Kun Liao, Xiaoyong Hu, Tianyi Gan, Qihang Liu, Zhen-xing Wu, Chongxiao Fan, Xilin Feng, Cuicui Lu, Yong‐Chun Liu, Q. Gong
Photonic molecules (PMs) are artificial nanoscale photonic structures that play important roles in the fundamental optics field. PM quantum optics has recently become a promising research field, because it provides novel quantum optical phenomena including Rabi oscillation, the Stark effect, the Purcell effect, the photon blockade effect, bound states in the continuum, electromagnetically induced transparency, and Autler–Townes splitting. With the constant improvements in theoretical PM quantum optics research, many newly integrated photonic devices have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated, showing major potential for fabrication of next-generation, high-performance integrated photonic chips. This review provides a universal overview of the rapidly developing PM quantum optics field, including fundamental mechanisms, realization frameworks, novel quantum optical phenomena, and applications in newly developed photonic devices while also giving a general summary of the remaining challenges and proposing possible development directions for PM quantum optics.
{"title":"Photonic molecule quantum optics","authors":"Kun Liao, Xiaoyong Hu, Tianyi Gan, Qihang Liu, Zhen-xing Wu, Chongxiao Fan, Xilin Feng, Cuicui Lu, Yong‐Chun Liu, Q. Gong","doi":"10.1364/aop.376739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.376739","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic molecules (PMs) are artificial nanoscale photonic structures that play important roles in the fundamental optics field. PM quantum optics has recently become a promising research field, because it provides novel quantum optical phenomena including Rabi oscillation, the Stark effect, the Purcell effect, the photon blockade effect, bound states in the continuum, electromagnetically induced transparency, and Autler–Townes splitting. With the constant improvements in theoretical PM quantum optics research, many newly integrated photonic devices have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated, showing major potential for fabrication of next-generation, high-performance integrated photonic chips. This review provides a universal overview of the rapidly developing PM quantum optics field, including fundamental mechanisms, realization frameworks, novel quantum optical phenomena, and applications in newly developed photonic devices while also giving a general summary of the remaining challenges and proposing possible development directions for PM quantum optics.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"12 1","pages":"60-134"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41686474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Announcing the Advances in Optics and Photonics advisory board: editorial","authors":"Guifang Li","doi":"10.1364/aop.393738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.393738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48219081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Message from the incoming Editor-In-Chief: editorial","authors":"Guifang Li","doi":"10.1364/aop.12.000ed1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.12.000ed1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49655565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guifang Li, the new Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Optics and Photonics, outlines his vision for the Journal.
《光学与光子学进展》杂志新任主编李桂芳概述了他对该杂志的愿景。
{"title":"A message from the incoming Editor-In-Chief: editorial","authors":"Guifang Li","doi":"10.1364/aop.387435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.387435","url":null,"abstract":"Guifang Li, the new Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Optics and Photonics, outlines his vision for the Journal.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49630762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kovach, Dongyu Chen, Jinghan He, Hyungwoo Choi, Adil Han Dogan, M. Ghasemkhani, H. Taheri, A. Armani
The experimental realization of a Kerr frequency comb represented the convergence of research in materials, physics, and engineering, and this symbiotic relationship continues to underpin efforts in comb innovation today. While the initial focus developing cavity-based frequency combs relied on existing microresonator architectures and classic optical materials, in recent years, this trend has been disrupted. This paper reviews the latest achievements in frequency comb generation using resonant cavities, placing them within the broader historical context of the field. After presenting well-established material systems and device designs, the emerging materials and device architectures are examined. Specifically, the unconventional material systems as well as atypical device designs that have enabled tailored dispersion profiles and improved comb performance are compared to the current state of art. The remaining challenges and future outlook for the field of cavity-based frequency combs is evaluated.
