案往往需要利益相关者的投入,他们可能具有相互冲突和竞争的价值观。2020年2月举行的第五届城市化与溪流生态研讨会(SUSE5)汇集了来自科学家、管理者、从业者和当地社区的不同观点。SUSE5的参与者讨论了城市溪流生态学的科学现状,并通过团队深入的案例研究来解决城市溪流管理中复杂的现实问题。这个关于城市化和溪流生态学的特别系列中的论文包括实证研究和SUSE5讨论引发的综合论文,并提出了解决城市溪流问题的多学科解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
Highlighting assumptions of community engagement in urban stream restoration 强调社区参与城市河流恢复的假设
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/721540
Denzell A. Cross, J. Chappell
Restoration practitioners experience mixed results when they try to engage community members in urban stream restoration projects. In some cases, practitioners make presumptions about community responses to restoration that lead to unsuccessful engagement and detract from restoration goals. During the 5th Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology, we noticed that participants repeatedly discussed community stakeholder engagement as a tool for effective urban stream restoration. However, most presenters did not acknowledge that typical engagement strategies do not consider how the target community’s social, economic, and political dynamics will influence stakeholder response. As a result, many practitioners make assumptions about communities that can be counterproductive to engagement efforts. Here, we discuss 4 underlying assumptions that many researchers make when trying to engage community stakeholders: 1) community members and researchers have the same project goals, 2) educating residents is essential in garnering community support, 3) the community will benefit from the restoration effort, and 4) the community has solutions to contribute to the technical aspects of the restoration effort. We present and develop these assumptions in the context of relevant urban stream restoration projects and highlight the complexity represented across communities where urban stream restoration projects can take place. Land managers and researchers must first cultivate a thoughtful understanding of the community and its existing socioeconomic capacities before integrating community stakeholders into urban stream restoration projects. We believe highlighting these societal complexities will promote a deeper consideration of appropriate engagement strategies for urban stream restoration projects.
当修复从业者试图让社区成员参与城市溪流修复项目时,他们的结果喜忧参半。在某些情况下,从业者对社区对修复的反应做出假设,导致参与失败并偏离修复目标。在第五届城市化与溪流生态研讨会期间,我们注意到与会者反复讨论社区利益相关者参与作为有效城市溪流恢复工具的问题。然而,大多数演讲者并不承认,典型的参与策略没有考虑目标社区的社会、经济和政治动态将如何影响利益相关者的反应。因此,许多从业者对社区做出的假设可能会对参与工作产生反作用。在这里,我们讨论了许多研究人员在试图吸引社区利益相关者时做出的4个基本假设:1)社区成员和研究人员有相同的项目目标,2)教育居民对获得社区支持至关重要,3)社区将从修复工作中受益,以及4)社区有解决方案来为修复工作的技术方面做出贡献。我们在相关城市溪流修复项目的背景下提出并发展了这些假设,并强调了城市溪流恢复项目所在社区的复杂性。土地管理者和研究人员在将社区利益相关者纳入城市溪流修复项目之前,必须首先培养对社区及其现有社会经济能力的深入理解。我们相信,强调这些社会复杂性将促进对城市溪流修复项目适当参与策略的深入考虑。
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引用次数: 5
Stream macroinvertebrate reintroductions: A cautionary approach for restored urban streams 溪流大型无脊椎动物的重新引入:恢复城市溪流的警示方法
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/721471
S. Clinton, Jacqueline Hartman, K. Macneale, A. Roy
Macroinvertebrate assemblages often remain depauperate in physically restored urban streams despite efforts to improve habitat conditions and increase species abundance and diversity. The lack of biological recovery may be due to a lack of a natural, nearby source of colonists, and this has inspired researchers and practitioners to reintroduce macroinvertebrates in otherwise restored urban streams to jump start the recovery process. However, without standardized guidelines that describe reintroduction best practices, some reintroduction programs may create additional problems (e.g., disease spread, genetic homogenization, population loss). To reduce these risks and limit a potential waste of resources, a cautionary approach is warranted. In this paper we summarize current stream reintroduction knowledge and detail best practices for aquatic macroinvertebrate reintroduction in restored urban streams. We provide criteria that managers can use to determine whether reintroduction is appropriate and demonstrate how researchers can use reintroduction as a tool to test hypotheses regarding factors limiting recolonization. We provide guidance for how to set clear reintroduction goals, select donor sites, determine the number of organisms required, establish reintroduction frequency and timing, and overcome challenges associated with monitoring. This framework can help managers create more successful reintroduction programs that can benefit urban stream restoration.
