Pub Date : 2024-02-11DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-87-93
I. I. Kornishin, О. А. Petrova, А. В. Grachev
Nowadays, eSports – competitive activities in computer games – are an integral part of sports culture. There are a number of studies confirming the similarities between traditional sports and eSports, athletes and eSportsmen, computer game play and physical exercise. In order to improve their performance, eSportsmen use the same methods as traditional athletes: following a daily regime, a clear training schedule, having a coach and a psychologist. At the same time, there is a perception that eSports has a negative impact on players’ physical fitness: hypodynamia, hours of daily gaming sessions and monotonous low-amplitude movements are not associated with a healthy lifestyle. This study analyzed the physical performance of ten men (aged between 19 and 21) who had been involved in eSports for 5 years. The method used was the Harvard-step test, which requires men to climb a 50 cm high bench at a given speed for 5 minutes. Before and after performing the test, biological indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure and a number of other indicators are recorded for the first 30 seconds, during the second, third and fourth minutes. The results showed that most of the subjects in this group performed above average on the step test, indicating that the physical performance of young eSportsmen is at a relatively high level, which contradicts the common perception of their poor physical fitness.
{"title":"Analysis of general physical performance of students-eSportsmen","authors":"I. I. Kornishin, О. А. Petrova, А. В. Grachev","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-87-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-87-93","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, eSports – competitive activities in computer games – are an integral part of sports culture. There are a number of studies confirming the similarities between traditional sports and eSports, athletes and eSportsmen, computer game play and physical exercise. In order to improve their performance, eSportsmen use the same methods as traditional athletes: following a daily regime, a clear training schedule, having a coach and a psychologist. At the same time, there is a perception that eSports has a negative impact on players’ physical fitness: hypodynamia, hours of daily gaming sessions and monotonous low-amplitude movements are not associated with a healthy lifestyle. This study analyzed the physical performance of ten men (aged between 19 and 21) who had been involved in eSports for 5 years. The method used was the Harvard-step test, which requires men to climb a 50 cm high bench at a given speed for 5 minutes. Before and after performing the test, biological indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure and a number of other indicators are recorded for the first 30 seconds, during the second, third and fourth minutes. The results showed that most of the subjects in this group performed above average on the step test, indicating that the physical performance of young eSportsmen is at a relatively high level, which contradicts the common perception of their poor physical fitness.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"8 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140458970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-34-46
Y. Agirbov, R. Mukhametzyanov, N. V. Arzamastseva, Е. V. Kovaleva, А. М. Khezhev, Т. V. Ostapchuk, D. V. Snegirev
At present, the location of fruit and berry production in specific regions and countries of the world is determined by natural and climatic conditions and the biological characteristics of the crops concerned. Apples are one of the most important fruits in the world, both in terms of production volume and international trade parameters. For some countries, including Russia, they are the basis for the formation of the corresponding product balance for fruit and berry products. In this regard, the authors set the goal of analyzing the trends in the development of apple orchards for 2011‑2021 in the world as a whole and in the countries ranked in the top 20 by a number of indicators: harvested area of apple orchards, gross yield and productivity. Based on FAO statistics, it was found that over this period, the global harvested area of apple orchards decreased from 4.961 million ha to 4.822 million ha. However, it increased from 0.289 million ha to 0.313 million ha in India, which ranks second behind China, and from 0.188 million ha to 0.225 million ha in Russia (third in this ranking). These three countries will rank first, fifth and seventh in terms of gross apple yield in 2021. At the same time, the production of this seed fruit in Russia increased from 1.198 to 2.216 million tons between 2011 and 2021, i.e. by a factor of 1.85. In terms of productivity, none of these three countries was among the top 20 for this indicator. In order to strengthen Russia’s food security in fruit and berry products, it is necessary to further promote the development of domestic apple horticulture on the basis of intensive technologies.