{"title":"Emerging material systems for integrated optical Kerr frequency combs","authors":"A. Kovach, Dongyu Chen, Jinghan He, Hyungwoo Choi, Adil Han Dogan, M. Ghasemkhani, H. Taheri, A. Armani","doi":"10.1364/AOP.376924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.376924","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental realization of a Kerr frequency comb represented the convergence of research in materials, physics, and engineering, and this symbiotic relationship continues to underpin efforts in comb innovation today. While the initial focus developing cavity-based frequency combs relied on existing microresonator architectures and classic optical materials, in recent years, this trend has been disrupted. This paper reviews the latest achievements in frequency comb generation using resonant cavities, placing them within the broader historical context of the field. After presenting well-established material systems and device designs, the emerging materials and device architectures are examined. Specifically, the unconventional material systems as well as atypical device designs that have enabled tailored dispersion profiles and improved comb performance are compared to the current state of art. The remaining challenges and future outlook for the field of cavity-based frequency combs is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46519803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Barh, P. Rodrigo, L. Meng, C. Pedersen, P. Tidemand‐Lichtenberg
This paper provides an extensive survey of nonlinear parametric upconversion infrared (IR) imaging, from its origin to date. Upconversion imaging is a successful innovative technique for IR imaging in terms of sensitivity, speed, and noise performance. In this approach, the IR image is frequency upconverted to form a visible/near-IR image through parametric three-wave mixing followed by detection using a silicon-based detector or camera. In 1968, Midwinter first demonstrated upconversion imaging from short-wave-IR (1.6 μm) to visible (484 nm) wavelength using a bulk lithium niobate crystal. This technique quickly gained interest, and several other groups demonstrated upconversion imaging further into the mid- and far-IR with significantly improved quantum efficiency. Although a few excellent reviews on upconversion imaging were published in the early 1970s, the rapid progress in recent years merits an updated comprehensive review. The topic includes linear imaging, nonlinear optics, and laser science and has shown diverse applications. The scope of this article is to provide in-depth knowledge of upconversion imaging theory. An overview of different phase matching conditions for the parametric process and the sensitivity of the upconversion detection system are discussed. Furthermore, different design considerations and optimization schemes are outlined for application-specific upconversion imaging. The article comprises a historical perspective of the technique, its most recent technological advances, specific outstanding issues, and some cutting-edge applications of upconversion in IR imaging.
{"title":"Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications","authors":"A. Barh, P. Rodrigo, L. Meng, C. Pedersen, P. Tidemand‐Lichtenberg","doi":"10.1364/aop.11.000952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.11.000952","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an extensive survey of nonlinear parametric upconversion infrared (IR) imaging, from its origin to date. Upconversion imaging is a successful innovative technique for IR imaging in terms of sensitivity, speed, and noise performance. In this approach, the IR image is frequency upconverted to form a visible/near-IR image through parametric three-wave mixing followed by detection using a silicon-based detector or camera. In 1968, Midwinter first demonstrated upconversion imaging from short-wave-IR (1.6 μm) to visible (484 nm) wavelength using a bulk lithium niobate crystal. This technique quickly gained interest, and several other groups demonstrated upconversion imaging further into the mid- and far-IR with significantly improved quantum efficiency. Although a few excellent reviews on upconversion imaging were published in the early 1970s, the rapid progress in recent years merits an updated comprehensive review. The topic includes linear imaging, nonlinear optics, and laser science and has shown diverse applications. The scope of this article is to provide in-depth knowledge of upconversion imaging theory. An overview of different phase matching conditions for the parametric process and the sensitivity of the upconversion detection system are discussed. Furthermore, different design considerations and optimization schemes are outlined for application-specific upconversion imaging. The article comprises a historical perspective of the technique, its most recent technological advances, specific outstanding issues, and some cutting-edge applications of upconversion in IR imaging.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"11 1","pages":"952-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49307341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A message from the outgoing Editor-in-Chief: editorial","authors":"G. Agrawal","doi":"10.1364/aop.385447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.385447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present in this erratum a supplement to the review of experimental implementations of the Kramers–Kronig receiver in Section 20 of our paper [Adv. Opt. Photon.11, 480 (2019)AOPAC71943-820610.1364/AOP.11.000480] describing the work performed at Nokia Bell Labs, Germany. This addition does not affect to any extent the conclusions presented in the original paper.