尽管努力改善栖息地条件,增加物种丰度和多样性,但在物理恢复的城市溪流中,大型无脊椎动物群落往往仍然不活跃。缺乏生物恢复可能是由于附近缺乏天然的殖民者来源,这激发了研究人员和从业者在其他恢复的城市溪流中重新引入大型无脊椎动物,以启动恢复过程。然而,如果没有描述重新引入最佳实践的标准化指南,一些重新引入计划可能会产生额外的问题(例如,疾病传播、基因同质化、种群损失)。为了减少这些风险并限制潜在的资源浪费,有必要采取谨慎的方法。在本文中,我们总结了目前溪流重新引入的知识,并详细介绍了在恢复的城市溪流中重新引入水生大型无脊椎动物的最佳实践。我们提供了管理者可以用来确定重新引入是否合适的标准,并展示了研究人员如何将重新引入作为一种工具来测试有关限制重新殖民化因素的假设。我们为如何设定明确的重新引入目标、选择捐赠地点、确定所需的生物体数量、确定重新引入频率和时间以及克服与监测相关的挑战提供指导。这一框架可以帮助管理者制定更成功的重新引入计划,有利于城市溪流的恢复。
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引用次数: 7
Weighted stream temperature tolerance index is insensitive to changes in stream fish composition 加权溪流温度耐受指数对溪流鱼类组成的变化不敏感
IF 1.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/721539
McKayla Jarvie, Donald A. Jackson
Freshwater fish species require and compete for specific water temperatures and thermal regimes to maximize physiological and behavioral processes; however, the thermal habitats on which freshwater fish rely are being modified by local human activities and global climate change. Water temperature measurements that are often used to determine thermal regimes allow predictions of species occurrence in the absence of assemblage surveys. Methods that connect assemblage composition with temperature provide additional information that otherwise is lost when temperature is measured alone. Using stream fish assemblage data collected over 2 decades from various biomonitoring programs in southern Ontario, Canada, we tracked site-level changes in stream fish assemblage composition from numerous watersheds. We also assessed the utility of using a weighted species association tolerance index with respect to water temperature (WSATI-WT) that weights the abundance of each species in an assemblage by their thermal preference to generate an assemblage temperature preference. We tracked temporal changes in assemblage temperature preferences and used bootstrapping to assess the effects of sampling variability on this index. Fish assemblage composition changed over time in all watersheds, but these changes had differential effects on WSATI-WT values. Temporal changes in WSATI-WT values ranged from −9.43 to 5.04°C, of which 68% were negative and 32% positive. These changes imply that, over time, the thermal regime of some sites changed, but bootstrapping showed that WSATI-WT estimates could differ by ≤10°C (mean = 1.57°C) due to sampling variability alone. Examination of the variation in bootstrapped values relative to species composition indicates that uncommon or underrepresented species that have atypical thermal preferences relative to the other species within individual samples may have a large influence on WSATI-WT values. We must develop robust and resilient methods of tracking assemblage responses to warming temperatures if we hope to manage watersheds and species that are sensitive to warming temperatures.
淡水鱼类物种需要并竞争特定的水温和热状态,以最大限度地提高生理和行为过程;然而,当地人类活动和全球气候变化正在改变淡水鱼赖以生存的热栖息地。通常用于确定热状态的水温测量允许在没有组合调查的情况下预测物种的出现。将组合组成与温度联系起来的方法提供了额外的信息,否则当单独测量温度时就会丢失这些信息。利用20多年来从加拿大安大略省南部的各种生物监测项目中收集的溪流鱼类群落数据,我们跟踪了许多流域溪流鱼类群落组成的现场水平变化。我们还评估了使用相对于水温的加权物种关联耐受指数(WSATI-WT)的效用,该指数根据热偏好对组合中每个物种的丰度进行加权,以产生组合温度偏好。我们跟踪了组合温度偏好的时间变化,并使用自举来评估采样可变性对该指数的影响。所有流域的鱼类群落组成都随着时间的推移而变化,但这些变化对WSATI-WT值有不同的影响。WSATI-WT值的时间变化范围为-9.43至5.04°C,其中68%为阴性,32%为阳性。这些变化意味着,随着时间的推移,一些地点的热状态发生了变化,但自举表明,仅由于采样可变性,WSATI-WT估计值可能相差≤10°C(平均值=1.57°C)。对自举值相对于物种组成的变化的检查表明,相对于单个样品中的其他物种具有非典型热偏好的不常见或代表性不足的物种可能对WSATI-WT值有很大影响。如果我们希望管理对变暖温度敏感的流域和物种,我们必须开发出稳健和有弹性的方法来跟踪群落对变暖温度的反应。
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Freshwater Science
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