{"title":"Apple production: area, gross yield, productivity in the world and main countries","authors":"Y. Agirbov, R. Mukhametzyanov, N. V. Arzamastseva, Е. V. Kovaleva, А. М. Khezhev, Т. V. Ostapchuk, D. V. Snegirev","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-34-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-34-46","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the location of fruit and berry production in specific regions and countries of the world is determined by natural and climatic conditions and the biological characteristics of the crops concerned. Apples are one of the most important fruits in the world, both in terms of production volume and international trade parameters. For some countries, including Russia, they are the basis for the formation of the corresponding product balance for fruit and berry products. In this regard, the authors set the goal of analyzing the trends in the development of apple orchards for 2011‑2021 in the world as a whole and in the countries ranked in the top 20 by a number of indicators: harvested area of apple orchards, gross yield and productivity. Based on FAO statistics, it was found that over this period, the global harvested area of apple orchards decreased from 4.961 million ha to 4.822 million ha. However, it increased from 0.289 million ha to 0.313 million ha in India, which ranks second behind China, and from 0.188 million ha to 0.225 million ha in Russia (third in this ranking). These three countries will rank first, fifth and seventh in terms of gross apple yield in 2021. At the same time, the production of this seed fruit in Russia increased from 1.198 to 2.216 million tons between 2011 and 2021, i.e. by a factor of 1.85. In terms of productivity, none of these three countries was among the top 20 for this indicator. In order to strengthen Russia’s food security in fruit and berry products, it is necessary to further promote the development of domestic apple horticulture on the basis of intensive technologies.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-59-68
К. А. Matushkina, V. D. Davydenkova
The work is devoted to the study of the reproductive performance of a narrow areal triploid toads (Batur toad, Bufotes baturae) reared on different live food (Turkestan and marble cockroaches). Material for the work was obtained over three breeding seasons. In the first breeding season, the number of pairs reared on the Turkestan cockroach (Shelfordella lateralis) was 7 (64%) and on the marbled cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea) – 2 (18%). In the second and third seasons, the numbers were 8 (89%) and 11 (100%) respectively. The average fecundity of females fed on the Turkestan cockroach ranged from 3149 to 3300 eggs over three seasons, while that of females fed on the marbled cockroach ranged from 2472 to 2630 eggs. However, the juveniles from the group reared on marbled cockroach were superior in length to the prelarvae, as well as in length and weight to the post-metamorphic juveniles. Thus, there was no clear advantage in reproductive performance in animals consuming different diets. Both insect species were highly effective when fed to Baturian toads under laboratory conditions.
{"title":"Impact of live food on the reproductive performance of the Batur toad, Bufotes baturae (Stöck, Schmid, Steinlein et Grosse, 1999) in captivity","authors":"К. А. Matushkina, V. D. Davydenkova","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-59-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-59-68","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the study of the reproductive performance of a narrow areal triploid toads (Batur toad, Bufotes baturae) reared on different live food (Turkestan and marble cockroaches). Material for the work was obtained over three breeding seasons. In the first breeding season, the number of pairs reared on the Turkestan cockroach (Shelfordella lateralis) was 7 (64%) and on the marbled cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea) – 2 (18%). In the second and third seasons, the numbers were 8 (89%) and 11 (100%) respectively. The average fecundity of females fed on the Turkestan cockroach ranged from 3149 to 3300 eggs over three seasons, while that of females fed on the marbled cockroach ranged from 2472 to 2630 eggs. However, the juveniles from the group reared on marbled cockroach were superior in length to the prelarvae, as well as in length and weight to the post-metamorphic juveniles. Thus, there was no clear advantage in reproductive performance in animals consuming different diets. Both insect species were highly effective when fed to Baturian toads under laboratory conditions.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140500279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-47-58
М. Т. Spynu, М. I. Titova, I. A. Seregin, А. М. Yaroslavtsev, N. А. Aleksandrov
The article presents the analysis of changes in the floral composition of the western field of the Ecological Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy for 4 years. The research object is located in the center of the megalopolis, it is subject to high anthropogenic load, as it is surrounded on both sides by a road network, and at the same time it is part of the facies of the Forest Experimental Dacha. The site is characterized by close occurrence of groundwater, high density of upper soil horizons, heterogeneous soil structure and mesorelief, resulting of in flooding. As a result of a significant number of anthropogenic and abiotic factors, it is necessary to analyze the vegetation composition and the species richness of the area in order to assess the dynamics of variability of these conditions and to predict the potential stability of the biological diversity of the area. The changes in the species composition were analyzed by describing the vegetation and evaluating quantitative indicators: frequency of occurrence, abundance of species, degree of their dominance according to the O. Drude scale, as well as the Shannon index and indicators of species richness and saturation.The studies carried out showed a pronounced variability in vegetation cover from 2018 to 2022. During the study period, there was a change in plant families and an increase in species diversity: richness and saturation indices. In 2022, there was an increase in the number of species and an increase in the uniformity of their numbers compared to 2018.