{"title":"Kramers–Kronig receivers: erratum","authors":"A. Mecozzi, C. Antonelli, M. Shtaif","doi":"10.1364/aop.11.000826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.11.000826","url":null,"abstract":"We present in this erratum a supplement to the review of experimental implementations of the Kramers–Kronig receiver in Section 20 of our paper [Adv. Opt. Photon.11, 480 (2019)AOPAC71943-820610.1364/AOP.11.000480] describing the work performed at Nokia Bell Labs, Germany. This addition does not affect to any extent the conclusions presented in the original paper.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46620396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the development of laser light sources in the early 1960s, laser beams are everywhere. Laser beams are central in many industrial applications and are essential in ample scientific research fields. Prime scientific examples are optical trapping of ultracold atoms, optical levitation of particles, and laser-based detection of gravitational waves. Mathematically, laser beams are well described by Gaussian beam expressions. Rather well covered in the literature to date are basic expressions for scalar Gaussian beams. In the past, however, higher accuracy mathematics of scalar Gaussian beams and certainly high-accuracy mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams were far less studied. The objective of the present review then is to summarize and advance the mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams. When a weakly diverging Gaussian beam, approximated as a linearly polarized two-component plane wave, say (Ex,By), is tightly focused by a high-numerical-aperture lens, the wave is “depolarized.” Namely, the prelens (practically) missing electric field Ey,Ez components suddenly appear. This is similar for the prelens missing Bx,Bz components. In fact, for any divergence angle (θd<1), the ratio of maximum electric field amplitudes of a Gaussian beam Ex:Ez:Ey is roughly 1:θd2:θd4. It follows that if a research case involves a tightly focused laser beam, then the case analysis calls for the mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams. Gaussian-beam-like distributions of the six electric–magnetic vector field components that nearly exactly satisfy Maxwell’s equations are presented. We show that the near-field distributions with and without evanescent waves are markedly different from each other. The here-presented nearly exact six electric–magnetic Gaussian-beam-like field components are symmetric, meaning that the cross-sectional amplitude distribution of Ex(x,y) at any distance (z) is similar to the By(x,y) distribution, Ey(x,y) is similar to Bx(x,y), and a 90° rotated Ez(x,y) is similar to Bz(x,y). Components’ symmetry was achieved by executing the steps of an outlined symmetrization procedure. Regardless of how tightly a Gaussian beam is focused, its divergence angle is limited. We show that the full-cone angle to full width at half-maximum intensity of the dominant vector field component does not exceed 60°. The highest accuracy field distributions to date of the less familiar higher-order Hermite–Gaussian vector components are also presented. Hermite–Gaussian E-B vectors only approximately satisfy Maxwell’s equations. We have defined a Maxwell’s-residual power measure to quantify the approximation quality of different vector sets, and each set approximately (or exactly) satisfies Maxwell’s equations. Several vectorial “applications,” i.e., research fields that involve vector laser beams, are briefly discussed. The mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams is particularly applicable to the analysis of the physical systems associated with such applications. Two
{"title":"Mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams","authors":"U. Levy, Y. Silberberg, N. Davidson","doi":"10.1364/aop.11.000828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.11.000828","url":null,"abstract":"Since the development of laser light sources in the early 1960s, laser beams are everywhere. Laser beams are central in many industrial applications and are essential in ample scientific research fields. Prime scientific examples are optical trapping of ultracold atoms, optical levitation of particles, and laser-based detection of gravitational waves. Mathematically, laser beams are well described by Gaussian beam expressions. Rather well covered in the literature to date are basic expressions for scalar Gaussian beams. In the past, however, higher accuracy mathematics of scalar Gaussian beams and certainly high-accuracy mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams were far less studied. The objective of the present review then is to summarize and advance the mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams. When a weakly diverging Gaussian beam, approximated as a linearly polarized two-component plane wave, say (Ex,By), is tightly focused by a high-numerical-aperture lens, the wave is “depolarized.” Namely, the prelens (practically) missing electric field Ey,Ez components suddenly appear. This is similar for the prelens missing Bx,Bz components. In fact, for any divergence angle (θd<1), the ratio of maximum electric