{"title":"Comparative assessment of the change in the species composition of vegetation on the territory of the western field of RSAU-MTAA","authors":"М. Т. Spynu, М. I. Titova, I. A. Seregin, А. М. Yaroslavtsev, N. А. Aleksandrov","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-47-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-47-58","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the analysis of changes in the floral composition of the western field of the Ecological Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy for 4 years. The research object is located in the center of the megalopolis, it is subject to high anthropogenic load, as it is surrounded on both sides by a road network, and at the same time it is part of the facies of the Forest Experimental Dacha. The site is characterized by close occurrence of groundwater, high density of upper soil horizons, heterogeneous soil structure and mesorelief, resulting of in flooding. As a result of a significant number of anthropogenic and abiotic factors, it is necessary to analyze the vegetation composition and the species richness of the area in order to assess the dynamics of variability of these conditions and to predict the potential stability of the biological diversity of the area. The changes in the species composition were analyzed by describing the vegetation and evaluating quantitative indicators: frequency of occurrence, abundance of species, degree of their dominance according to the O. Drude scale, as well as the Shannon index and indicators of species richness and saturation.The studies carried out showed a pronounced variability in vegetation cover from 2018 to 2022. During the study period, there was a change in plant families and an increase in species diversity: richness and saturation indices. In 2022, there was an increase in the number of species and an increase in the uniformity of their numbers compared to 2018.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"294 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140499732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-116-124
В. А. Borisov, О. Е. Efimov, О. V. Eliseeva, N. V. Minaev, А. А. Prokhorov
Land is often withdrawn from agriculture for various reasons, about 1/4 of the world’s fallow land is in Russia, mainly in the taiga forest zone. Some changes, determined by a combination of various factors, take place in fallow land. Therefore, in order to determine the expediency or priority of returning fallow land to arable land, it is relevant to assess the main indicators of its fertility. To this end, a comparative study of the organic matter and physical properties of an arable sod-podzolic soil and its post-agricultural analogue, which has been fallow for more than 20 years, was carried out. A reliable increase in the carbon content of the light fraction of organic matter in the 0-10 cm layer of the fallow soil was observed in comparison with the corresponding horizon of the arable analogue. In the 10-20 cm horizon this increase was manifested in the form of a tendency, also the tendency of increase in the content of organic carbon (total humus) in the former arable layer of the fallow soil was manifested. The increase in these indicators of the state of organic matter is apparently due to the increase in the amount of plant residues as a result of the succession of natural herbaceous vegetation compared to the amount of post-harvest residues on arable land. The fallow soil also showed an increase in the number of macroaggregates, agronomically valuable aggregates and the water holding capacity of macroand microaggregates compared to the arable soil. Obviously, such an improvement in the structural condition indicators is related to the increase in humus content and the absence of mechanical tillage, which favours the destruction of aggregates. The fallow soil in comparison with the arable soil had reliably lower density and density of solid phase, which is explained by higher content of light fraction of organic matter in it, as well as better structure. The obtained results allow to assess the nature of changes in fertility indicators of sod-podzolic soil as a result of staying in fallow condition. The indicator of the content of the light fraction of organic matter is an earlier indicator of the recovery of the fallow soil compared to the total carbon content in the soil, which allows to determine the expediency and priority of the return of fallow soils to arable land.
{"title":"Assessment of organic matter state and physical properties of postagrogenic sod-podzolic soil and its arable analogue","authors":"В. А. Borisov, О. Е. Efimov, О. V. Eliseeva, N. V. Minaev, А. А. Prokhorov","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-116-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-116-124","url":null,"abstract":"Land is often withdrawn from agriculture for various reasons, about 1/4 of the world’s fallow land is in Russia, mainly in the taiga forest zone. Some changes, determined by a combination of various factors, take place in fallow land. Therefore, in order to determine the expediency or priority of returning fallow land to arable land, it is relevant to assess the main indicators of its fertility. To this end, a comparative study of the organic matter and physical properties of an arable sod-podzolic soil and its post-agricultural analogue, which has been fallow for more than 20 years, was carried out. A reliable increase in the carbon content of the light fraction of organic matter in the 0-10 cm layer of the fallow soil was observed in comparison with the corresponding horizon of the arable analogue. In the 10-20 cm horizon this increase was manifested in the form of a tendency, also the tendency of increase in the content of organic carbon (total humus) in the former arable layer of the fallow soil was manifested. The increase in these indicators of the state of organic matter is apparently due to the increase in the amount of plant residues as a result of the succession of natural herbaceous vegetation compared to the amount of post-harvest residues on arable land. The fallow soil also showed an increase in the number of macroaggregates, agronomically valuable aggregates and the water holding capacity of macroand microaggregates compared to the arable soil. Obviously, such an improvement in the structural condition indicators is related to the increase in humus content and the absence of mechanical tillage, which favours the destruction of aggregates. The fallow soil in comparison with the arable soil had reliably lower density and density of solid phase, which is explained by higher content of light fraction of organic matter in it, as well as better structure. The obtained results allow to assess the nature of changes in fertility indicators of sod-podzolic soil as a result of staying in fallow condition. The indicator of the content of the light fraction of organic matter is an earlier indicator of the recovery of the fallow soil compared to the total carbon content in the soil, which allows to determine the expediency and priority of the return of fallow soils to arable land.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140500477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-81-86
I. G. Ryazanov, А. Р. Konovalov, I. I. Tsepilova
The article presents the results of the study of the effect of the feed additive “Algobooster” based on chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer) on the productivity Loman Brown cross laying hens. The research was carried out in the conditions of a peasant farm located in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region. The experiment was carried out on three groups (15 birds in each group) of 200-day-old laying hens. In the first experimental group, Algobooster was given to each bird individually for 60 days at a dose of 2 ml per day, and in the second group – 4 ml per day. The control group received no additive. The results of the experiment showed that the introduction of the additive increased the egg production of laying hens: in the first experimental group, 30 additional eggs were obtained in comparison with the control, and in the second experimental group, 69 additional eggs were obtained. Thus, the use of the feed additive “Algobooster” in the dosage of 4 ml/head made it possible to achieve an economic effect by increasing the productivity of laying hens with an increase in profit of 42 rubles.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of a chlorella-based feed additive (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer) on the productivity of Loman Brown cross laying hens","authors":"I. G. Ryazanov, А. Р. Konovalov, I. I. Tsepilova","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-81-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-81-86","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of the effect of the feed additive “Algobooster” based on chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer) on the productivity Loman Brown cross laying hens. The research was carried out in the conditions of a peasant farm located in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region. The experiment was carried out on three groups (15 birds in each group) of 200-day-old laying hens. In the first experimental group, Algobooster was given to each bird individually for 60 days at a dose of 2 ml per day, and in the second group – 4 ml per day. The control group received no additive. The results of the experiment showed that the introduction of the additive increased the egg production of laying hens: in the first experimental group, 30 additional eggs were obtained in comparison with the control, and in the second experimental group, 69 additional eggs were obtained. Thus, the use of the feed additive “Algobooster” in the dosage of 4 ml/head made it possible to achieve an economic effect by increasing the productivity of laying hens with an increase in profit of 42 rubles.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"278 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140499893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-69-80
I. V. Tarabrin, V. V. Usenko
In horse breeding, it is important to introduce affordable methods for assessing the potential of the horse’s body to perform work of varying severity and in different terrain conditions (altitude, landscape features, type of work). The applicability of the method of dosing the load of working horses in highland conditions has been established on the basis of the value of the horse’s body weight calculated using the “heart girth” measurement, but the work should already be classified as heavy at a load weight of 15% of the horse’s body weight. The arterial molecular oxygen saturation of the blood and the pulse rate are sufficient to assess the state of respiratory function and the nature of the involvement of associated systems. The studies carried out on 14 mature working horses and also on 5 young horses used for work in lowland and highland conditions have made it possible to recommend the widespread use of the pulse oximeter for rapid analysis of blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate in order to dose the workload of these animals appropriately. Veterinary examination of horses with abnormal oxygen saturation and pulse pattern detected by the pulse oximeter confirmed the presence of clinical signs and laboratory markers of disorders in the body of a stallion and a repair mare, excluding the use of these animals as working animals. Early detection of inadequate respiratory function in young animals can allow a balanced decision to be made to refuse special training and prevent economic losses.