field amplitudes of a Gaussian beam Ex:Ez:Ey is roughly 1:θd2:θd4. It follows that if a research case involves a tightly focused laser beam, then the case analysis calls for the mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams. Gaussian-beam-like distributions of the six electric–magnetic vector field components that nearly exactly satisfy Maxwell’s equations are presented. We show that the near-field distributions with and without evanescent waves are markedly different from each other. The here-presented nearly exact six electric–magnetic Gaussian-beam-like field components are symmetric, meaning that the cross-sectional amplitude distribution of Ex(x,y) at any distance (z) is similar to the By(x,y) distribution, Ey(x,y) is similar to Bx(x,y), and a 90° rotated Ez(x,y) is similar to Bz(x,y). Components’ symmetry was achieved by executing the steps of an outlined symmetrization procedure. Regardless of how tightly a Gaussian beam is focused, its divergence angle is limited. We show that the full-cone angle to full width at half-maximum intensity of the dominant vector field component does not exceed 60°. The highest accuracy field distributions to date of the less familiar higher-order Hermite–Gaussian vector components are also presented. Hermite–Gaussian E-B vectors only approximately satisfy Maxwell’s equations. We have defined a Maxwell’s-residual power measure to quantify the approximation quality of different vector sets, and each set approximately (or exactly) satisfies Maxwell’s equations. Several vectorial “applications,” i.e., research fields that involve vector laser beams, are briefly discussed. The mathematics of vectorial Gaussian beams is particularly applicable to the analysis of the physical systems associated with such applications. Two ","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44232987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Lewalle, C. Elouard, S. Manikandan, X. Qian, J. Eberly, A. Jordan
We propose a measurement protocol to generate quantum entanglement between two remote qubits, through joint homodyne detection of their spontaneous emission. The quadrature measurement scheme we propose is a realistic two-qubit extension of existing experiments which obtain quantum trajectories by homodyning or heterodyning a superconducting qubit's spontaneous emission. We develop a model for the two qubit case, and simulate stochastic quantum trajectories for a variety of measurement protocols; we use this tool to compare our proposed homodyne scheme with the comparable photodetection-based Bell state measurement, and heterodyne detection-based scheme. We discuss the quantum trajectories and concurrence dynamics in detail across a variety of example measurements. As with previously known measurement-based entanglement strategies, the entanglement yield between our qubits corresponds to our ability to erase information distinguishing certain two-qubit states from the signal. We demonstrate that the photon which-path information acquisition, and therefore the entanglement yield, is tunable under our homodyne detection scheme, generating at best equivalent average entanglement dynamics as in the comparable photodetection case. By contrast, heterodyne detection at each output after mixing fluorescence signals makes this information erasure impossible, and generates no entanglement between the qubits.
{"title":"Entanglement of a pair of quantum emitters via continuous fluorescence measurements: a tutorial","authors":"P. Lewalle, C. Elouard, S. Manikandan, X. Qian, J. Eberly, A. Jordan","doi":"10.1364/AOP.399081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.399081","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a measurement protocol to generate quantum entanglement between two remote qubits, through joint homodyne detection of their spontaneous emission. The quadrature measurement scheme we propose is a realistic two-qubit extension of existing experiments which obtain quantum trajectories by homodyning or heterodyning a superconducting qubit's spontaneous emission. We develop a model for the two qubit case, and simulate stochastic quantum trajectories for a variety of measurement protocols; we use this tool to compare our proposed homodyne scheme with the comparable photodetection-based Bell state measurement, and heterodyne detection-based scheme. We discuss the quantum trajectories and concurrence dynamics in detail across a variety of example measurements. As with previously known measurement-based entanglement strategies, the entanglement yield between our qubits corresponds to our ability to erase information distinguishing certain two-qubit states from the signal. We demonstrate that the photon which-path information acquisition, and therefore the entanglement yield, is tunable under our homodyne detection scheme, generating at best equivalent average entanglement dynamics as in the comparable photodetection case. By contrast, heterodyne detection at each output after mixing fluorescence signals makes this information erasure impossible, and generates no entanglement between the qubits.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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