{"title":"Equine blood oxygenation as a coefficient of performance","authors":"I. V. Tarabrin, V. V. Usenko","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-69-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-69-80","url":null,"abstract":"In horse breeding, it is important to introduce affordable methods for assessing the potential of the horse’s body to perform work of varying severity and in different terrain conditions (altitude, landscape features, type of work). The applicability of the method of dosing the load of working horses in highland conditions has been established on the basis of the value of the horse’s body weight calculated using the “heart girth” measurement, but the work should already be classified as heavy at a load weight of 15% of the horse’s body weight. The arterial molecular oxygen saturation of the blood and the pulse rate are sufficient to assess the state of respiratory function and the nature of the involvement of associated systems. The studies carried out on 14 mature working horses and also on 5 young horses used for work in lowland and highland conditions have made it possible to recommend the widespread use of the pulse oximeter for rapid analysis of blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate in order to dose the workload of these animals appropriately. Veterinary examination of horses with abnormal oxygen saturation and pulse pattern detected by the pulse oximeter confirmed the presence of clinical signs and laboratory markers of disorders in the body of a stallion and a repair mare, excluding the use of these animals as working animals. Early detection of inadequate respiratory function in young animals can allow a balanced decision to be made to refuse special training and prevent economic losses.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"32 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-94-106
S. V. Rupasov, Е. V. Komarova, L. D. Kilpio, N. А. Melnikov, Т. А. Melnikova, G. А. Trusov, U. F. Pakhlevanova
The article presents the results of ornithological studies carried out in the basin of the middle reaches of the Kara River on the border of the Polar Urals and the Bolshezemelskaya tundra in the field seasons of 2017 and 2023. The routes covered a part of the valley of the middle reaches of the Kara River, sections of the valleys of the Halmershor 2nd, Lyadheyakha, Nyarmayakha, Yunyakha, Nerusaveyakha, Silovayakha, Halmer-Yu rivers and adjacent sections of the plakors. The relevance of the work is due to the fragmentary study of the territory and the need for monitoring to better identify the avifauna of a relatively inaccessible area of the Subarctic. During the research, 70 species of birds were recorded, 53 of which were breeding or likely to breed. The results of the work made it possible to carry out an inventory of the avifauna of the middle reaches of the Kara River basin, which had not previously been fully surveyed. Regular nesting in the tundra zone was confirmed down to the subzone of typical tundra, the steppe arrier Circus macrourus and the Siberian curlew Prunella montanella. The stability of the populations of the species included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation is demonstrated: the peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus and the little swan Cygnus bewickii. The revealed difference in the fauna and population of birds in the same area in different years with similar weather conditions confirms the necessity of monitoring these indicators in the Arctic and Subarctic.
{"title":"Fauna and bird population of the basin of the middle reaches of the Kara River (Polar Urals, Bolshezemelskaya tundra) based on to the results of expedition studies in 2017 and 2023","authors":"S. V. Rupasov, Е. V. Komarova, L. D. Kilpio, N. А. Melnikov, Т. А. Melnikova, G. А. Trusov, U. F. Pakhlevanova","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-94-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-94-106","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of ornithological studies carried out in the basin of the middle reaches of the Kara River on the border of the Polar Urals and the Bolshezemelskaya tundra in the field seasons of 2017 and 2023. The routes covered a part of the valley of the middle reaches of the Kara River, sections of the valleys of the Halmershor 2nd, Lyadheyakha, Nyarmayakha, Yunyakha, Nerusaveyakha, Silovayakha, Halmer-Yu rivers and adjacent sections of the plakors. The relevance of the work is due to the fragmentary study of the territory and the need for monitoring to better identify the avifauna of a relatively inaccessible area of the Subarctic. During the research, 70 species of birds were recorded, 53 of which were breeding or likely to breed. The results of the work made it possible to carry out an inventory of the avifauna of the middle reaches of the Kara River basin, which had not previously been fully surveyed. Regular nesting in the tundra zone was confirmed down to the subzone of typical tundra, the steppe arrier Circus macrourus and the Siberian curlew Prunella montanella. The stability of the populations of the species included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation is demonstrated: the peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus and the little swan Cygnus bewickii. The revealed difference in the fauna and population of birds in the same area in different years with similar weather conditions confirms the necessity of monitoring these indicators in the Arctic and Subarctic.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"49 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-107-115
Н. К. Khudyakova, Е. V. Khudyakova, М. N. Stepantsevich, О. А. Motorin, М. V. Jouravlev, М. S. Nikanorov
The article is devoted to the study of the content of cell wall carbohydrates – neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) – in cereal forage grasses depending on the growth phases. An increase in all cell wall fractions was revealed as the growth phases changed. The content of acid detergent fiber, neutral-detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin (% in dry matter) in cereal forage grasses (awnless brome, meadow fescue, meadow timothy) is 31‑32, 50‑55, 4‑6 before earing; in the earing phase – 32‑37, 55‑65, and 5‑6; in the flowering phase – 40‑45, 70‑72, 7‑9, respectively. As grasses grow, their composition changes with the accumulation of cell walls. The increase in the proportion of neutral detergent fiber occurs mainly due to an increase in the proportion of cellulose and a decrease in the proportion of hemicellulose, which is consistent with a higher digestibility of grasses in the early growth stages. According to the results of the study, the relationship between crude fiber and acid detergent fiber was closer (n = 64, s = 2.4%, r = 0.93) than between crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber (n = 64, s = 4.4%, r = 0.87). As the composition of grass changes daily during the growing season, it is advisable to determine its composition as soon as possible. As chemical methods are time-consuming, an express method based on an infrared analyzer can be used to solve this problem. The express method involves, after the grinding of the sample, sequential operations such as calibrating the analyzer, placing the sample in the analyzer and analyzing the samples with the analyzer. This means that this method is also quite time-consuming. To obtain information more quickly (two hours), digital technologies are now increasingly being used. The method based on digital technologies involves the sequential execution of the following operations: UAV launch, crop survey, transmission of multispectral data to the server, information processing and calculation of crude fiber content.
{"title":"Structural carbohydrate and lignin content of perennial cereal forage grasses depending on the growth phase and digital innovations in forage composition analysis","authors":"Н. К. Khudyakova, Е. V. Khudyakova, М. N. Stepantsevich, О. А. Motorin, М. V. Jouravlev, М. S. Nikanorov","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-107-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-107-115","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the content of cell wall carbohydrates – neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) – in cereal forage grasses depending on the growth phases. An increase in all cell wall fractions was revealed as the growth phases changed. The content of acid detergent fiber, neutral-detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin (% in dry matter) in cereal forage grasses (awnless brome, meadow fescue, meadow timothy) is 31‑32, 50‑55, 4‑6 before earing; in the earing phase – 32‑37, 55‑65, and 5‑6; in the flowering phase – 40‑45, 70‑72, 7‑9, respectively. As grasses grow, their composition changes with the accumulation of cell walls. The increase in the proportion of neutral detergent fiber occurs mainly due to an increase in the proportion of cellulose and a decrease in the proportion of hemicellulose, which is consistent with a higher digestibility of grasses in the early growth stages. According to the results of the study, the relationship between crude fiber and acid detergent fiber was closer (n = 64, s = 2.4%, r = 0.93) than between crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber (n = 64, s = 4.4%, r = 0.87). As the composition of grass changes daily during the growing season, it is advisable to determine its composition as soon as possible. As chemical methods are time-consuming, an express method based on an infrared analyzer can be used to solve this problem. The express method involves, after the grinding of the sample, sequential operations such as calibrating the analyzer, placing the sample in the analyzer and analyzing the samples with the analyzer. This means that this method is also quite time-consuming. To obtain information more quickly (two hours), digital technologies are now increasingly being used. The method based on digital technologies involves the sequential execution of the following operations: UAV launch, crop survey, transmission of multispectral data to the server, information processing and calculation of crude fiber content.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"64 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-23-33
S. Makarov, А. I. Chudetsky, А. N. Sakhonenko, А. V. Solovyov, L. R. Akhmetova, А. Р. Demidova, Yu. I. Kondratenko
The article presents the results of work on the formation of a bioresource collection of berry plants of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy based on a variety testing area of forest berry plants and a collection of species of the Dendrological Garden named after R.I. Schroeder. The variety testing area includes berry plants of the genera Vaccinium (V. corymbosum – 8 species; V. angustifolium – 4 species; V. corymbosum × V. angustifolium – 3 species; V. oxycoccos – 2 species; V macrocarpon – 3 species; V. vitis-idaea – 4 species) and Rubus (R. arcticus – 9 species; R. chamaemorus – 1 species). Introduced berry plants with edible fruits from the 24 genera are mainly represented in the collection of the Dendrological Garden named after R.I. Schroeder: Actinidia (4 species), Amelanchier (5 species), Aronia (2 species), Berberis (2 edible species), Cornus (2 species), Crataegus (more than 10 species), Elaeagnus (2 species), Fragaria (2 species), Hippophae (1 species), Lonicera (1 edible species), Mahonia (1 species), Morus (2 species), Prunus (13 species), Ribes (4 species), Rosa (6 edible species), Rubus (6 species), Sambucus (1 edible species), Schisandra (1 species), Shepherdia (1 species), Sorbus (more than 10 more than 10 species and a number of cultivars and a number of cultivars), Vaccinium (wild forms of 5 species), more than 5 species), Vitis (3 species). All plants included in the bioresource collection have nutritional and medicinal value and are quite stable in growth, development and fructification in the Moscow microclimate. Work has begun on the creation of an in vitro genetic bank of economically valuable, rare and difficult to propagate species, varieties and forms of berry plants. The aim is to maintain a bioresource collection, preserve biological diversity and accelerate the cultivation of planting material with subsequent fruit production under conditions of import substitution.
{"title":"Creation of a bioresource collection of berry plants on the basis of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy","authors":"S. Makarov, А. I. Chudetsky, А. N. Sakhonenko, А. V. Solovyov, L. R. Akhmetova, А. Р. Demidova, Yu. I. Kondratenko","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-23-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-4-23-33","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of work on the formation of a bioresource collection of berry plants of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy based on a variety testing area of forest berry plants and a collection of species of the Dendrological Garden named after R.I. Schroeder. The variety testing area includes berry plants of the genera Vaccinium (V. corymbosum – 8 species; V. angustifolium – 4 species; V. corymbosum × V. angustifolium – 3 species; V. oxycoccos – 2 species; V macrocarpon – 3 species; V. vitis-idaea – 4 species) and Rubus (R. arcticus – 9 species; R. chamaemorus – 1 species). Introduced berry plants with edible fruits from the 24 genera are mainly represented in the collection of the Dendrological Garden named after R.I. Schroeder: Actinidia (4 species), Amelanchier (5 species), Aronia (2 species), Berberis (2 edible species), Cornus (2 species), Crataegus (more than 10 species), Elaeagnus (2 species), Fragaria (2 species), Hippophae (1 species), Lonicera (1 edible species), Mahonia (1 species), Morus (2 species), Prunus (13 species), Ribes (4 species), Rosa (6 edible species), Rubus (6 species), Sambucus (1 edible species), Schisandra (1 species), Shepherdia (1 species), Sorbus (more than 10 more than 10 species and a number of cultivars and a number of cultivars), Vaccinium (wild forms of 5 species), more than 5 species), Vitis (3 species). All plants included in the bioresource collection have nutritional and medicinal value and are quite stable in growth, development and fructification in the Moscow microclimate. Work has begun on the creation of an in vitro genetic bank of economically valuable, rare and difficult to propagate species, varieties and forms of berry plants. The aim is to maintain a bioresource collection, preserve biological diversity and accelerate the cultivation of planting material with subsequent fruit production under conditions of import substitution.","PeriodicalId":489339,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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